烟草赤星病菌对嘧菌酯抗性突变体的诱导及其生物学特性

为评价烟草赤星病致病菌链格孢Alternaria alternata对嘧菌酯的抗性风险,以敏感菌株J6为试材,通过菌丝药剂驯化和分生孢子紫外诱变诱导抗性突变体,并对抗性突变体的生物学特性进行了研究,同时对抗性突变体与敏感菌株线粒体的细胞色素b基因 (cyt b) cDNA序列全长进行了测序分析。结果表明:经药剂驯化未获得抗性突变体,而紫外诱变共获得7株抗性突变体,突变频率约为0.007%,抗性水平分别为5.27、8.28、25.28、12.82、6.14、9.28和52.91倍。适合度研究表明,抗性突变体与敏感菌株的分生孢子萌发能力及致病力相当,但分生孢子产生量均高于敏感菌株,菌丝生长速率除突变体6-1外均快于敏感菌株。cyt b基因cDNA序列分析表明:有4株抗性突变体在不同位点上发生了核苷酸突变,其中突变体6-7 cyt b的249位和871位碱基由T突变为C,但其编码的氨基酸未发生突变;突变体6-8 cyt b的734位碱基由T突变为C,引起所编码的245位丙氨酸突变为缬氨酸 (V245A);突变体6-9 cyt b的510位碱基由T突变为A,所编码的170位由精氨酸替代了丝氨酸 (S170R);突变体6-11 cyt b的732位碱基由T突变为A,所编码的244位由苯丙氨酸替代了亮氨酸 (L244F),其776位碱基由T突变为C,所编码的259位由丙氨酸替代了缬氨酸（V259A）,其1 156位碱基由A突变为G,所编码的氨基酸未发生变化。研究结果初步表明,烟草赤星病菌对嘧菌酯存在潜在的抗药性风险,其cyt b基因的点突变与其对嘧菌酯的抗药性有关。     

Induced resistance in tomato plants to the toxin-dependent necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria alternata

A necrotrophic pathogen, the tomato pathotype of Alternaria alternata (Aa) causes Alternaria stem canker on tomato. Its pathogenicity depends on the production of host-specific AAL-toxin. Pre-inoculation with nonpathogenic Aa or pretreatment an elicitor prepared from Aa reduced disease symptoms by the pathogen. Salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense responses in tomato are not involved in the resistance to the pathogen induced by nonpathogenic Aa. The results suggest that an alternative and unknown signaling pathway independent of SA- and JA-signaling might modulate the induced resistance by activating the expression of the multiple defense genes.     

白术黑斑病菌对甲基硫菌灵和腐霉利的抗性检测及对咪鲜胺敏感性基线的建立

黑斑病是影响白术种植的主要病害之一,2015—2017年从浙江省磐安、天台、新昌和嵊州4地采集、分离得到137株白术黑斑病菌Alternaria alternata,采用菌丝生长速率法检测其对甲基硫菌灵和腐霉利的抗性。结果表明:供试的黑斑病菌群体 (n = 137) 对甲基硫菌灵的高水平抗性频率为77.4%,中等水平抗性频率为22.6%,未检测到敏感菌株;对腐霉利的抗性频率为20.4%,含21株低水平抗性菌株和7株中等水平抗性菌株。7种杀菌剂的室内毒力测定结果表明:咪鲜胺对白术黑斑病菌的活性最高,EC₅₀值为0.15 mg/L。供试的137株白术黑斑病菌对咪鲜胺的EC₅₀值分布在0.05~0.87 mg/L之间,平均EC₅₀值为 (0.29 ± 0.11) mg/L,可作为敏感性基线。     

