Experiment Research on Leachate Treatment of Sanitary Landfill for Municipal Solid Waste

It is difficult to treat landfill leachate in China.Traditional biologic method and physical method always have high expenses,or cann''t reach the discharge standards.The authors use a new biologic method to treat landfill leachate,which is the Wood_microbial System from Japan.The system to be digested by 3 aeration tanks and 1 reaction tank.The comparison combine processed wool_dust broken pieces with the certain grain degree size were throw in the tanks.Dirty and organic matter are in the digest tanks through the aeration reaction and aneration reaction repeatedly.In this experiment the speed of wastewater discharge and oxygen supply has been changed, and the change of biologic system and the effect of pollutant are removed. The optimal treatment condition can be found.The experiment shows that the system has a good result,special for nitrogenous.The BOD is average to do away with the rate to amount to 90%,almost reach the second class or third class for leachate standard.But BOD loading should be not beyond 4 kg/(m 3.d),othrwise,the system will not operate in normally.     

Leachate Generation of Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill

The paper analyses the factors affecting leachate generation for landfill,and discusses the methods of calculation for leachate generation and indicates the effective ways to control leachate pollution on environment.     

Simulation of the Effects of Water Migration on Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation Process in Landfill

By operating an anaerobic degradation experiment of municipal solid waste landfill, the effects of periodic leachate emission, rainfall infiltration and full leachate recirculation on biodegradation process in landfill were investigated. And the control measures of water migration in biogas resources landfill were discussed. The results show that: in the case of leachate emission, it is difficult to form the suitable environmental factors of Eh, pH and humidity for methanogens. Rainfall infiltration plays a faint adjective function on microbiology environment. Under the continuous erosion action of infiltration rainfall, cumulative net CODCr leaching load increases by 67.8%. Leachate recirculation causes its cumulative production and net COD Cr leaching load decreases by 70.9% and 88.5% respectively, which shows an obvious inhibited effect on microbial metabolism at 15±2℃. With the temperature increases to 35±2℃, methanogens-suitable environment forms rapidly, but it causes the rapid accumulation of NH4 +-N in leachate. The measures, such as reducing the infiltration volume, controlling recirculation temperature reasonably and dealing with nitrogen removal before recirculation, can significantly improve the harmless and resources level of landfill disposal.     

Treatment Difficulties and Strategies for Landfill Leachate

The current status of leachate treatment in garbage landfills and its treatment difficulties were elaborated and summarized. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of various landfill leachate treatment technologies, a multi stage treatment composed of pretreatment, bio treatment and deep treatment was suggested as an ideal treatment. A new way to treat landfill leachate was presented. It combines electrochemical and oxidation ditches with sand filtration. The advantages of the new technique were also analyzed.     

Achievement of Short-cut Biological Nitrogen Removal of Mature Landfill Leachate

Stable short-cut nitrification was achieved through the selective inhibition of free ammonia (FA), free nitrous acid (FNA) on the nitrifying bacteria and a real-time control strategy which used pH, DO and ORP as parameters in an SBR reactor. The effects of C/N ratio and initial pH value on the short-cut biological nitrogen removal were studied. It is found that: when influent NH4 +-N concentration was 108~177.3 mg/L, the nitrite accumulation rate was around 90%. The reasons for the favorable nitrite accumulation rate were both the inhibition of FA and FNA on the NOB and the real-time control strategy through detecting the “ammonia valley” and “nitrite knee” two feature points in pH and ORP profiles, respectively. The optimal C/N ratio was 3 when acetate was used as the carbon source. When the denitrification rate with respect to the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids was 19.8 mg·g -1·h -1 NOx --N,NH4 +-N, NO2 --N, NO3 --N, TN of the effluent were less than 6, 2, 1 and 30 mg/L, respectively. When initial pH value was 8.5, the denitrification rate was maximum. However the differences of denitrification rate were small when pH was in the range of 7.5~8.5.     

Electrolytic Efficiency of Late Landfill Leachate Pretreated by Electrolytic Oxidation

With trait of late landfill leachate treated hardly, it is an effective method of enhancing biodegradability of late landfill leachate that electrolytic oxidation pretreats late landfill leachate, and it is very necessary to calculate current efficiency. Varity of organic pollutants in the late landfill leachate is studied under the electrochemical action by some tests and current efficiency under different electrolytic condition is calculated. The results show that the most high current efficiency is 34.11% when the current density is 15 mA/cm^2 and electrolytic time is 6.5 h.     

