第二届中国兽药大会经营企业论坛邀请函

各兽药生产、经营企业、各相关单位：自我国兽药生产企业实施GMP以来，生产环节产品质量有了明显提高，但经营环节产品质量不容乐观，从近年来农业部抽检结果看，经营环节产品合格率均低于生产环节，制假造假现象时有发生，破坏了我国兽药生产、经营的良好秩序，阻碍了我国兽药行业的健康、良性发展。     

入世与我国兽药行业

随着我国政府加入世界贸易组织(WTO)谈判步伐的加快，加入WTO指日可待，加入WTO后我国兽药行业将面临怎样的形势?我国的兽药工业的竞争力如何?兽药企业如何在国际竞争中生存和发展?这是我们每一位从事兽药管理、监督、生产以及经营人员应共同关心和重点研究的问题。本文从我国兽药行业的现状出发，简要分析国内外兽药产品的竞争形势，寻求我国兽药工业加入WTO后的生存和发展对策，希望起到抛砖引玉的作用，使我们行业的每一位同仁都积极参与到关系我国兽药工业生存和发展的研究中来。     

试谈我省兽药质量问题及整改建议

任何一个行业的发展都有一个从无到有,从弱到强的不断完善过程,兽药行业也是这样。辽宁省日前还没有兽药生产企业通过兽药GMP验收,兽药经营、使用领域存在的问题也较多,市场的兽药产品抽检合格率几年来一直在70%-75%左右徘徊。基于兽药行业的现状,辽宁省兽药饲料监察所和各市级兽药饲料监察所加大了兽药抽检力度,重点对兽药流通领域和兽药使用领域、省内兽药生产企业进行了监督抽检。到2003年11月份,全省共监督抽检了1600家生产、经营及使用单位的兽药产品2715批,涉及兽药生产企业852个,其巾省内生产企业105个。查处各类违法案件721件,     

我国兽药行业的发展现状

随着我国改革开放和农业产业结构的调整 ,养殖业获得了前所未有的快速发展 ,兽药行业也呈现出良好的发展势头。但就其目前实际现状还不能满足我国养殖业需求 ,特别是加入WTO与国际经济接轨后 ,在参与国际竞争等方面 ,我国兽药行业面临着巨大的冲击和影响。1　我国兽药企业发展现状据统计资料表明 ,我国现有各类兽药生产企业已 2 4 0 0余家 ,产值 1 50亿元 ,生产品种 2 0 0 0多种 ,产品批准文号 2万多个 ;经营企业达 5万多家 ,年销售额约 1 70亿元。尽管总体上有了一定规模 ,但多数企业生产水平较低 ,生产规模小 ,厂房设施简陋 ,设备陈旧落…     

我国兽药行业现状概述

分别从兽药的生产、经营和使用三个环节及兽药管理体系、兽药质量检测状况等方面概述了我国兽药行业现状。具体详述了生产企业GMP现状、经营企业GSP现状、养殖企业兽药使用现状、目前我国兽药管理方面的法律及监管体系和近年兽药质量检测情况等。     

对兽药零售企业转变经营方式的探讨

当前,随着我国供给侧结构性改革的深入,养殖业也开始了新一轮的结构升级调整和群体变化,与养殖业息息相关的兽药经销企业面临着生存与发展的重大挑战。由于养殖业的规模化发展和兽药经营的专业化,兽药零售业销售环境今非昔比。如今兽药生产企业对经销商的能力和实力有了更高要求,因此,兽药零售企业如何能更好的生存与发展也是当今兽药行业的重要话题。从兽药经营的发展来看,传统的兽药零售模式和经营思路已经不再适合当今的行业形势,只有转变经营模式,拓宽经营思路,才能走出困境,立于行业不败之地。     

兽药行业现状与展望

正一、兽药行业的基本情况(一)法规体系不断健全《兽药管理条例》及配套规章确立了注册评审、监督检查、生产经营许可、行政处罚等一系列管理制度。(二)兽药监督管理体系基本形成兽医行政管理部门;兽药检查体系;兽医卫生执法体系基本形成。(三)行业发展初具规模三十多年来,兽药生产、经营企业数量不断增加,产能不断提高,从业人员数量不断增加,行业规模不断扩大。截至2013年底,我国共有兽药生产企业1804家,其中兽用生物制品企业77家,现有兽药经营企业5万余家,从业人员16.5万人。     