重庆市烟草赤星病菌致病力测定

多抗霉素常用于防控烟草叶斑类病害,为探究其施用后烟叶叶际微生态的变化规律,采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析了其施用后不同时期叶际微生物的菌群结构与多样性,利用Biolog-ECO技术解析了叶际微生物代谢功能。结果表明:多抗霉素施用前,健康与感病烟叶叶际真菌均主要分布于子囊菌门 (64.20%、94.05%) 和担子菌门 (6.77%、2.40%);细菌均主要分布于变形菌门 (7.16%、38.81%) 和厚壁菌门 (16.00%、0.78%);健康烟叶叶际真菌和细菌的多样性指数显著高于感病烟叶;健康烟叶叶际微生物代谢活性强于感病烟叶。多抗霉素施用后,感病烟叶中链格孢属、Boeremia、泛菌属、假单胞菌属的相对丰度均先降低后增加,而枝孢霉属、附球菌属、亚隔孢壳属、Symmetrospora、Stagonosporopsis、鞘氨醇单胞属等的相对丰度均先增加后降低;健康烟叶中链格孢属、附球菌属、Symmetrospora、Stagonosporopsis、鞘氨醇单胞属的相对丰度均先增加后降低,而枝孢霉属、Boeremia、泛菌属、假单胞菌属的相对丰度总体均呈下降趋势。感病烟叶叶际真菌和细菌多样性总体呈上升趋势,而健康烟叶的真菌多样性呈上升趋势、细菌多样性呈下降趋势。在代谢功能方面,多抗霉素施用后,感病与健康烟叶叶际微生物对31种碳源代谢均受到不同程度抑制,代谢活性随施药时间延长逐渐恢复。研究结果揭示了多抗霉素施用后烟叶叶际微生物菌群结构和多样性的变化规律,可为杀菌剂防控植物病害的微生态机制的研究提供参考。多抗霉素对健康烟叶菌群结构和微生物代谢的影响均高于感病烟叶,建议该药剂在生产上作为一种预防保护剂施用效果最佳。

     

烟草赤星病菌对苯醚甲环唑和氟环唑敏感性测定及田间防效试验

为明确山东省主要烟草产区烟草赤星病菌Alternaria alternata对苯醚甲环唑和氟环唑的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法检测苯醚甲环唑和氟环唑对86株烟草赤星病菌菌株的EC_(50),用Spearman’s秩相关系数法分析供试菌株对2种杀菌剂敏感性的相关性,并评价其对烟草赤星病的田间防效。结果表明,苯醚甲环唑对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长EC_(50)值介于5.3883～8.0316 mg/L之间,平均值为6.9594 mg/L,敏感性频率分布呈连续性偏正态分布,田间烟草赤星病菌对苯醚甲环唑仍然较为敏感,可建立田间烟草赤星病菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感基线。氟环唑对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长的EC_(50)值介于0.1253～0.2517 mg/L,平均值为0.1773 mg/L,敏感性频率分布呈连续性偏正态分布,可建立田间烟草赤星病菌对氟环唑的敏感基线。相关性分析结果表明,烟草赤星病菌对苯醚甲环唑和氟环唑敏感性之间不存在明显的相关性。田间试验结果表明,30%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂对烟草赤星病具有较好的防效,其有效成分150 g/hm~2处理的防效最高,为73.99%;12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂对烟草赤星病的最高防效为70.57%。表明2种三唑类杀菌剂对烟草赤星病防效较好。     

六种杀菌剂对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用

采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了烟草赤星病菌Alternaria alternata对6种杀菌剂(氟硅唑、异菌脲、菌核净、嘧菌酯、醚菌酯及多菌灵)的敏感性。结果表明:6种杀菌剂对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发均表现出了不同程度的抑制活性。其中,对菌丝生长抑制活性最强的是氟硅唑,EC50平均值为(0.34±0.11)mg/L,其次为菌核净[(1.13±0.68)mg/L]和异菌脲[(2.08±0.24)mg/L];对分生孢子萌发抑制活性最强的是嘧菌酯协同100 mg/L水杨肟酸,EC50平均值为(0.28±0.09)mg/L,其次分别为单独处理的嘧菌酯[(5.79±2.76)mg/L]、醚菌酯[(11.93±3.93)mg/L]、菌核净[(19.95±15.94)mg/L]和异菌脲[(23.33±11.33)mg/L]。多菌灵对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制活性均最差,不宜用于烟草赤星病的防治,而异菌脲、氟硅唑、嘧菌酯和醚菌酯均有必要进一步针对烟草赤星病进行田间防效试验。     