生物质炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效果的研究

为了寻找经济、有效的氨氮吸附材料,为物化处理技术在垃圾渗滤液上的运用提供一些实际参考的选择,以生物质炭（木炭）作为吸附材料进行吸附试验,研究木炭投加量、渗滤液初始pH值、吸附时间、氨氮浓度4个因数变化的条件下,木炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率及其吸附动力学特征。结果表明：随着木炭用量的增加,木炭对氨氮的吸附量逐渐增大,木炭投加量为80~160 g/L时,渗滤液中氨氮的去除率达34.27%~39.41%。在最佳pH 10和最佳吸附时间240 min条件下,木炭对渗滤液中氨氮的去除率分别为24.21%、16.91%。木炭对垃圾渗滤液的氨氮有一定的去除效果,其吸附动力学特征符合伪二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程。     

Sustainable Development and Municipal Solid Waste Disposal

Human beings are facing a lot of social, economical and environmental problems, so in 21st century, the sustainable development becomes inevitable choice of human beings. The current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the merits and shortcomings of sanitation landfill, composting, incineration have been expatiated in this paper. If the MSW has been disposed according to the principle of reduction, harmless and resource transformation, the sound base for our country's sustainable development in 21st century will be set.     

贮存温度对罗汉果浓缩汁稳定性的影响

将罗汉果浓缩汁在室温、冷藏、冷冻3个温区贮存180d,定期测定其生化成分的变化。结果表明,3个处理对罗汉果浓缩汁的pH值、吸光值、罗汉果甙V等指标均无明显变化。但在室温贮存条件下,从第60天开始,浓缩汁的微生物(细菌)开始生长,后期大量繁殖,导致可溶性蛋白增多,影响感官品质的变化,对产品贮存不利,而冷藏和冷冻贮存对产品品质的影响较小。     

石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合对垃圾渗滤液的处理实验研究

为了有效降低垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的氨氮和有机污染物,以便降低后期生化处理的污染负荷,采用石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,通过单因素实验研究CaO投加量、曝气时间、反应温度及气液比等因素对渗滤液中氨氮、COD以及UV254的去除效果的影响;通过正交实验研究综合处理效果最好的反应条件,并在正交实验后进行CO2曝气,以期降低实验后较高的pH和钙离子浓度。结果表明：氨氮去除率与各单因素呈正相关关系,COD及UV254的去除率与CaO投加量相关性较大。在正交试验得出的最佳混凝吹脱条件下,氨氮、COD、UV254的去除率分别能达到98.8%、60.2%、68.7%。进一步CO2曝气后,垃圾渗滤液pH由12.1降至6.8,钙离子浓度降低70.3%,COD去除率可达65.7%。     

Centrifuge Tests on the Instability of Valley-Type Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

The process of valley-type solid waste landfill sliding was simulated in centrifugal model test using container rotated during the centrifuge flight In the test, the displacement of the slope was measured and analyzed. The results showed that large deformation occured in the shoulder of the slope when the front slope angle and the back slope angle reached 40 degree and 45 degree respectively at centrifuge acceleration of 40g. The overall sliding appeared when the front and back slope angels were 51.6 degree, 56.6 degree respectively, and the interface slope angle at the bottom was 11.6 degree. With the increase of rotation angle of the model, the trend of overall sliding was accelerated and there was a large deformation of landfill body as well. The deformation perpendicular to the bottom of the slope was larger than that parallel to the bottom. When the model rotated 26 degree with the front and back slope angel of 66 degree, 71 degree, respectively,the interface slope angle at the bottom was 26 degree, and the failure mode changed from sliding inside the landfill to sliding along the internal interface slopes. The process of waste body sliding along the liner interface was recreated in the test and this process supported the method of choosing liner parameters in stability analyses. Based on measured data, the deformation and destruction characteristic were analyzed, and the main influence factors in selecting the waste shear strength parameter were discussed.     

Experimental Analysis on the Decomposition-Creep Settlement Properties of Municipal Solid Waste

In order to study the creep-degradation settlement properties of municipal solid waste, the change of static-creep-settlement for fresh municipal solid wastes which collected from the Chongqing landfill was observed elaborately during the 330 days Laboratory test, and the PTH Model which would fit the settlement properties better was funded. By analyzing leachate-degradation-strain-time relational curves, the number of total creep settlement caused by external load and inner degradation in the waste can reach 33.2% of the sample height. The leachate production can be controlled by the external load and organic content. The tests results indicate that the degradation rule of MSW can be expressed as the Richards model,and the relation of cumulative sellenment with cumulative leachate fit the Exponential function model. The corresponding section for organic content that suit for the initial compression deformation and the creep-degradation settlement could be ranged from 29.1% to 36.47%. During the monitoring for settlement and internal temperature field in the anaerobic reaction stage, an optimum temperature zones that varied from 20℃ to 41℃ are found, which could accelerate degradation speed of organic matters in the waste. Moreover, degradation speed of organic matters becomes maximum when the temperature reaches 41℃.     

Experimental Research on Municipal Solid Waste Landfill''s Strength Character in a Refuse Dump of Chongqing

With the development of economic and society,more and more waste landfill gradually threaten to the development of the city.Some special tests are done to study the relationship of the Municipal solid waste(MSW) strength and the stability of MSW landfill structure.A geo-technical test with the soil samples collected at the scene is done in the laboratory through direct sheared device and the thri-axial sheared device,the disciplinarian and factors are analyzed.The results are referenced to the design and construction of new-built MSW and finished rubbish field.It is shown that some parameters such as composition,particle magnitude,water content,compressing method,intensity and time,will greatly affect the strength character of MSW.     

