影响母猪产仔数和初生重的因素分析

随着现代养猪业的发展,养猪规模越来越大,其繁殖效率也就越容易受到影响而下降,进而影响生产效益,然而提高生产效益的两个关健因素就是精液品质和母猪繁殖力。为了探讨精液品质对母猪繁殖力的影响,本试验统计了河南省驻马店诸美种猪场2006~2013年母猪配种、产仔记录,分析了猪精液质量(精子活率和精子密度)与母猪繁殖力(窝产仔数和初生窝重)的相关性。结果表明:(1)产仔性能最好的是长白猪,大白猪次之,杜洛克猪最差,三个品种的平均窝产仔数分别是10.52头、9.96头、9.05头;第3胎达到最大值,其产仔数分别为11.25头、10.23头、9.57头。(2)精子活率与杜洛克、长白、大白种猪的窝产总仔数、初生窝重呈极显著相关(P0.01)。(3)精子密度与杜洛克、大白种猪窝产总仔数和初生窝重呈极显著相关(P0.01),与长白种猪的没有显著相关(P0.05),表明影响母猪繁殖成绩的关键因素是精子活率。     

Some Factors Influencing Pregnancy Rate and Subsequent Litter Size in Primiparous Sows

The pregnancy rate and the subsequent litter size were studied in 332 Swedish Yorkshire primiparous sows, fed according to a commercial Swedish feeding regime during lactation. The sows were weighed and backfat depth was recorded at the first farrowing, at weaning, and at mating. Oestrous detection was performed once daily after weaning, and the interval from weaning to first oestrus (IWO) was recorded. Blood samples for determination of plasma progesterone were drawn regularly after the first weaning. Statistical analyses were only performed on sows with an IWO of 3-8 days. Of these 206 sows were mated on their first (OE1 sows) and 87 sows on their second (87 OE2 sows) oestrus after weaning.The pregnancy rate was 85.4% for OE1 sows and 75.9% for OE2 sows (p=0.048). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between OE1 sows with an IWO of 3-5 days and OE1 sows with an interval of 6-8 days. OE2 sows with an IWO of 6-8 days, on the other hand, had a significantly lower pregnancy rate compared with OE2 sows with an interval of 3-5 days. The pregnancy rate in sows that lost more than 30 kg during the first lactation period did not differ from that of sows losing less than 30 kg. In sows with a first litter size of more than 9 piglets alive at birth, the pregnancy rate decreases significantly if mating is delayed until the second oestrus after weaning.OE2 sows had a significantly larger second litter size at birth than OE1 sows (+ 2.0). The litter size at six weeks did not, on the other hand, differ significantly (+ 0.4). There was a positive correlation between the IWO and 2nd litter size, although significant only for OE1 sows between the IWO and litter size alive at birth. In the OE1 group, sows losing 20 kg or less during lactation had significantly larger second litters at birth than the sows losing 21-30 kg, but not significantly larger than the sows losing more than 30 kg. One piglet more, at birth, in the first litter resulted in 0.25 piglet more in the second litter. For sows with a large first litter there was a low probability of also having a large second litter.     

气候生态因子对母猪受胎率及窝产活仔数的影响

本文用广东肇庆市的资料说明，月均气温低于１５℃或超过２７℃，月寒潮次数多于１．５次，或超高温（高于３５℃）出现时，瘦肉型母猪的受胎率和窝产活仔数的极显著下降。     

母猪产仔模型的选优与模型参数的遗传分析

根据姜曲海猪产仔数表现出的生命旋回与逐胎波动两大特征，分别用泊松旋回模型、三次多项式模型、改进二次多项式模型Ⅰ和改进二次多项式模型Ⅱ4种数学模型对其窝产仔记录进行了拟合。从统计和生物意义两方面综合评价，改进二次多项式模型Ⅰ为产仔数的优选模型。单性状动物模型和DFREML算法被用来估计优选模型参数的遗传力。研究结果表明，产仔模型参数A、B和模型纯二次曲线顶点估计值的遗传力较产仔数的遗传力高，提示针对产仔模型参数的选择将比直接选择产仔数更为有效。     

Model Optimization of Litter Size and Genetic Analyses of Model Parameters in Sows

According to two properties of the life cycle and to fluctuation with parities, four mathemati- cal models, the Poisson cycle model, the cubic polyno- mial model, the modified quadratic polynomial model- I artd the modified quadratic polynomial model-H, were used to fit the records of litter size in Jiangquhai sows. From the viewpoint of statistics and biological significance, the modified quadratic polynomial mod- el-I was found to be the optimum model. A single traitanimal model and DFREML procedures were further used to estimate the heritability values of optimum model parameters. The results show that the heritabili- ty values for the coefficients A and B and the herita- bility value for the acme of the model pure quadric curve are larger than the heritability value for the litter size. This suggests that selection for model parameters may be more effective than direct selection for litter size.     