引起葡萄叶斑病的链格孢种类的初步鉴定

为明确北京市大兴区、顺义区和山西省襄汾县葡萄树上叶斑病的病原菌,利用组织分离法对病样进行分离纯化,采用多基因系统发育学分析(ITS,Alt a 1和gpd)和形态学对纯化后菌株进行鉴定,并结合柯赫氏法则对其进行验证。结果表明,共获得37株链格孢属真菌菌株,分属链格孢Alternaria alternata、葡萄链格孢A. viniferae和乔木链格孢A. arborescens,柯赫氏法则检测结果显示接种菌株对所接叶片与果穗均具致病性,说明这3种链格孢种均为葡萄叶斑病的病原菌;葡萄链格孢为主要的病原菌,有28株,故将该类病害命名为葡萄链格孢叶斑病;此外,该类菌株在2～40℃之间均能生长,25℃为最适生长温度。     

Polyphosphate kinase is essential for swarming motility, tolerance to environmental stresses, and virulence in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605

Polyphosphate kinase (PPK), encoded by the ppk gene, is a principal enzyme responsible for synthesis of inorganic polyphosphate (poly P) from ATP in many Gram-negative bacteria. In order to elucidate the functions of poly P in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605, an in-frame deletion mutant of the ppk gene (ppk) was constructed. The ppk mutant did not accumulate poly P, whereas the wild-type strain accumulated a large quantity. The mutant had reduced swarming motility, even though it retains swimming motility like the parental strain. The mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to prolonged incubation and environmental stresses, such as heat shock and oxidative stress and reduced exopolysaccharide (EPS) production compared to the wild-type. Northern blot analysis revealed that expression of the rpoS gene, encoding the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS, was reduced in ppk in the logarithmic phase, indicating that rpoS is regulated by the ppk gene. The poly P deficient mutant had significantly reduced ability to cause disease in its host tobacco plant and in planta growth of the mutant was also significantly reduced in host tobacco leaves as compared to the wild-type strain. Thus, our results suggest that poly P plays an important role in the virulence of P. syringae pv. tabaci 6605.     

在小檗碱作用下水稻细菌性条斑病菌生理及转录反应分析

为探究小檗碱对水稻细菌性条斑病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola的抑菌机制,测定小檗碱对水稻细菌性条斑病菌GX13菌株的毒力、致病因子、细胞结构和能量代谢的影响,并利用Illumina-HiSeq高通量测序技术分析小檗碱对水稻细菌性条斑病菌菌体基因表达的影响。结果表明:经15μg/mL小檗碱处理后,GX13菌株侵染水稻品种玉丝占后引起水稻细菌性条斑病的病情指数为6.70,低于对照组;每1×108CFU菌体胞外多糖产量为1.58μg,显著低于对照的2.42μg;纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶等胞外酶活性均低于对照组;与能量代谢相关的苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性为1.42 U/g prot,低于对照组,而丙酮酸和三磷酸腺苷含量升高,分别为1.71μmol/mL和379.49μmol/g prot,均高于对照组。同时,细菌的生物膜形成受到抑制,细胞结构受到破坏。转录反应分析发现,与II型分泌系统相关的xpsD、xpsF和xpsM等基因、与III型分泌系统相关的hrcC、hrcJ、hrcN和hrcQ等基因、与胞外多糖分泌相关的gumF和gumI基因,以及与细胞结构与功能...     

