MNU诱发的水和稻巨大胚,甜胚乳两个突变体的RFLP鉴定

利用均匀分布于水稻１２条染色体上的７２个ＲＦＬＰ标记与８种限制性内切酶的不同组合,对化学诱变剂ＭＮＵ诱变产生的巨大胚、甜胚乳两个突变体及其原始品种金南风三者之间进行ＲＦＬＰ分析。结果表明：巨大胚突变体与金南风、甜胚乳突变化与金南风以及两突变体之间的多态性分别为８．３％、５．６％和１２．５％。巨大胚和甜胚乳两突变体基因突变频率分别为０．０２２７和０．００７０。根据揭示多态性的限制性内切酶的数量可将产     

PCR产物的RFLP分析在大豆根瘤菌研究中的应用

采用ＰＣＲ扩增１６—２３ｓｒＲＮＡ基因间序列和限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）法,分析了２７株属于快生、慢生二个类型的大豆根瘤菌。慢生大豆根瘤菌都产生了一条约１９０４ｐｂ大小的ＤＮＡ产物带。用ＨａｅⅢ、ＭｓｐⅠ和ＣｏｆⅠ限制性酶处理２７株菌株ＰＣＲ扩增产物,除ＤＨ４４４和ＬＬ１６外,其余菌株３种酶处理的结果一致,可以分成９种遗传模式组。９种遗传模式组与菌株的地理起源相关,但与细菌的血清学分组无直接关系。利用大豆根瘤菌１６—２３ｓｒＲＮＡ基因序列间的多态性特性,采用ＰＣＲ—ＲＦＬＰ法分组,比血清学更能反映根瘤菌的遗传进化关系。     

叶用甜菜随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术,对３０（１份糖甜菜,对照）份Ｂｅｔａ属叶用甜菜种质资源材料的总ＤＮＡ进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,并利用ＵＰＧＭＡ法绘制聚类分析图谱。结果表明：１）２９份叶用甜菜样品和１份糖甜菜样品护增多态性高,１２个引物共扩增出１１０条带,公共带９条,多态性频率高达９１．８１％,平均每个引物扩弱９．１７条带,特有带６条;２）３０个材料间遗传距离变异范围为０．１５００～０．６７１２,亲缘关系最近的是ＢＣ００４和ＢＣ００５（０．１５００）,最远的是ＢＣ０２７和甜研７号（０．６７１２）;３）来源于希腊、土耳其的叶用甜菜与中国叶用甜菜种质间存在一定的种内遗传变异,一部分与中国叶用甜菜亲缘关系更近一些。本研究首次建立了以叶用甜菜聚类在一起,尤其是与中国叶用甜菜亲缘关系更近一些。本研究首次建立了以叶用甜菜嫩花蕾为试材,采用略有改进     

高梁遗传图谱初探

ＲＡＰＤ（随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ）是一种新兴的分子标记技术，本实验利用这种技术对高梁（Ｂｔｘ６２３×Ｉｓ３６２０ｃ）Ｆ８重组自交系基因组进行了分析。在３００个随机引物中２８个引物在ＰＣＲ扩增产物的电泳谱带有差异。其中４２条扩增的多态性位点落于ＲＦＬ扩增产物的电泳带有差异。其中４２条扩增的多态性位点落于ＲＦＬＰ高梁遗传图谱所需添加补的间隔。由此可见，利用ＲＡＰＤ增加ＲＦＬＰ高梁遗传图谱某些区域ＤＮＡ标     

新型甜菜细胞质雄性不育系的获得及遗传学鉴定

以野生甜菜Ｂ．ｐａｔｕｌａＡｉｔ作母本，叶用甜菜Ｂ．ｃｉｅｌａＬ．和糖甜菜Ｂ．ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓＬ．作父本，通过３种间杂交，获得了一种新型甜菜细胞质雄性不育系．细胞学观察表明，该不育系表现出特异的花粉败育特性。以通用的Ｏｗｅｎ型不育系作对照，通过线粒体ＤＭＡ的ＲＦＬＰ分析，结果显示两类不育系的线粒体基因组织结构具有明显差异，从分子生物学角度证实了所获得的不育系为不同于Ｏｗｅｎ型的新型不育系。     

高粱遗传图谱初探

ＲＡＰＤ（随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ）是一种新兴的分子标记技术，本实验利用这种技术对高粱（Ｂｔｘ６２３×Ｉｓ３６２０ｃ）Ｆ８重组自交系基因组进行了分析。在３００个随机引物中２８个引物在ＰＣＲ扩增产物的电泳谱带中有差异。其中４２条扩增的多态性位点落于ＲＦＬＰ高粱遗传图谱所需添补的间隔。由此可见，利用ＲＡＰＤ增加ＲＦＬＰ高粱遗传图谱某些区域ＤＮＡ标记的数目是有效的     

骨干甜玉米自交系RFLPs,形态,同工酶和系谱的多样性

骨干甜玉米自交系ＲＦＬＰｓ、形态、同工酶和系谱的多样性Ｊ．Ｔ．Ｇｅｒｄｅｓ等本研究旨在（１）用系谱、形态学、同工酶和ＲＦＬＰ的数据估测４２个甜玉米自交系的多样性数量；（２）确定这些自交系间的关系；（３）评价甜玉米自交系分类中不同距离数字的作用。１材料...     

应用RFLP标记研究亚洲栽培稻的起源与分化

 选用分布于10条水稻染色体的20个DNA探针，分析了来源于广东、广西、福建、湖南和江西等5省的14份亚洲普通野生稻材料以及来源于8个国家的19份亚洲栽培稻材料的RFLP。17个探针能在研究材料间检测到多态性，以一种酶为基础，共检测到67条多态性带。聚类分析结果表明，所有野生稻材料归入野生稻组，栽培稻材料分别归入籼稻组或粳稻组。三组区分明确，且三组之间的遗传距离差别很小，表明灿粳稻是几乎同时从古老野生稻种分化而来的。另外，所有普通野生稻材料在籼粳分化方向基本都属于中间类型，且变异幅度不大于籼粳稻组内各材料在籼粳方向的变异幅度。     

RFLP在大豆种质资源及遗传连锁研究中的应用

本综合论述了ＲＦＬＰ在大豆种质资源及遗传连锁研究中的应用。自８０年代后期ＲＦＬＰＹ以大上，现已明确了栽培大豆ＯＧｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍａｘ），野生在豆（Ｇ．ｓｏｊａ）和半野生大豆（Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ）ＲＦＬＰ的变异性；、大量探针已被制备和筛选出来。利用Ｇ．ｍａｘ×Ｇ．ｍａｘ和Ｇ．ｍａｘ×Ｇ．ｓｏｊａ两类组合已绘制出含约５５０个基因座３０００ｃＭ的ＲＦＬＰ遗传连锁图。一些质量性状基因座和数量性状基因座     

用籼／籼交重组自交系群体构建的分子遗传图谱及其与籼／粳交群 …

为了最终实现对籼稻数量性状基因位点（ＱＴＬｓ）精确定位,用一个包含１３１个系的籼／籼交重组自交系群体（Ｆ６：７）构建了分子遗传连锁图谱含由１１３个水稻探针、２８个小麦探针揭示的１６０个ＲＦＬＰ标记和由５个ＰｓｔⅠ／ＭｓｅⅠ引物组合揭示的７８个ＡＦＬＰ标记。群体的杂合性比率接近期望值,表明该群体具有正常的遗传结构。在６个染色体区域观察到标记的偏分离,表明即使在亚种内群体中也可能发生标记的偏分离。本图     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.