福建省鸡住白虫病的流行调查

本文报告福建省鸡住白虫病的流行病学调查结果。病原有两种：沙氏住白虫和卡氏住白虫。沙氏住白虫在全省广泛分布，平均感洒率达３４．０％，卡氏住白虫只在少数地区流行。后宽绳蚋是福建省鸡沙氏住白虫病的自然传播煤介。     

北京地区健康肉鸡携带沙门氏菌状况调查

禽源沙门氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患病原菌和食源性病原菌。肉鸡作为人肠炎沙门氏菌感染的主要来源,目前国内对其沙门氏菌携带状况的研究资料较少。为了解北京地区健康肉鸡中沙门氏菌的携带情况,本研究共采集该地区28个肉鸡养殖场的盲肠或泄殖腔拭子样品1310份,进行沙门氏菌的分离和鉴定,总共分离出沙门氏菌54株。血清分型结果表明,肠炎和爪哇安那为两种优势血清型,所占比例分别为31.5%和25.9%;其次是禽伤寒,占比9.3%。本研究为北京地区肉鸡场沙门氏菌病的防控及首都公共卫生安全提供了基础资料。     

一例肉种鸡腹泻引起种蛋沙门氏菌污染的诊治

沙门氏菌可引起鸡白痢、禽伤寒和禽副伤寒等沙门氏菌病,对我国养鸡业产生了巨大威胁.动物养殖中抗生素的广泛使用导致了沙门氏菌耐药性的出现,这给沙门氏菌病的防治增加了难度.本研究从一家肉种鸡养殖场的孵化场采集孵化早期死胚、出壳前2天活胚以及腹泻肉种鸡泄殖腔拭子样本进行沙门氏菌株的分离鉴定,通过药敏试验了解细菌耐药状况.结果表...     

九神曲对肉鸡胴体和肌肉品质的影响

试验研究了九神曲(枯草芽孢杆菌)对肉鸡胴体和肌肉品质的影响。选用90羽7日龄的肉仔鸡,随机分成三个处理组,每个处理设三个重复。A组饲喂基础日粮,B组饲喂基础日粮加0.05%的硫酸新霉素制剂,C组饲喂基础日粮加0.1%的九神曲。试验期35d。结果表明,C组肉鸡胴体品质的各项指标与两对照组相比,除了腿肌率有显著性的差异外(P<0.05),其余各项指标均无明显差异(P>0.05)。C组鸡肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均高于两对照组。结果表明九神曲对肉鸡胴体和鸡肉品质不但没有不良的影响,而且可增加鸡肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量。     

Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination in French broiler-chicken flocks at the end of the rearing period.

Broiler-chicken are often Salmonella carriers. However, these bacteria are responsible for major food-borne human infection, in which poultry-meat products are frequently implicated. In order to prevent Salmonella spread during the slaughtering process, control measures should be implemented at the farm level to reduce the prevalence before slaughtering. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for Salmonella contamination in French commercial broiler flocks at the end of the rearing period. A prospective study was carried out in 1996 and 1997 on 86 broiler flocks located in western France. The Salmonella status of the flocks was assessed by means of litter swabs and dust samples analyzed with classical bacteriological methods. Sixty flocks (70%) had at least one contaminated environmental sample and were classified as Salmonella-contaminated flocks. Logistic regression was used to assess association of managerial practices, general hygiene and results of environmental Salmonella recovery, with the odds that the flock itself would be Salmonella-contaminated at the end of the rearing period. Salmonella contamination of the house before placing day-old chicks and the Salmonella contamination of day-old chicks were significantly related to Salmonella contamination of the flock at the end of the rearing period. The risk for Salmonella contamination of the flock was increased when feed trucks parked near the entrance of the change room and when feed meal, instead of small pellets, was provided at the start.     

林芝地区一例鸡沙门氏菌的分离与鉴定

2009年5月,林芝地区某个体养鸡户的鸡发病死亡。通过剖检病死鸡、病原菌的分离培养、生化试验、致病性试验和血清学试验等,鉴定出病料中含有鸡沙门氏菌,结合临床表现诊断为鸡白痢。     

鹅胚沙门氏菌的药敏试验及消毒试验

采用纸片扩散法,对重庆市荣昌县某种鹅场死胚的9株鹅胚沙门氏茵,进行了13种抗菌药物的敏感性测定。还比较了7种消毒剂的抑茵强度,结果表明：9株茵对恩诺沙星、卡那霉素、氟哌酸高敏,对强力霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素、壮观霉素、氨苄青霉素中敏,而对复方磺胺、青霉素G、链霉素、洁霉素、四环素具有一定的耐药性;必灭杀可作为家禽防病灭痛的首选消毒药物,茵毒敌、复合酚、瑞得士203、甲酚皂、新洁而灭、畜禽乐消毒剂可作为家禽防病灭病的一般消毒药物。     

Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in senegalese broiler-chicken flocks

Our objective was to assess the association of managerial practices, general hygiene and Salmonella infection in Senegalese broiler flocks. Seventy broilers farms were studied from January 2000 to December 2001 around Dakar. A questionnaire was submitted to the farmers and samples of fresh broiler droppings were taken. A 28.6% of the flocks were infected by Salmonella (mainly Hadar and Brancaster serovars). Salmonella infection of the previous flock (OR=6.82) and of day-old chicks (OR=3.73), frequent poultry farmers’ visits (OR=5.38) and keeping sick birds inside the farm (OR=5.32) increased the risk of Salmonella infection. But, using antibiotics on day-old chicks (OR=0.17) and a detergent for cleaning (OR=0.16) decreased the risk.     