基于刃天青微平板法测定交链格孢菌橘致病型对戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性

由交链格孢菌橘致病型(Alternaria alternata tangerine pathotype)引起的柑橘链格孢褐斑病(Alternaria brown spot,ABS)是柑橘上的主要病害,目前主要采用杀菌剂防治。本研究以采自中国各柑橘链格孢褐斑病发生区的54个交链格孢菌橘致病型菌株为供试群体,采用刃天青微平板法测定了病原菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长对戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:刃天青微平板法最佳体系中的培养基为完全培养基(CM),刃天青终浓度为40 μmol/L,孢子浓度为105个/mL。戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)范围分别为0.304~0.885 μg/mL和0.367~0.873 μg/mL,平均值分别为0.562和0.609 μg/mL。正态分布检测结果显示:这2种药剂抑制交链格孢菌橘致病型群体的EC50值均符合正态分布,因此认为所得EC50值可作为病原菌对戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性基线。本研究结果可为田间防治褐斑病和监测交链格孢菌对戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑的抗药性奠定基础。     

Tolerance to a non-host isolate of Verticillium dahliae in tomato

Tolerance to Verticillium spp. is a condition in which a host plant develops few symptoms despite substantial colonization by the pathogen. In the present paper we have shown that Craigella tomatoes are tolerant to a non-host isolate of V. dahliae, Dvd E6. Symptom expression was used to quantify disease and quantitative PCR to assess the amount of fungus in the stems. The classical incompatible and compatible interactions between Craigella resistant or Craigella susceptible near isolines and V. dahliae, race 1 were used for comparative purposes. Additional experiments using cytological assessment and quantitative PCR showed that in the tolerant interactions one plant defence response, vascular coating, was deployed as effectively as in resistant plants, limiting pathogen distribution. However, a second defence response, which causes the cyclical elimination of fungus from the stem in the classical interactions either does not occur or is substantially delayed in tolerant plants. Thus, the Verticillium population remains stable and substantial throughout the studied time course.     

番茄早疫病菌抗啶酰菌胺菌株的适合度及生物学特性

为了评价番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani对啶酰菌胺的抗性风险,采用菌丝直径法和孢子萌发法探讨番茄早疫病菌抗啶酰菌胺菌株的适合度变化和生物学性状差异。结果表明:番茄早疫病菌对啶酰菌胺的抗性可稳定遗传;与敏感菌株相比,抗性菌株的菌丝生长减慢,产孢量明显增多,病斑直径达8.5 mm以上,致病力显著增强,产毒量也有增加的趋势,但孢子萌发率无显著差异;啶酰菌胺对抗性菌株的防效显著下降为64.17%~33.49%;抗性菌株的最适p H范围变宽为5~9;中抗菌株的最适温度(25℃)、最佳碳源(淀粉和乳糖)和氮源(蛋白胨)没发生变化,但高抗和极高抗菌株的最适温度范围变宽为25~30℃,最适碳、氮源发生了变化。其中,高抗菌株的最适碳、氮源分别为乳糖和大豆粉;极高抗菌株的最适碳源为淀粉,最适氮源为玉米粉和蛋白胨。表明番茄早疫病菌对啶酰菌胺产生抗性后,较易存活而形成优势群体,因此需采取一定措施延缓抗性的发展、延长啶酰菌胺的使用期限。     

山西省番茄早疫病菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性及抗性突变体的适合度

为了解山西省番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani对苯醚甲环唑的抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法检测了该病菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性,分析了抗性水平和抗性指数;同时通过室内诱导获得了苯醚甲环唑抗性突变体,检测了突变体的抗性遗传稳定性、交互抗性和适合度。结果表明:分离自大同、忻州、长治、晋中和运城5市的101株菌株的EC50范围为0.005～3.315 mg/L,均值为0.428 mg/L,其中敏感菌株占97.03%,低抗菌株占2.97%;抗性指数范围为0.295～0.447,均值为0.343。10株中抗突变体抗性均不能稳定遗传、生长速率减慢、产孢量降低、孢子萌发能力减弱、致病力下降;但在药剂压力下,突变体的致病力强于敏感菌株。苯醚甲环唑与代森锰锌、多抗霉素、啶酰菌胺无交互抗性,而与啶菌噁唑存在交互抗性。因此,今后需加强番茄早疫病菌对苯醚甲环唑的田间抗性监测,在生产过程中轮用或混用不同作用机制的药剂以延缓该病菌对苯醚甲环唑抗性的发展。     

A functional gene-for-gene interaction is required for the production of an oxidative burst in response to infection with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana

