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本文对厚朴人工林的生长规律进行了系统研究,建立了其栽培群体的各种生长模型。并运用灰色系统理论,对厚朴生长与气候条件的相关规律进行了探讨。结果表明,其树叶生长符合自然对数方程,树高和胸径年生长符合二次抛物线方程,模型参数与树龄相关;树高、胸径和材积生长规律均可用Logistic方程模拟,各自的速生期分别为4~11年、5~14年和10~17年;气温与降水、日照时数与气温是分别影响厚朴树高、胸径生长的主要气候因子,其影响程度随年龄的增长而减弱。决定厚朴生长和“厚朴”产量的结构因子主要是林分密度。 相似文献
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鄂西地区厚朴栽培技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et wils)为木兰科木兰属植物,落叶乔木,喜光,喜凉爽湿润气候,多生长在疏松肥沃、富含腐殖质的中性至微酸性的夹沙土中。厚朴皮为我国特有的重要药材,主治高血压、痢疾、伤寒等症,近年来由于资源日益减少,需求量不断增加,价格稳中有升。花果也可入药。厚朴叶可用于包装食品,绿色环保,市场供不应求。鄂西山区1200m以上的高海拔山区特别适合厚朴生长,平均年生长高1.5m,径生长1cm。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(1)
【目的】探讨平茬更新不同代次及生长年限对厚朴生长和药用有效成分的积累动态,为其可持续速生丰产栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】以湖南省安化县不同平茬代次及生长时间的厚朴林分为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析方法研究其树高、胸径、树皮产量、树皮厚度及厚朴酚类成分的含量差异。【结果】平茬能显著提高厚朴树高、胸径、树皮产量的年平均增长率,1~2代厚朴生长6年后,其树高、胸径及树皮产量分别与生长8年的对照厚朴相似;生长8年的1~2代厚朴,则分别与生长10~12年的对照厚朴相似。树皮厚度与平茬代次呈显著负相关,平茬后树皮厚度的年增加率显著低于未平茬厚朴。平茬后萌生植株药用有效成分含量得以迅速积累,生长6~8年的1代厚朴酚类成分含量分别接近生长8~12年的对照厚朴;2代厚朴酚类成分积累的速度显著低于1代厚朴,但生长6~8年植株的厚朴酚类成分含量仍符合《中国药典》要求。平茬3次后厚朴树皮薄且脆,有效成分含量极低,失去利用的价值。【结论】平茬技术有利于厚朴林地生产力的恢复与重建,平茬后厚朴植株生长及药用有效成分含量均能迅速恢复,使厚朴收益期提前3~4年,具有很高的经济和社会效益。 相似文献
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厚朴是我国特有的名贵中药材.为了探索厚朴药用林的造林经营效果,通过对南平市延平区峡阳镇厚朴人工药用原料林开展抽样调查,测定分析其生物量状况,进而建立厚朴药用人工林生物量预测模型.结果表明:胸径3~19cm标准木的树皮气干重变动范围在0.75~ 21.72kg/株;造林10a,平均胸径8.9cm,树高10m,树皮产量4.05kg/株,占总生物量的18.07%.厚朴皮的分配比例大小顺序为简朴>根朴>枝朴,三者分别占总生物量的7.65%、5.37%和5.05%.根据各器官生物量与胸径、树高的幂函数关系,建立生物量预测模型W=a(D2H)b,预测效果较好. 相似文献
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根据标准地和解析木调查资料,以樟子松人工林树冠内活枝为研究对象,探讨同一树木的不同龄阶的枝生长规律,同一林分不同大小树木枝生长的规律,以及不同林分条件下枝生长的规律。结果表明:单株树木枝条长度总生长曲线呈"S"形,连年生长在生长初期达到一最大值后随年龄的增加而逐渐减小;在同一林分中,枝条总生长随着枝龄的增加而持续增长;在不同年龄相同密度林分中,年龄较小的林分枝长连年生长要比年龄较大的树林增长快一些;在相同年龄不同密度林分中,密度较小的林分比密度较大的林分枝长总生长及同期连年生长要快一些。 相似文献
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在三明市三元区开展了杉木与厚朴比例分别为1∶1、2∶2和3∶3的行状混交试验,通过对19年生试验林进行调查分析,结果表明:杉木与厚朴混交对杉木的生长起到了促进作用;杉木与厚朴混交改善了土壤结构;杉木-厚朴混交林土壤肥力状况优于杉木纯林,杉木与厚朴混交提高了土壤肥力;杉木与厚朴按照3∶3的比例行状混交效果最好。 相似文献
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木兰科植物兼具观赏、药用、材用、生态和科研价值,文化内涵深远,适应范围广,几乎涵盖整个中国,可作为建设低碳生态园林城市的重要植物材料,但相对较差的抗逆性成为制约其园林应用推广的最大瓶颈。为发掘耐涝性种质资源,研究人员根据淹水胁迫过程中木兰科植物的表型变化,选定叶色变化、植株萎蔫情况、茎基部变化和成活率变化4个指标,将其定量分级,制定等级得分标准及评价方案,然后以各指标得分的总和对耐涝性进行综合评价,建立了木兰科植物耐涝性评价体系。研究已对31木兰科种类的2~3年生种播苗进行了耐涝性鉴定,初步筛选出3个耐涝性强的木兰科优异种质。 相似文献
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玉兰是我国常见的绿化观赏树种,在生产实践中玉兰优良无性系常以嫁接方式进行扩大繁殖。近年来市场需求不断扩大,玉兰苗木供应短缺的问题开始出现。文中概述了植物嫁接的基本原理、玉兰嫁接育苗生产中的常用砧木和不同嫁接方法、影响玉兰嫁接成活率的主要因素等方面的研究进展,可为提升玉兰嫁接育苗效率、嫁接苗质量提供参考;此外,针对目前玉兰嫁接研究中存在的不足,建议在今后研究中从解剖学、生理学、分子生物学等方面深入探讨玉兰嫁接繁殖的调控机理,从而建立完善的嫁接繁殖技术体系,提高玉兰嫁接繁殖的效率,以促进玉兰品种资源的保存、推广及开发应用。 相似文献
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为探讨红树林树种生长与叶片元素含量特征,比较木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、角果木
(Ceriops tagal)、正红树(Rhizophora apiculata)、红海榄(R. stylosa)、白骨壤(Avicennia marina)和桐