Analyses on Stability of Saturated-Unsaturated Bank Slope with Revetment During Rise and Fall of River Level

The bank slope failure is closely related to the rise and fall of river level generally. In order to analysis the influence of the rise and fall of river level on Jin’an River bank slope stability in Fuzhou, the saturated-unsaturated seepage of bank slope with revetment was modelled based on the engineering geological condition of some bank of Jin’an River, and the effect of rise and fall of river induced by the DRWWOS(Drawing River Water to Wash Out Sewage) project on bank slope stability was studied. The results show the silt lying on the slope toe impedes pore water change, manifesting as in its sphere of influence river water is hard to flow into the bank when river rises, and the pore water pressure can not dissipate in time when drawdown. The faster the river rises, the more stable the bank slope becomes. On the contrary, the larger river level falling rate is more likely to leads to bank slope failure. Due to the poor bank drainage performance, the frequent rise and fall of river level results in pore water pressure increasing further, then impairing the bank slope stability. During DRWWOS project, the river level falling rate control and pore water pressure dissipation must be paid enough attention to. Also, replacing silt lying on the slope toe by good permeable material is a good choice to reinforce the bank slope.     

Measures of Rainwater and Sewage Shunting in Chongqing Changshengqiao Sanitary Landfill

This paper focuses on the measures of rainwater and sewage shunting in Chongqing Changshengqiao sanitary landfill. The catchment area of this landfill is totally about 331700 square meters. If the rainwater blends with the sewage, the processing load of the leachate will increase greatly. Thus, the measures of rainwater and sewage shunting must be taken during solid waste filling. In this paper, the authors firstly analyze the measures of rainwater collection and drainage and establish the guideline of pumping assisted by draining. Furthermore, according to the practical situation of landfill, a detailed plan is set down for rainwater and sewage shunting. The effect is quite evident after implementation of the plan for half a year. The processing load of the leachate has been reduced largely. It is proven that the shunting measures are feasible.     

过滤介质对大豆浓缩磷脂透明度的影响

以大豆原油为原料,分别选择硅藻土、活性炭、活性白土、豆粕、珍珠岩、木质纤维素、凹凸棒土和膨润土作为过滤介质,对大豆原油过滤除杂,制备大豆浓缩磷脂,研究各种过滤介质对大豆浓缩磷脂透明度的影响,结果表明木质纤维素可以有效去除大豆原油中的杂质,制备得到的大豆浓缩磷脂透明度甚至比食品级大豆浓缩磷脂高。     

Properties and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Incineration has been used to dispose municipal solid waste(MSW) in the world.Attention is paid to the secondary pollution from municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI).Especially the safe and effective disposal of MSWI fly ash becomes an environmental and social problem which should be urgently resolved.The paper focuseds on the properties of MSW fly ash.The different kinds of technology of MSW fly ash are analysed in details.The main disposals of MSWI fly ash are filling,solidification and stabilization,and distilling heavy metals.The innocuous disposal of MSW fly ash which is compatible in China is impoldering advanced incinerator controlling the MSW and research effective and inexpensive stabilization chemicals and effective technique of distilling heavy metals to reduce the secondary pollution caused by the heavy metal of MSWI fly ash.     

城市生活垃圾堆放对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响

为了探究城市生活垃圾堆放对土壤细菌群落结构组成、多样性和功能的影响,通过高通量测序技术,哈尔滨市双城区垃圾堆放土壤和距离垃圾堆放50m的土壤细菌群落结构进行分析及功能预测.结果 表明:对照组和处理组分别得到85435和76432条有效序列;相较于未堆放土壤,堆放生活垃圾的土壤细菌Chao1指数降低14.47％,细菌Sh...     

The Effect of Spraying Concentrated Biogas on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Seedling

[Objective] The effect of concentrated biogas slurry on growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings was studied in this experiment, and theoretical basis for the rational application of concentrated biogas slurry was provided. [Method] Potted cotton seedlings was sprayed by five different dosages of concentrated biogas slurry, the impact of different spraying quantity (163 mL·hm^－2, 326 mL·hm^－2, 489 mL·hm^－2, 668 mL·hm^－2, 815 mL·hm^－2) after spraying time (after spraying 2nd day, 4th day, 6th day) on cotton seedlings growth and physiological indexes were studied. [Results] The results showed that the suitable quantity of spraying of concentrated biogas slurry had promoting effect to the cotton growth and development, the excess concentrated biogas slurry could inhibit the growth of cotton seedlings. The plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf area of spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing are the highest, the average of two batches on the 6th day after spraying are 21.15%, 35.95%, 18.84% higher than CK, respectively. Spraying concentrated biogas slurry can improve cotton seedlings chlorophyll content, soluble sugar contents, soluble protein content. Spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing is the highest in both batches, the average of two batches is 18.84%, 24.03%, 3.16% higher than CK, respectively. The result of concentrated biogas slurry onseedlings leaves took effect quickly, especially in 0～4th days. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the suitable amount of concentrated biogas slurry has a positive effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings, which is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings of cotton and provides the basis for the later growth of cotton.