An early event correlated with the gene-for-gene hypersensitive response (HR) is the accumulation of active oxygen species (AOS), also known as the oxidative burst. We present data that genetically demonstrates that the oxidative burst is a downstream component of the RPS2- avrRpt2gene-for-gene signal cascade. An in planta AOS assay using the fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was modified for use with the Arabidopsis thaliana / Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato (P. syringae pv. tomato) model system. An oxidative burst occurred between 8 and 15 hpi with avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato(avrRpt2), but not with virulent P. syringae pv. tomato. This burst preceded cell death and was not observed in the RPS2 Arabidopsis mutantsrps2-101C and rps2-201 inoculated with avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato. An HR-like response has been observed when plants undergoing a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response are challenged with a normally virulent pathogen (manifestation stage of SAR), however an HR-like oxidative burst was not detected by the in planta AOS assay during this stage of SAR.     

华南水稻白叶枯病菌致病性分化检测与分析

为了解华南稻区水稻白叶枯病菌的致病性分化和变异动态,采集华南地区水稻白叶枯病病叶标样分离病原菌,应用中国鉴别寄主IR26、南粳15、爪哇14、特特普、金刚30和国际水稻已知抗病基因的近等基因系IRBB5、IRBB13、IRBB3、IRBB14、IRBB2、IR24两套鉴别寄主,在水稻孕穗期采用剪叶法接种,依据寄主和菌株的互作反应检测病菌的致病性分化。结果显示,参试菌株可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅸ六个致病型和R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R8、R10七个致病小种。Ⅴ、Ⅳ致病型和R8、R5小种出现频率分别为27.40%、19.30%和44.67%、15.34%,为华南稻区优势种群。Ⅸ、Ⅴ、Ⅳ致病型和R8、R5小种对500份华南稻区品种资源的致病率依次为96.40%、95.00%、50.40%、62.00%和42.60%;Ⅸ致病型毒性最强且发展很快;强致病菌系Ⅴ型已替代Ⅳ型发展为华南优势致病菌系。     

Relative tolerances of wild and cultivated barley to infection by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Syn. Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei). II—the effects of infection on photosynthesis and respiration

The relative levels of tolerance of two wild barley lines (Hordeum spontaneum), B19909 and I-17-40, and one cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare), cv. Prisma, to Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei were determined by comparing the effects of different levels of infection on the photosynthesis and respiration rates of the third leaf. Infection caused the early onset of senescence in all three lines, and in particular in cv. Prisma, and was accompanied by decreases in gross and net photosynthesis rates, increases in respiration rates, and loss of chlorophyll. The onset of senescence occurred at approximately the same time in infected leaves of the two wild lines, but once triggered, photosynthesis rates and chlorophyll levels declined more rapidly in I-17-40 than in B19909. A burst of respiratory activity accompanied the onset of senescence, and this was greatest in cv. Prisma. Conidial production was higher in B19909, indicating a higher level of tolerance in this line.     

深色和浅色两种表型东亚飞蝗对蝗虫微孢子的敏感性比较

为验证群居型飞蝗深浅2种表型对蝗虫微孢子Paranosema locustae的敏感性差异,本研究以东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis为研究对象,测定并比较了深色型和浅色型2种表型的东亚飞蝗经蝗虫微孢子侵染后其发育历期、死亡率、免疫血淋巴细胞数量以及免疫基因表达量等变化情况。结果显示,浅色型东亚飞蝗的发育历期因蝗虫微孢子侵染而延长近1.0 d左右,比深色型东亚飞蝗多延长0.5 d;浅色型东亚飞蝗发死亡率明显高于深色型的;浅色型东亚飞蝗的免疫血淋巴细胞数量低于深色型的;蝗虫微孢子侵染后,深色型东亚飞蝗免疫基因toll基因和attacin基因的表达量上升,而浅色型东亚飞蝗的toll基因表达量无明显变化,attacin基因的表达量甚至出现下调。而且,蝗虫微孢子在浅色型飞蝗体内增殖更多。表明深色型东亚飞蝗在应对蝗虫微孢子侵染时较浅色型更有优势,浅色型东亚飞蝗较深色型对蝗虫微孢子更敏感。     