四川地区蛋鸡孵化场沙门氏菌调查

通过对四川不同地区的4个蛋种鸡孵化场进行沙门氏菌感染调查,发现4个蛋种鸡孵化场中弱雏身上的沙门氏菌分离率最高(分别为25.2%、0、13.7%、5.3%),对应孵化场提供的早期死亡雏鸡身上的沙门氏菌分离率也较高(分别为25.3%、7.8%、16.5%、8.6%)。选择19株沙门氏菌用21种抗生素进行耐药性检测,发现该菌只对头孢类部分药物及个别其他类别药物敏感,而对喹诺酮类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、氨基糖苷类的大部分药物耐药。表明对蛋种鸡孵化场沙门氏菌耐药性的控制迫在眉睫。     

鸡γ-干扰素联合新城疫活疫苗对肉鸡免疫效果的研究

选用350只1日龄罗氏308商品肉鸡,比较不同剂量的鸡γ-干扰素(ChIFN-γ)在新城疫活疫苗免疫前、后使用以及与疫苗同时使用对淋巴细胞刺激指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数以及鸡新城疫HI抗体滴度的影响。结果显示:各试验组淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)均高于空白对照组,表现差异显著(p<0.05);与疫苗对照组相比,疫苗免疫后给药组SI优于免疫前给药组和同时给药组,其中两次免疫后给药组好于一次免疫后给药组,500IU/羽的使用剂量优于100IU/羽;ChIFN-γ在免疫的不同时期使用均能有效提高巨噬细胞吞噬指数;两次免疫后给药组较疫苗对照组能明显提高28日龄以后新城疫抗体滴度,表现差异显著(P<0.05);一次免疫后给药组和免疫前给药各组的新城疫抗体滴度及变化趋势与疫苗对照组接近;但同时给药组各日龄段的新城疫抗体滴度都明显低于疫苗对照组。本试验结果显示ChIFN-γ联合新城疫活疫苗使用有助于提高疫苗免疫效果,其使用最佳时机为新城疫活疫苗免疫后使用,使用剂量为500IU/羽。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

几种鸡源肠道菌对沙门氏菌的体外生物拮抗试验

用从健康鸡消化道分离的鸡源乳酸杆菌４株,双歧杆菌２株,对引起雏鸡腹泻的鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡副伤寒沙门氏菌进行体外生物拮抗试验。试验结果显示：３株乳酸杆菌、２株双歧杆菌、１株芽孢杆菌对致病性沙门氏菌均有明显的生物拮抗作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而１株乳酸杆菌和１株芽孢杆菌拮抗作用不明显。     

霉变饲料中添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡人工感染发生的影响

本试验旨在研究霉变饲料和／或添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡人工感染发生的影响。选取140羽1日龄健康的AA肉鸡随机分成7个组．每组4个重复。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组饲喂霉变饲料;第3～7组以混合感染病鸡病变组织匀浆饮水制作人工感染疾病模型;第3～7组分别饲喂基础日粮、霉变饲料、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂＋中药增免剂。试验期35d。结果发现,肉鸡摄入霉变饲料与摄入正常饲料相比,提高肉鸡料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1v和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。给人工感染肉鸡饲喂霉变饲料与饲喂正常饲料相比．显著提高料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数,显著降低血清IFN-1、IL-2、IL-4和IL-12含量以及LTR,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。霉变饲料中添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能显著提高混合感染肉鸡增重,并降低料重比和死淘率（P〈0．05）,显著提高胸腺指数、法氏囊指数（P〈0．05）,显著提高血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。可见,霉变饲料可导致肉鸡免疫功能抑制,加重肉鸡混合感染病情;复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能有效缓解霉变饲料对人工感染肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和病情的不利影响,抗氧化剂和免疫功能增强剂可减轻霉变饲料的毒性作用。     

鸡肠炎沙门氏菌外膜蛋白F的原核表达及免疫原性分析

根据GenBank中收录的鸡肠炎沙门氏菌OmpF基因序列设计1对引物,以鸡肠炎沙门氏菌辽宁分离株基因组为模板,扩增鸡肠炎沙门氏菌OmpF基因,用IEDB Analysis Resource在线预测分析,该基因可能存在15个线性B细胞抗原表位;同时将该基因克隆至原核表达载体PGEX-4T-1中,构建重组表达质粒PGEX-4T-1-OmpF,转入大肠杆菌BL21中,获得OmpF重组蛋白。Western-blot检测结果表明,该重组蛋白的分子质量约为66 kD(含标签蛋白),能被鸡沙门氏菌阳性血清识别,初步证实该蛋白具有免疫原性,为鸡肠炎沙门氏菌亚单位疫苗的进一步研究和开发奠定了理论基础。