花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)6个树种成活率、生长量、叶片元素含量及化学计量。结果表明,栽植
120 d后,6种红树树种的成活率均在85%以上;苗高净生长量在2.60~10.32 cm之间,地径净生长量在
8.62~16.92 mm之间,以桐花树和正红树的生长较快。白骨壤的叶片N含量最高,角果木K含量较高,红海榄Ca含量较高;6种红树叶片N/P值均小于14,属于N制约型植物;叶片化学元素K/P、N/K、Ca/K、Ca/Mg和K/Mg的值存在一定程度的差异。PCA分析结果表明,6种红树树种均能较好地各聚为一类,每个树种对其生长量因子、叶片元素含量因子和化学计量因子响应不同。 相似文献
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厚朴丰产栽培技术的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
厚朴是国家二级中药材,在临床上治疗消化道疾病有广泛效果。长期以来主要是利用野生资源,由于用量大,近十多年来才有广泛的人工栽培,并建立基地,因而研究起步也较晚。本课题进行了厚朴生物学特性研究,根据自然分布进行了栽培区划,提出了系列丰产栽培技术措施。 相似文献
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通过生物防火林带结构模式的研究,对泰顺县火灾现场进行实地调查后,研究和分析常绿阔叶林中不同植物种类的抗火性、耐火性和燃烧性,筛选出用于生物防火林带建设的植物种类,并进行生物防火林带造林试验、结构与配置、造林规格及位置的研究.试验表明,由乔木-亚乔木-灌木构成复层结构,配置境界、主、副防火林带,结合山脊、山谷位置的防火林带,能达到理想的生物防火效果;对木荷、杨梅、茶叶等17个树种进行枝叶含水量和抗燃时间的测定的结果表明,杨梅、木荷、女贞、山杜英、甜槠、广玉兰、红花油茶、油茶、茶叶等树种可选为生物防火林带造林,其防火和阻燃性能比较理想.开展生物防火林带造林,经检查造林保存率与成活率均在85%以上,幼树生长良好 相似文献
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升高气温对旱柳光合和生长的影响 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
工业革命以来 ,大气CO2 含量增加了 30 % ,预计到 2 1世纪中叶大气CO2 含量将增加 1倍。与此同时 ,CH4、N2 O、CFCs等温室气体的排放也不断增加 (Vitousek ,1 994)。这些温室气体含量的增加必将导致全球性气候变化 (Vitousek ,1 994;Mcleodetal.,1 999)。根据大气环流模型 (generalcirculationmodels,GCMs)的预测 ,2 1世纪全球气温将可能平均升高 1 5~ 4 5℃ (Houghtonetal.,1 996)。在 1 95 1~ 1 989年的约 40a间 ,中国半干旱区的平均气温升高了 0 5… 相似文献
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Understanding physiological responses and drought adaptation strategies of woody plant leaf traits in sub-humid to semi-arid regions is of vital importance to understand the interplay between ecological processes and plant resource-allocation strategies of different tree species.Seasonal variations of leaf morphological traits,stoichiometric traits and their relationships of two drought tolerant woody species,live oak(Quercus virginiana)and honey mesquite(Prosopis glandulosa)and two less drought tolerant species,sugarberry(Celtis laevigata)and white ash(Fraxinus americana)were analyzed in a sub-humid to semi-arid area of south Texas,USA.Our findings demonstrate that for the two drought tolerant species,the leguminous P.glandulosa had the highest specific leaf area,leaf N,P,and lowest leaf area and dry mass,indicating that P.glandulosa adapts to an arid habitat by decreasing leaf area,thus reducing water loss,reflecting a resource acquisition strategy.While the evergreen species Q.virginiana exhibited higher leaf dry mass,leaf dry matter content,C content,C:N,C:P and N:P ratios,adapts to an arid habitat through increased leaf thickness and thus reduced water loss,reflecting a resource conservation strategy in south Texas.For the two less drought tolerant deciduous species,the variations of leaf traits in C.laevigata and F.americana varied between Q.virginiana and P.glandulosa,reflecting a trade-off between rapid plant growth and nutrient maintenance in a semi-arid environment. 相似文献