番茄早疫病菌抗啶酰菌胺菌株细胞膜透性变化

为探究番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani对啶酰菌胺产生抗性后膜透性的变化,采用菌丝生长法、可见分光光度法、电导率法和荧光猝灭法分别测定了抗、感菌株对NaCl渗透压的敏感性、胞内可溶性蛋白和糖的含量、膜渗透率及对啶酰菌胺的吸收量。结果表明:抗性(R-Bos)菌株在2.5 g/L NaCl浓度中生长最快,敏感(S-Bos)菌株则在5 g/L NaCl浓度中生长最快;在0~10 g/L NaCl浓度下,R-Bos菌株的生长明显快于S-Bos菌株,在20~80 g/L NaCl浓度下生长无显著差异;R-Bos菌株的可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量显著增高,分别达61.9%~105.2%和133.1%~161.9%;用啶酰菌胺处理菌株后,所有菌株的渗透率上升,膜透性增大,但R-Bos菌株的渗透率始终低于S-Bos菌株;且R-Bos菌株对啶酰菌胺的吸收量明显减少,为48.3%~49.9%。推测番茄早疫病菌对啶酰菌胺产生抗性后,胞内保水能力提高,对渗透压表现出耐受性,同时膜透性降低使得对药剂的吸收能力下降。     

水稻白叶枯病菌室内链霉素抗性菌株的诱导及其抗性分子机制和风险评价

通过紫外光照射诱导获得了6株水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae抗链霉素突变体。测得链霉素对水稻白叶枯病菌敏感菌株ZJ173及其抗性突变体的最低抑制浓度(MIC)分别为0.10和600 μg/mL;对敏感菌株的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)为0.03 μg/mL,对抗性菌株的平均EC50值为11.64 μg/mL,平均抗性倍数为388。通过PCR扩增了敏感菌株ZJ173及5株抗性菌株的rpsL基因(编码S12核糖体蛋白)和rrs基因(编码16S rRNA),并检测了strA基因是否存在。序列分析表明,5株被测抗性菌株的rpsL基因均发生了突变,其中4株在氨基酸43位、1株在88位,均由赖氨酸突变为精氨酸,而rrs基因未发生突变,strA基因未被检测到。表明实验室诱导获得的水稻白叶枯病菌抗性菌株对链霉素的抗药性是由rpsL基因突变引起的。抗性风险研究表明,抗性突变体的抗药性在无药剂压力下可稳定保持,其致病性、生长速率与敏感菌株相比无明显差异,竞争性低于或略低于敏感菌株,抗性自发突变率较高,且抗性突变为单一位点突变,病害循环为多循环,因此由rpsL基因突变引起的水稻白叶枯病菌对链霉素的抗性风险较高。     

异色瓢虫色斑多样性调查及各地十九斑变型COI基因系统进化分析

异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)是一种具有丰富色斑的捕食性天敌,主要捕食烟粉虱、蚜虫和粉蚧等小型害虫,复杂的地理环境会导致异色瓢虫形成不同的色斑型。为了解我国异色瓢虫的色斑多样性,通过采集、调查与分析5个省份异色瓢虫主要色斑类型、黄底型各色斑类型的比例及斑点出现频率,以17个地区数量较多的异色瓢虫十九斑变型为研究对象,运用细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列比对的方法,分析了各瓢虫种群之间的系统进化关系。结果表明,5个省份的异色瓢虫种群中,黄底型数量比例显著高于黑底型,黑底型中黑缘型数量比例极少。内蒙古贺兰山地区的黄底型异色瓢虫中,十九斑变型所占比例最大,占28.77%;其中斑点3出现的频率最高,占84.43%,半斑出现的频率最低,占28.77%。系统进化分析表明,除了云南异色瓢虫种群与其它地区差异较大外,其它16个地区的异色瓢虫十九斑变型之间具有很高的同源性。推测影响异色瓢虫形成不同色斑的关键因素很有可能是遗传基因之外的其它因素。