传播木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒的烟粉虱隐种鉴定

为明确广东地区传播木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCu Mu V)的烟粉虱隐种,采用分子鉴定、烟粉虱传毒试验与分子检测的方法,对传播CLCu Mu V的烟粉虱隐种进行了鉴定。结果表明:在广东棉花、红麻和黄秋葵曲叶病发生的田间,2014年采集的30头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为98.3%~99.6%,2015年采集的10头烟粉虱中,8头烟粉虱mt COI与MEAM1隐种序列同源性为99.2%~99.5%,2头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为99.8%~99.9%,说明烟粉虱种群包括入侵隐种MEAM1和土著隐种Asia II 7。在利用烟粉虱人工传毒试验中,MEAM1、Asia II 7和Asia II 1这3个隐种均可在棉花曲叶病株上饲毒获得CLCu Mu V及β卫星分子;除MEAM1隐种外,Asia II 7、Asia II 1隐种可传播CLCu Mu V,侵染红麻及黄秋葵植株引起曲叶病,前者传毒效率分别为50%和100%;而后者为33%和100%。以上3个烟粉虱隐种传毒接种棉花未见成功。     

福州市发生由木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒引起的朱槿曲叶病

棉花曲叶病是世界棉花生产上最具毁灭性的病毒病害,其主要病原木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curlMultan virus,CLCuMV)已经入侵我国广东、广西、海南等省多个地理区域,扩散危害范围日益加大.2011-2012年调查发现福建省厦门、福州和宁德等多个城市绿化植物朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)发生朱槿曲叶病的流行.应用双生病毒通用引物以及烟粉虱生物型鉴定的通用引物,通过PCR扩增、序列分析等方法,分别检测或鉴定了福州市朱槿曲叶病的病原、介体烟粉虱的生物型以及朱槿病株上烟粉虱的带毒率.结果显示:福州市朱槿曲叶病的病原是木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒,与CLCuMV广东分离物和广西分离物的相似性高达99.6％以上;介体烟粉虱生物型为B型,病株上烟粉虱的带毒率为100％.试验结果说明CLCuMV已经扩散至福建省,应警惕和控制木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒的进一步扩散和危害.     

烟粉虱在棉花上的发生特点及防治技术

烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci Gennadius）又叫棉粉虱、甘薯粉虱,俗称”小白蛾子”,属同翅目,粉虱科,小粉虱属,广泛分布于世界各地。近年来,随着抗虫棉大面积推广种植,棉田用药量大幅度减少,棉粉虱呈逐年加重为害趋势,现已成为棉花生长中后期的一种主要害虫;受害棉田一般减产10％左右,严重的可达20％～30％。     

湖北省棉花烟粉虱发生规律及影响因素

烟粉虱是我省棉花主要害虫之一,2007年以来棉花烟粉虱发生的调查数据表明,棉花烟粉虱的发生危害程度与其进入棉田的时间和夏季降雨量情况呈负相关。棉花烟粉虱在我省暴发的原因主要是抗药性强Q型烟粉虱成为棉田优势种群;越冬场所多,越冬寄主分布广泛;寄主植物种类多;没有特效的防治药剂及农药不合理使用。     

我国棉田烟粉虱的发生为害及控制

对我国棉田烟粉虱的发生为害特点及近几年种群上升的原因进行了概述和分析,并提出了棉田烟粉虱的控制措施。     

枝江市棉花烟粉虱发生特点及原因分析

近几年来由于种植结构不断调整,以及外地花卉、苗木、蔬菜等大量调运,导致烟粉虱由次要害虫上升为主要害虫。2006年开始在棉田上出现少量烟粉虱为害,2007年其发生量呈明显上升趋势,2008年在局部棉田暴发成灾,2009年其为害有所减轻。我站2007年开始对棉花烟粉虱进行系统监测,     

2008年枣阳市棉花烟粉虱发生特点及防治

枣阳市地处鄂北岗地,棉花是我市的主要经济作物,常年种植面积在2万hm2左右.近两年来烟粉虱对棉花等作物的危害逐年加重,特别是2008年烟粉虱大发生,全市通过及时、有效的科学防控,将烟粉虱的危害损失降低到了最低限度,累计防治面积3.88万hm2,挽回损失1 104.5t.     