Model Optimization of Litter Size and Genetic Analyses of Model Parameters in Sows

According to two properties of the life cycle and to fluctuation with parities, four mathematical models, the Poisson cycle model, the cubic polynomial model, the modified quadratic polynomial model-I and the modified quadratic polynomial model-II, were used to fit the records of litter size in Jiangquhai sows. From the viewpoint of statistics and biological significance, the modified quadratic polynomial model-I was found to be the optimum model. A single trait animal model and DFREML procedures were further used to estimate the heritability values of optimum model parameters. The results show that the heritability values for the coefficients A and B and the heritability value for the acme of the model pure quadric curve are larger than the heritability value for the litter size. This suggests that selection for model parameters may be more effective than direct selection for litter size.     

不同月份对母猪产仔及活仔率的影响

经11705窝(胎)次母猪各月份产仔和3733窝(胎)次母猪各月活产仔数的数理分析,其产仔数,活产率受不同月份气温、相对湿度等综合生态因子而影响;特别是8月份是母猪全年繁殖力最差的月份,8月份配种11月份产仔数最少,平均窝产13.66头;活产仔也是全年最低,平均12.75头;8月份活仔率87.09％,且一次情期受胎率为83.51％,都是全年最低的。     

影响长白母猪产仔数胎次因素的研究

选择了890窝长白纯种母猪,对其窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝异常产仔数等指标进行了分析,先测定这些性状或指标不同胎次的成绩,再对每个成绩进行统计分析。结果表明,在长白母猪中,胎次对考察性状中的窝产仔数影响极显著（P〈0．01）,平均窝产仔数、窝产活仔数最高均为第6胎,分别为10．28和9．81头,最少均为第1胎,分别为8．43头和7.33头。胎次对母猪异常产仔数影响极显著（P〈0．01）,窝均异常产仔数最高为第7胎,较少为第2,6,4胎,异常产仔数包括死胎数和木乃伊胎数2类。疾病与胎次也有很大的关系。     

FUT1基因对大长杂交母猪产仔数的影响

利用PCR-RFLP技术检测了118头大长杂交母猪FUT1基因多态性,分析了FUT1基因与产仔数的关系.FUT1基因AA、AG、GG基因型频率分别为0.11,0.37,0.52.FUT1三种基因型母猪在总产仔数和产活仔数方面都无显著差异(P＞0.05).     

母猪妊娠期长短影响因素分析及其对产仔数的影响

我国是养猪大国,但生产效率相较于发达国家仍然相差很大,缩短母猪的繁殖周期是提高猪场综合生产效率和经济效益的有效手段.本文通过分析四川某种猪场包括大约克和长白猪的15665条繁殖数据,从母猪品种、公猪品种、配种季节和胎次等不同因素分析其对母猪妊娠期长短的影响,以及妊娠期长短对母猪产仔数的影响.结果表明,品种对母猪妊娠期有...     

神经肽Y基因多态性及其与小尾寒羊产羔数的关系

本研究旨在阐明神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)基因的多态性及其与小尾寒羊产羔数的关系,为绵羊多羔性的标记辅助选择提供科学依据.采用PCR-SSCP技术检测NPY基因全部3个外显子在小尾寒羊、湖羊、特克塞尔和多赛特羊中的单核苷酸多态性,分析该基因对小尾寒羊多羔性的影响.仅引物P1扩增片段存在多态性,在小尾寒羊中检测到5种基因型,在湖羊和多赛特羊中检测到3种基因型,而在特克塞尔羊中仅枪测到1种基因型;测序分析显示,在小尾寒羊中存在CR、TR和TW3种等位基因,在湖羊和多赛特羊中存在CR和TR 2种等位基因,而在特克塞尔中仅存在CR 1种等位基因.TR与CR相比在绵羊NPY基因编码区第93 bp处发生了1个C→T的单碱基突变;TW与CR相比除发生C93T的单碱基突变外,还在130和131 bp发生了GA塞AT的双碱基突变,该突变引起绵羊NPY成熟肽第16位氨基酸由天冬氨酸变为异亮氨酸.对于多态位点C/T,小尾寒羊3种基因型之间产羔数差异均不显著(P＞0.05).对于多态位点GA/AT,RW型小尾寒羊产羔数平均比RR型的多0.56只(P＜0.05).在小尾寒羊5种复合基因型中,TTRW和CTRW型小尾寒羊产羔数差异不显著(P＞0.05);TTRR、CTRR和CCRR型小尾寒羊产羔数差异也不显著(P＞0.05);TTRW和CTRW型小尾寒羊产羔数均显著高于其余3种基因型(P＜0.05).本研究结果初步表明NPY基因GA/AT突变位点的W等位基因是提高绵羊产羔数的1个潜在有效的DNA标记.     

