干旱半干旱地区影响文冠果育苗的主导因子分析

为了探索干旱半干旱地区影响文冠果育苗的主导因素,采用正交试验设计,就播种期、种子等级、覆土厚度、基质类型、营养杯规格等因子对文冠果育苗的影响情况分别进行了大田育苗和容器育苗试验,并通过指标测定和数理统计分析优选出了影响文冠果育苗的主导因子及其处理水平。研究结果表明:影响文冠果育苗的主导因子分别是播种期、种子等级、覆土厚度、基质类型、营养杯规格;5月中旬播种、种子等级为Ⅰ级、覆土厚度为5 cm、基质为牛羊粪+本地土、营养杯规格越大的苗木其长势越好;土壤理化性质对文冠果育苗也有一定的影响,土层厚度与苗高、地径间均呈正相关,其相关系数均在0.95以上,土壤养分是苗木生长所需养分的重要来源,适于其苗木生长的土壤p H值在6.5~8.0之间。     

Fertilization Response on Growth,Photosynthesis, Starch Accumulation,and Leaf Nitrogen Status of Cassia siamea Lam. Seedlings Under Nursery Conditions

Abstract

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash fertilizers in eight treatment combinations, including an unfertilized control treatment were given to Cassia siamea seedlings under nursery conditions. This study was carried out to identify the physiological basis of varying growth response due to fertilization. Nitrogenous fertilizer application increased seedling growth, whereas application of phosphorus or potash fertilizers, either separately or in conjunction, did not improve seedling growth. Starch level had increased considerably whenever there was decline in the leaf nitrogen status, even though the photosynthetic rate was reduced drastically. Starch concentration remained significantly higher in leaves of seedlings which showed poor growth because of treatment effects. Vector analysis of nitrogen concentration, content, and dry mass allowed simultaneous comparison of leaf nitrogen status. This analysis showed that nitrogenous fertilizer application signified dilution effect. P-fertilizer application alone leads to N-deficiency and in PK-fertilizer application, vectors shifted into a region of antagonistic effect. These results are useful in evaluating woody seedlings growth response due to fertilizer management under nursery conditions.     

麻竹无性系选育的研究

本文报道了对麻竹实生苗生长状况和实生苗无性系选育方法。通过人工授粉获得麻竹种子，用圃地培植及无菌播种组培两种方法培育麻竹实生苗无性系，结果表明：（1）收集优良开花母株，利用人工授粉方法取得麻竹种子，可为优良无性系的选育培育较为优良的实生苗群体，有利于提高选育的有效性；（2）圃地培植的实生苗无性系在16个月龄和28个月龄时的生长显著相关，16个月龄时进行较大强度的无性系筛选，可靠性较大；（3）提早分株种植能加快实生苗无性系的总体生长与繁殖，利于加快无性系选育的进程；（4）无菌播种组培条件下，组培中无性系的生长特性与其移栽圃地后的生长特性十分相关，各无性系固有的生长特性在培养3-6个月期间逐渐表现，可在此时进行离体早期选择。     

叶面肥对油茶幼苗生长和生理特征影响的研究

以1a生出圃的油茶幼苗为材料研究不同浓度无机盐配比的叶面肥对油茶幼苗生长发育的影响,以便获得有利于油茶幼苗生长的叶面肥.在N、P、K肥的基础上,对硼酸、硫酸锌、钼酸钠进行L9(34)正交试验设计来配制叶面肥,喷施油茶幼苗叶片一段时间后测定幼苗的生长及其生理生化指标,对测定结果进行了极差分析和方差分析,并对优化的叶面肥进...     

苗圃地土壤肥力评定初探

在1年生湿地松、马褂木苗木出圃前，根据苗木不同生长状况，随机选定10块样地进行土壤理化性质测定，经统计学处理，了解土壤肥力与苗木生长的相关性，探讨圃地土壤肥力特征和影响苗木生长的主要土壤属性，初步探讨如何对土壤肥力水平进行等级评定。由于该地土壤类型为水稻土，故对水稻土育苗提出一些见解。其研究结果将对培育壮苗，提高苗圃土壤管理水平有一定参考价值。     

种子处理方式对欧洲垂枝桦发芽率及苗木生长的影响

以引进的俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦种子为材料,研究了冷藏、沙藏和雪藏3种种子处理对欧洲垂枝桦场圃发芽率及苗木生长的影响。结果表明:不同种子处理的场圃发芽率、苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和全株生物量存在显著差异,种子雪藏处理的场圃发芽率、苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和全株生物量等指标均优于其他处理,其场圃发芽率、生长量和生物量最高。     