B型烟粉虱对不同棉花品种的选择性及适生性

29号上最高,在泗杂3号上最低.两代B型烟粉虱在不同品种上的平均产卵量存在显著差异,第1代最多达66.5粒,最少为41.6粒;第2代最多为65.8粒,最少仅为31.8粒.生命表参数表明,B型烟粉虱在中棉所29号上的种群数量增殖速度最快,而在国抗22号上则最慢.     

广东烟粉虱传双生病毒的发生种类、分布及动态

为了监测烟粉虱传双生病毒在广东的发生与扩散动态, 2003年-2021年, 本课题组对全省烟粉虱传双生病毒进行了长期调查与监测。结果表明, 在广东省广州、湛江、惠州等14市均有烟粉虱传双生病毒病的发生, 危害的寄主植物有番茄、南瓜、甘薯等24种, 其中番茄黄化曲叶病发生和危害尤为严重, 广泛分布于全省各地;从14市采集的病样中共鉴定出烟粉虱传双生病毒21种, 其中广东番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl Guangdong virus, TYLCGdV)、广东番茄曲叶病毒(tomato leaf curl Guangdong virus, ToLCGdV)、黄蝉曲叶病毒(Allamanda leaf curl virus, AllLCV)、广东雾水葛花叶病毒(Pouzolzia mosaic Guangdong virus, PouMGDV)、十萼茄黄花叶病毒(Lycianthes yellow mosaic virus, LyYMV) 5种病毒为新种;同时, 发现危害不同寄主的病毒种类存在差异, 危害同一作物的病毒种类也存在动态变化。本文明确了广东烟粉虱传双生病毒分布广、种类多、危害重, 为全省烟粉虱传双生病毒病的防控提供了科学依据。     

烟粉虱的发生与防治

烟粉虱由于一年发生多代,世代重叠严重,抗药性较强,近年来在吐鲁番地区为害较为严重。2012年春季首次在新疆生产建设兵团农十二师乌鲁木齐西郊温室花卉上发现,为防止其扩散蔓延,必须采取综合防治措施。     

木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒已对我国棉花生产构成严重威胁

木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒是引起巴基斯坦和印度棉花曲叶病流行的主要病原之一,是由烟粉虱以持久方式传播。近年来,在广东和广西分别发现了严重侵染朱槿和黄秋葵的木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒。虽然广东和广西不种植棉花,但该病毒传播介体烟粉虱在广东、广西及我国棉花产区都有分布。因此该病毒的入侵,对我国棉花生产构成严重威胁。     

B隐种烟粉虱和甜菜夜蛾取食诱导棉花抗虫性的互作反应

研究了B隐种烟粉虱为害的棉株对甜菜夜蛾生长发育的影响以及甜菜夜蛾为害的棉株对B隐种烟粉虱生长发育的影响。结果表明：被40头/株初孵的烟粉虱1龄若虫取食6 d后的棉株对甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫相对生长率产生显著负面影响（P＜0. 05）, 而分别被50头/株和200头/株烟粉虱初孵若虫取食至3龄时的棉株对后继取食的甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活率没有显著影响; 始终被2头/株甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫为害的棉株上的烟粉虱3龄龄期、4龄龄期及1龄至成虫总历期显著延长（P＜0.05）, 且被害棉株对烟粉虱产卵量有极显著的影响, 而对棉株上烟粉虱的存活率无显著影响, 但各龄期存活率都稍降低。     

Effectiveness of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton

BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton. RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to ～2 months. CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to ～2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

烟粉虱中甘薯褪绿矮化病毒（SPCSV）的快速检测技术

建立了利用NCM-ELISA、RT-PCR和半巢式RT-PCR检测烟粉虱中SPCSV的方法,比较了3种检测方法的灵敏性。结果表明,NCM-ELISA最低能从16头带毒烟粉虱中检测出SPCSV;RT-PCR能稳定地从3头以上带毒烟粉虱中检测出SPCSV;半巢式RT-PCR能稳定地从单头烟粉虱中检测出SPCSV。检测灵敏性研究表明,用体外转录的RNA作为核酸模板,RT-PCR可检测的最低浓度为5.69×104拷贝/μL,半巢式RT-PCR为5.69×101拷贝/μL,说明半巢式RT-PCR检测方法的灵敏性比RT-PCR高1 000倍。     