以技术作支撑 将服务进行到底——采访乾坤集团总经理王万平博士

众所周知,兽药GMP的强制实施推动了中国兽药生产格局的转变,而兽药经营规范化管理(GSP)的推行也将会给中国动保企业带来进一步调整,兽药经营格局、营销体系和服务体系,在未来的几年内,将发生重大变革。总的来说,兽药经营将呈一定发展趋势:养殖用药会从治疗用药为主导逐渐向预防保健用药为主导转变;提供养殖服务的需求逐级提高;兽药行业执法将更加严格规范;对兽药经营者的技术服务能力要求越来越高。另一方面,面临来自畜牧业发展、公共卫生、食品安全的客观需要,我国的动保企业面临着快速增长的机遇。随着消费者在动物食品消费诉求上从数量和结构主导期向品质和安全主导期过渡,我国的养殖业政策导向也从追求数量和结构向追求效益和安全转变。动保行业事关我国畜禽产品的质量安全,在政府、社会以及消费者对食品安全的要求,这一推手的作用下,未来几年内我国动保行业将完成新的资源整合,出现新的行业大洗牌的定局。动保行业将得到很好的提升,首先,规模化养殖比例将逐步提升,并带动市场采购量的增长。其次,动保行业自身的转型升级将带动行业成长,我国动保产品的生产工艺及质量将得到大幅提升。那么,在新形势下,我国的动保企业将采取怎样的发展方式,来顺应时代的发展,赢得广大客户的青睐,并获得业内人士对企业的信任呢?带着这一系列问题,本刊记者采访了四川乾坤集团的王万平总经理。     

当前我国兽药法规与行业发展现状分析

自1987年颁布《兽药管理条例》以来,我国的兽药管理逐步走上了正轨,企业生产经营日趋规范,但产能过剩、自主创新能力不足、产业集中度低、产品结构不合理等问题也在一定程度上制约了行业的发展。本文重点对2004版《兽药管理条例》基本管理制度、兽药质量标准、兽药管理及检验机构及养殖用药相关的规定进行解读,并通过近年的统计数据科学地分析了我国兽药产业生产、经营、监管、新兽药研发的现状及存在问题,同时对兽药行业的发展提出了相应建议。     

统筹兼顾 迎接兽药行业发展新契机——广东省兽药GSP新闻调查

随着养殖业的快速发展,动物药品行业也日渐枝繁叶茂,已经从最初的简单运作模式发展成为集生产、研发、经营等有机结合的立体产业架构,甚至被媒体称为"永久的朝阳产业"。任何事物的发展都具有两面性,兽药也不能例外,它在动物养殖过程中被广泛应用,对动物疫病的预防、控制起到了至关重要的作用:一方面,增强了动物本身的抵抗力,避免了部分疫病的发病流传;另一方面,随着人民生活水平的不断提高,对食品的质量与风味均有了更高的要求,加上行业规范有待完善,部分制假、售假情况未得到有效控制,整个社会对动物药品行业都极为关注,行业要继续发展将面临新的挑战。为提高我国兽药生产整体水平,农业部于2002年开始强制执行GMP验收。从生产上规范行业,设定了准入门槛。GMP认证后,淘汰了一批落后的企业,兽药行业比之前有所规范。但是,时有发生的食品安全事件再三警示我们,虽然生产是产业链的源头,但是针对兽药这一特殊商品,仅仅在生产环节进行规范和监管是远远不够的,为此国家进一步扩大监管范围。2005年,农业部制定了《兽药经营质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GSP)征求意见稿,并在江苏、河北、山东等省部分地区进行试点。今年1月,农业部正式发布《兽药经营质量管理规范》,于2010年3月1日起正式实施,并要求于2012年3月1日前完成。显然,国家在规范兽药行业管理上已经加快了步伐,致使兽药GSP成为全国兽药生产、经营企业关注的焦点。广东省农业厅为此成立了兽药GSP工作领导小组,优化兽药经营许可审批程序、制定实施细则和现场评定、验收标准。那么,我省GSP的认证工作将如何推进?企业要做何准备?GSP的实施会对兽药生产、经营企业有何影响?带着诸多问题,本刊记者采访了我省参与兽药GSP工作的领导、部分重点兽药经营企业。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.