兴安落叶松播种苗优化育苗模式研究

对兴安落叶松播种苗优化育苗模式进行研究的结果表明：施肥的最佳配比和用量为基肥腐熟草炭3万kg/hm^2＋土肥7万kg/hm^2＋过磷酸钙1 500kg/hm^2,追肥为二胺500kg/hm^2＋尿素220kg/hm^2。在苗木生长期,当土壤水吸力在50-73.3Kpa或低于10Kpa时,苗木生长受到抑制;在出苗期,最佳土壤水吸力为10-20Kpa,幼苗期最佳土壤水吸力为30-40Kpa,苗木速生期最佳土壤水吸力为10-20Kpa。在塔河地区兴安落叶松最佳播种期为5月10日左右,这时土壤厚度5 cm≥5℃的积温超过46℃,大气积温超过56℃以上,最佳苗木密度为600-800株/m^2。     

不同基肥对蒜头果幼苗生长的影响

在皖南地区气候条件下,采用不同的基肥进行蒜头果引种育苗对比试验,以观测不同基肥对蒜头果播种苗生长情况的影响。结果表明,磷肥对蒜头果播种苗生长影响明显,并表现出喜钙的特性。生产中应根据不同基肥对蒜头果苗生长的影响及其喜钙特性,采用合理的苗期管护措施。     

铅笔柏小规格容器袋限根育苗技术

针对铅笔柏容器苗搬运不便和起苗断根造成的缓苗现象,试验结果表明,采用小规格塑料容器袋和限根育苗措施,在生产上是可行的,实生苗1年半生即可出圃造林,并发现铅笔柏幼苗长势变异大,对环境条件反应敏感,建议在育苗生产中应加强规范化标准管理,以便苗木生长健壮整齐,提高出苗率。     

Testing Biodegradable Seedling Containers as an Alternative for Polythene Tubes in Tropical Small-Scale Tree Nurseries

Polythene tubes are the most commonly used seedling containers and their adoption can be attributed to high water retention that enhances seedling establishment as well as the desire for low-cost readily-available containers by nursery operators. Polythene tubes have drawbacks, however, because they adversely affect seedling root growth and are an environmental hazard. This study was conducted in Meru, Eastern Kenya, to investigate whether small-scale tree nursery operators are likely to adopt biodegradable seedling containers (cellulose papers and banana sheaths). It was hypothesised that biodegradable containers are better for seedling growth and are more environmental friendly than the widely used polythene bags. The study assessed the frequency of watering and growth (height and basal diameter) of Calliandra calothyrsus seedlings produced in various biodegradable containers under three conditions with varying watering requirements, i.e. light tree shade, shade net and polythene chambers, the first being widely used by farmers. The performance of these seedlings was later monitored in the field. Seedlings produced in biodegradable containers required more frequent watering than those in polythene bags under light tree shade and shade nets but less frequent in polythene chambers. Seedlings produced in polythene tubes had higher growth rates in the nursery, but when transplanted to the field, they were overtaken by those grown in the biodegradable containers due to transplanting shock after the polythene containers were removed. Biodegradable seedling containers can therefore be adopted in areas where water is not very limiting, and evaporation rates could be reduced and water-use efficiency improved by raising seedlings in simple polythene structures.     

Effects of acorn size and mass on seedling quality of northern red oak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus rubra</Emphasis>)

Oaks are not sustainable in many upland temperate forests because of poor recruitment resulting from natural regeneration. Artificial regeneration is an alternative to natural regeneration, but is difficult, in part, due to large variation in seedling quality. In this study, we examined the effects of acorn size and mass on nursery seedling morphological parameters commonly used to quantify seedling quality, and we determined if genetic factors affected these relationships. Acorns were collected from six open-pollinated orchard trees (i.e., six half-sib families), and were separated into six size classes based on acorn diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 2.5 cm). Samples from each size class were weighed for total fresh mass. Acorns were sown in a commercial bareroot nursery in Polk County, Tennessee, USA, and seedlings were grown for 1 year using nursery protocols to maximize growth. Seedling survival was generally not affected by acorn size class or mass, except one family had higher survival in the larger acorn size classes. Five of the six families had no discernable relationship between acorn size class and seedling size. Acorn mass was positively related to seedling morphology, but relationships were weak (R²?≤?0.11) and biologically insignificant. Neither acorn size nor mass could be used reliably to predict seedling survival or morphological indicators of seedling quality. We hypothesized that results were affected by an unusually long growing season and advanced fertilization regimes at the nursery, which may have negated acorn size/mass effects on seedling growth. Family affected relationships between acorn size/mass and seedling morphology, indicating that family selections could improve overall seedling quality.     