Insecticide resistance in field populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in West Africa

BACKGROUND: The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), has developed a high degree of resistance to several chemical classes of insecticides throughout the world. To evaluate the resistance status in West Africa, eight insecticides from different chemical families were tested using the leaf‐dip method on four field populations collected from cotton in Benin, Togo and Burkina Faso. RESULTS: Some field populations showed a significant loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids such as deltamethrin [resistance ratio (RR) 3–5] and bifenthrin (RR 4–36), to organophosphates (OPs) such as dimethoate (RR 8–15) and chlorpyrifos (RR 5–7) and to neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid (RR 7–8) and thiamethoxam (RR 3–7). Bemisia tabaci was also resistant to pymetrozine (RR 3–18) and to endosulfan (RR 14–30). CONCLUSION: The resistance of B. tabaci to pyrethroids and OPs is certainly due to their systematic use in cotton treatments for more than 30 years. Acetamiprid has been recently introduced for the control of whiteflies. Unfortunately, B. tabaci populations from Burkina Faso seem to be already resistant. Because cross‐resistance between these compounds has never been observed elsewhere, resistance to neonicotinoids could be due to the presence of an invasive B. tabaci biotype recently detected in the region. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Toxicity and growth-suppression exerted by diafenthiuron in the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci

Diafenthiuron (CGA 106 ’630), a thiourea, was sprayed prior to a 48-h infestation by adult females of the sweetpotato whiteflyBemisia tabaci Gennadius, on cotton seedlings under greenhouse conditions; it subsequently suppressed strongly progeny formation of the whitefly, resulting in approximately 50% progeny formation relative to control at 5 mg a.i./l. When the different development stages were separately sprayed directly, the larval stage was the most susceptible, resulting in 50% and 90% mortality of 2nd instars at concentrations of 6.5 and 49.2 mg a.i./l, whereas the LC50 values of adults and pupae were 23 and 45 mg a.i./l, respectively. A mild (30–35%) reduction of egg hatch was obtained at a range of 5–125 mg a.i./l. Thus the potency of diafenthiuron against various stages was in the order larvae > adults > pupae > eggs. Diafenthiuron exhibited a low vapor phase toxicity and had no translaminar effect when tested on first instars ofB. tabaci. The high potency of diafenthiuron against whiteflies described herein, against aphids and mites, as stated in the literature, and against some lepidopterous pests, render this compound an important insect control agent for pests of cotton and other crops.     

湖北省棉花主产区烟粉虱生物型分布及系统发育分析

［目的］ 明确武汉、荆州、孝感、随州、武穴5个棉花主产区烟粉虱生物型组成。［方法］ 通过以线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, mtCOI）为基础的PCR RFLP和基因测序的方法,鉴定湖北5个棉花主产区烟粉虱地理种群的生物型组成,并分析5个地理种群与其他省种群的系统发育关系。［结果］ Q型烟粉虱为湖北省棉花主产区的优势种群,而武汉温室种群则均为B型烟粉虱,土著生物型ZHJ1型在大田中略有分布;系统发育分析表明,湖北省棉花主产区B型和Q型烟粉虱种群均与中国其他多个省的烟粉虱种群亲缘关系较近。［结论］ 本文研究结果可以为湖北省5个棉花主产区烟粉虱的有效防治提供参考。     

棉田间作蔬菜防治B型烟粉虱

在室内用"Y"形嗅觉仪以棉花为对照测定了B型烟粉虱对6种蔬菜的选择性,不同蔬菜对B型烟粉虱诱集率的大小为:菜豆花生茴香芫荽芹菜韭菜。除了烟粉虱对菜豆的选择系数为正值外,烟粉虱对其他几种蔬菜的选择系数均为负值。6种蔬菜与棉花间作,结果表明:间作棉花上的烟粉虱成虫数量与对照存在显著差异。除了间作菜豆棉花上的烟粉虱成虫数量比对照增加外,间作花生、茴香、芫荽、芹菜、韭菜的棉花上烟粉虱成虫数量比对照均减少。