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Early-growth differentiation among seven provenances of Prosopis flexuosa (algarrobo dulce) from the Monte phytogeographic province, Argentina, was studied by comparing their height growth; whole-seedling dry mass gain; allocation to root, stem and leaves; leaf number and leaf area in a common garden. Differentiation among provenances was detected for all the seedling characters examined except leaf number. Family variation within provenances was significant for height growth and leaf number. Variation on the provenance level was related to the elevation, geographic location, and some abiotic conditions of the seed source such as mean annual temperature and frost free period. Latitudinal clines were evident for almost all the growth traits. They were more pronounced for height and aboveground mass, and moderate for total plant mass and leaf area per plant. In addition, a good correspondence in growth traits between young seedlings and older trees of this species (studied by others authors) was also assessed. This fact would permit an early selection and genetic advances in the short term in breeding programs. 相似文献
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Leaf functional traits are adaptations that enable plants to live under various environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the differences in leaf functional traits among plants grouped by growth habit, leaf life span, leaf lifestyle, leaf form, and origin. Specific leaf area (SLA) of perennial or evergreen species was lower than that of annual or deciduous species because longer-lived leaves of perennial or evergreen species require more investment in structural integrity and/or defense against disturbances, especially with any resource constraint. SLA of large individuals was lower than that of small individuals. The low SLA in large individuals can improve their response to changing light and water conditions because increasing plant height is advantageous for light competition, but it can also impose a cost in terms of structural support and water transport. Petioles of plants with compound leaves were significantly longer than those of simple leaves because branching is expensive in terms of gaining height. SLA of plants increased with increasing invasiveness accordingly, and SLA of invasive plants was higher than that of their native congeners because invasive plants should invest more biomass on leaf growth rather than leaf structures per unit area to achieve a higher growth rate. Overall, variation in leaf functional traits among different groups may play an adaptive role in the successful survival of plants under diverse environments because leaf functional traits can lead to pronounced effects on leaf function, especially the acquisition and use of light. Plant species with different growth and leaf traits balance resource acquisition and leaf construction to minimize trade-offs and achieve fitness advantages in their natural habitat. 相似文献