松树大田育苗与苗木生长调控技术的研究

本项研究在总结传统育苗的基础上，应用推广了苗木生长调控新技术，新老技术紧密结合配套使用，取得了松树大田育苗的良好效果。通过选择圃地、控制播种量、精耕细作、科学管理，并在苗木旺盛生长期的8月中旬进行切根、剪顶，有效地促进了苗木生长发育。结果表明，马尾松播种量45kg／hm2，培育苗木169．2万株，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级合格苗出圊率时％，其中优质苗率达53．5％。苗木茎干粗壮、根系发达、菌根丰富，达到了大田优质苗的质量标准。     

闽楠容器育苗基质筛选及大田育苗富根壮苗试验

闽楠容器育苗基质筛选及大田育苗富根壮苗试验结果表明:闽楠容器育苗基质最佳配方为泥炭土∶黄心土∶腐熟有机肥∶钙镁磷肥=70∶20∶5∶5。不同浓度GGR6叶面喷施处理后的闽楠大田苗,其苗木根长5 cm的Ⅰ级侧根数、苗高生长、地径生长均有显著差异。考虑到成本因素,宜采用20 mg/L GGR6液连续喷施苗木叶面3次,可使苗木5 cm的Ⅰ级侧根数比对照增加80%以上,苗木高生长比对照增加25%以上,苗木地径生长比对照增加15%以上。     

除草醚与阿特拉津混用除草试验

通过本试验表明：除草醚和阿特拉津混合使用，不但对苗木生长无害，而且还能提高除草效果，降低除草成本２０％，克服了长期使用除草醚造成的弊端。     

孟加拉无机肥料对几种农林作物生物固氮和种苗生长的影响(英文)

比较了不同浓度无机肥料(尿素和重过磷酸钙)对四种农林作物(楹树、雨豆树、相思树和印度田菁)生物固氮和种苗生长的影响。种子萌发一个月后利用不同浓度肥料(尿素:40kg·hm-2,80kg·hm-2;重过磷酸钙:40kg·hm-2,80kg·hm-2;(尿素 重过磷酸钙)40kg·hm-2和(尿素 重过磷酸钙)80kg·hm-2)处理种苗。结果表明:中等浓度无机肥料促进了种苗的生长,但较高浓度无机肥料也不利于种苗的生长。当施加尿素时根瘤菌的数量大小明显受抑制,但随着增加磷肥(重过磷酸钙)根瘤菌的数量大小增加。本研究有助于农业人员利用无机肥料改善土壤提高农林作物的生物固氮和种苗生长。图2表6参33。     

兴安杜鹃和迎红杜鹃种子、幼苗及苗木生长特性研究

对兴安杜鹃、迎红杜鹃种子发芽、幼苗形态建成及大苗生长节律进行研究。结果表明：兴安杜鹃和迎红杜鹃种子成熟度较好,兴安杜鹃平均发芽率和发芽势为91％和74％,迎红杜鹃平均发芽率和发芽势为94％和79％,完全可用种子进行苗木繁殖;幼苗形态建成较为缓慢,约需90d,这段时间是播种繁殖成败的关键时期。哈尔滨地区两种杜鹃的7～10a生苗生长期约为5个月（5月1日-9月28日）,高生长主要集中在5月至8月。9月下旬有一个短时间的二次生长期,10月基本停止生长进入休眠期。     

高脂马尾松实生苗与扦插苗的早期生长比较

对2～5年生马尾松实生苗、扦插苗2种苗木进行造林对比试验,试验结果显示,这2种苗木造林的保存率都超过95%。扦插苗和实生苗2年生时5个测量性状（树高、胸径、冠幅、活枝轮盘数、侧枝总数）均差异不显著;3年生时树高、胸径差异显著,其它不显著;4年生时5个性状差异均显著。即从3年生开始扦插苗早期生长量才显著高于实生苗。说明扦插林早期较实生林速生。在种子短缺的情况下,利用优良的无性系繁殖苗木,是十分有效的。     

广林9号桉幼林的施肥效应

将磷肥、尿素和桉树专用肥3种肥料分为3个水平,对4个不同初植密度广林9号桉树幼林进行施肥处理。采用方差分析方法分析了不同施肥处理及不同初植密度对桉树幼林生长的影响。结果表明：不同施肥种类及施肥量对广林9号桉幼林生长差异显著,桉树专用肥的影响极显著,尿素影响显著,磷肥影响不显著,其中尿素随施用量的增加对苗木生长存在抑制作用;桉树专用肥随施用量的增加对苗木生长有明显促进作用。不同初植密度的1年生广林9号桉幼林生长差异不显著。     

巨龙竹幼年竹优良无性系早期选育研究

通过对巨龙竹实生苗生长性状的观测,总结出了20个月苗龄时,对其种胚组培苗进行优良无性系选育是相对可靠的,筛选出了8个各种性状均较优的无性系。并对各无性系在试管微环境下和圃地的生长表现进行对比,归纳了二者之间的相关性,为巨龙竹幼年竹组培在试管内的早期选优提供试验依据。     

泡桐育苗方法比较研究

采用留根、平茬、埋根 3种方法培育泡桐苗木 ,在相同管理条件下 ,年终生长量苗高和生物量方面平茬育苗 >留根育苗 >埋根育苗 ;地径生长方面留根育苗 >平茬育苗 >埋根育苗。分析了不同育苗方法苗木年生长变化规律。根据年生长进程 ,提出不同育苗方法应采取不同的抚育管理措施。