非洲猪瘟背景下企业留种三元与二元母猪产仔数的比较研究

主要通过比较丹系和加系纯种、二元和三元母猪的窝产健仔数,分析不同遗传背景及胎次的母猪产仔性能差异,为评估三元母猪产仔性能及其替代更新提供参考依据.研究整理了国内某规模化企业2019年5月至2020年8月间猪场的209963条产仔记录,其中丹系56016窝,加系153947窝,通过单因素方差分析及邓肯检验对2个品系的母猪...     

The Effect of Post-ovulatory Insemination on the Subsequent Embryonic Loss, Oestrous Cycle Length and Vaginal Discharge in Sows

The aim of present study was to study the effect of post-ovulatory insemination on the subsequent embryonic loss, oestrous cycle length and vaginal discharge in sows. Ten Large White multiparous sows were divided into two groups. Group A sows were inseminated once at 15 h after ovulation. Thereafter, they were ovariohysterectomized on day 11 (n = 5, first day of standing oestrus = day 1) and flushed for recovery of embryos. Group B sows were also inseminated once at 15 h after ovulation. They were further observed for return to oestrus and vaginal discharge (n = 5) after insemination. The endometrium tissues were biopsied from sows with vaginal discharge, embedded with paraffin, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscope. Only two embryos were observed in one of four sows from group A. All embryos had a spherical shape but differed in size (range 1-2 mm). In group B, only one sow had a regular return to oestrus (i.e. on day 23) and another sow had an irregular return to oestrus (i.e. on day 27). The other two sows in this group had shown vaginal discharge on days 20 and 38 after standing oestrus. For the number of leucocytes in the endometrium of sows with vaginal discharge, a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in the connective tissue of the subepithelial layer. In conclusion, post-ovulatory insemination resulted in early embryonic loss, a subsequent prolonged oestrus interval and also vaginal discharge (i.e. endometritis) in sows.     

小尾寒羊LHR基因组织表达、多态性及其与产羔性状的关联分析

为了揭示LHR基因在小尾寒羊下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis,HPOA)中的表达规律、多态性及其与产羔数的关系,深入了解其对小尾寒羊产羔性状的作用。本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对6只小尾寒羊(FecB++型单、多羔母羊各3只)的生殖及脑组织中LHR基因的表达谱进行分析,同时采用Sequenom MassARRAY~?SNP技术对380只小尾寒羊和380只其他品种绵羊(小尾寒羊、滩羊、苏尼特羊、策勒黑羊、湖羊和草原型藏羊)LHR基因7个单核苷酸多态性位点(single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs)的多态性进行检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。结果显示,LHR基因在小尾寒羊大脑、下丘脑和卵巢中均有表达,其中在卵巢高表达。LHR基因在小尾寒羊多羔群体卵巢、大脑和下丘脑的表达均极显著高于单羔群体(P<0.01)。分型发现LHR基因中,4个SNPs位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在多羔和单羔品种间差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);7个SNPs在大多数绵羊品种中均表现为中度多态(0.250.05);关联分析表明,LHR基因有1个SNP多态性与小尾寒羊各胎产羔数显著相关(P<0.05),2个SNPs多态性与小尾寒羊各胎产羔数呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。本研究发现,LHR基因的3个SNPs位点的多态性与小尾寒羊产羔性状存在一定程度相关,暗示其可能参与小尾寒羊多羔性状调控。     

猪窝产活仔数与初生窝重、21日龄窝重的相关分析

测定84头新关系杜洛克母猪的窝产活仔数、分娩胎次、初生窝重、21日龄窝重,分别按照窝产活仔数分组进行方差分析和性状间的相关回归分析,探讨分娩胎次对猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明：窝产活仔数、初生窝重、21日龄窝重组间差异均呈极显著（P〈0．01）,初生窝重在窝产活仔猪数为9头和10头,7、8、9头差异不显著,其余各组之间差异显著或极显著。21日龄窝重在窝产活仔数为7、8、9、10、13头之间差异均不显著。对窝产活仔数与分娩胎次、初生窝重、21日龄窝重进行相关分析,分娩胎次与21日龄窝重指标不相关,其余各组指标均达到极显著（P〈0．01）水平。综合分析表明猪窝产活仔数在10～12头可取得最佳经济效益．     

猪窝产仔数的表型和遗传参数估计

对二花脸猪、大白猪、杂交一代和回交一代四个群体共计 2 0 1 0窝产仔数的资料进行了统计遗传分析。结果表明 :各胎次组中 ,随着二花脸猪血缘的减少 ,窝产仔数 (总产仔数和活产仔数 )平均值有下降的趋势。猪总产仔数和活产仔数的遗传力分别为 0 .0 81和 0 .1 1 6,属低遗传力 ,直接选择窝产仔数几乎没有效果 ;它们之间的遗传相关为 0 .793,表型相关为 0 .895,环境相关为 0 .90 7,它们之间的协遗传力为0 .0 77。这些参数表明总产仔数和活产仔数是两个不同的性状 ,在生产实践中单独记录它们是有理由的、必要的