Reduction of Titanium Oxide and Thickening of Blast Furnace Slag Bearing Higher Titania

The slag samples that have some titanium oxide reduction grade are reduced with blast furnace slag taken from Pan Zhi Hua Iron & Steel (Group) Co. in site. Then the viscosity and free running temperature of slag samples were measured in laboratory. With the increasing of reduction grade the viscosity and free running temperature of slags would have rising tendency. The mineral structure of the samples is observed in optical microscope, and quantitative analysis of TiC, TiN in the slag samples is made with image analysiser. The results show that the thickening of titanium slag has relationship with the amount of TiC, TiN, which was reduced from titania. So the usage of titanium oxide reduction grade as the index of thickening in blast furnace process is reasonable, and which could represent characteristic of the blast furnace smelting iron ore bearing titanium and vanadium.     

遥感技术在植物氮营养诊断和推荐施肥中的应用之研究进展

·通过对遥感技术在作物氮营养诊断方面的研究与最新进展进行了综述，系统评价了高光谱遥感技术、可见光数字图像技术和卫星遥感技术在作物氮营养诊断与氮肥推荐方面的原理、优缺点以及目前的研究现状。认为遥感技术在作物氮营养诊断方面仍然存在技术复杂与设备昂贵等方面的问题，但随着技术的发展，遥感技术在未来精确养分管理方面有广阔的应用前景。     

Generation mean analysis of leaf chlorophyll concentration from mid-silking to physiological maturity in some tropical maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under low and high nitrogen dosages

Genetic control of the leaf chlorophyll concentration (LCC) in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes has not been established, especially at different reproduction growth stages under low and high nitrogen (N). A generation mean analysis study was conducted to identify the genetic effects that govern the LCC from mid-silking to physiological maturity under high (120?kg?N?ha^?1) and low (60?kg?N?ha^?1) (N) regimes for two seasons in a randomized complete block design with two replications during main and offseason of year 2009 at Inyala Agricultural Training Institute in Mbeya, Tanzania. This study revealed that mid-parent heterosis for the LCC increased with growth stages under both N dosages but it was more pronounced under low N dosage. Generally, genetic effects for LCC were more easily estimable under high than under low N dosage. Additive gene effects decreased with growth stage, whereas dominance effects increased, irrespective of the genotype and N regime. All genetic effects except dominance?×?dominance interaction were significant at some stages only in cross T20?×?N_G8. The ratio of fixable (additive plus additive?×?additive) to the non-fixable (dominance plus additive?×?dominance, and dominance?×?dominance) genetic effects was 74?C26?% under high N dosage, and 35?C65?% under the low N dosage for the T20?×?C58, while for the T20?×?N_G8, the ratio was 37?C63?% under high N dosage, and 20?C80?% under the low N dosage. The trend observed suggest that fixable effects are preponderant under the high N dosage in one cross, while non-fixable effects prevailed under the low N dosage in the other cross.     

Surface Treatment and Coating Technologies on Gears

TiN and C:N coatings are made on 20CrMo gears by PVD(Physical Vapour Deposition) technology and DFAD(Direct current Filtered Arc Deposition) technology. Then the authors puts forward the test rig, working under the conditions of 1 800 rpm,12 N.m for 50 h, and the observations by body-microscope show that reducing wear and anti-wearing performance greatly enhanced when C:N film is used, TiN coatings can however, because the hardness of gears is evidently decreased when coating was processing. Direct current Filtered Arc Deposition(DFAD) technology are used on gears to improve the performance of reducing wear and anti-wearing.     

PHASE ANALYSIS OF TITANIUM NITRIDE IN SLAG CONTAINING VANADIUM, TITANIUM. ( DISTIILATION-COULOMB TITRATION )

TiN is separated from orther Nitride by 1:2 Hcl, and the residue of TiN is heated with concentrated H2SO4-K2SO4 until the smoke rises from it followed by adding exceeded NaoH and by heating distillation. Using NaBr as electrolysis solution, the double platinum electrode is used to conduct the electrolysis. At the constent current of 30 mA. When it reaches the end point indicated by the dead stop method, record the time so as to calculrte the conten of TiN.     

THE STUDY FOR LARGE INCLUSIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL (1Crl8Ni9Ti) DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING

This paper presents the process of stainless steel ( 1Crl8Ni9Ti) in continuous casting,the components and their shapes,origins and distributions of the large inclusions existing in the steel,as well as the influence on its quality. By the observation through a microscope,the structural analysis adopting x-ray examinating instrument and the measunement for the microzone of billet employing the electronic probe.it has been found that the large inclusions of continuous billet mainly originate from the slag-sweeping of the tundisy and mold. There are mostly spherical-slag in addition to Ti(C.N) in the inclusions. The calculations in theory point out that the siO2in the slag can' t change Ti(C,N) into TiO2,however,it can assimilate with Ti(C.N). The large inclusions affect the quality of the steel plate and tube greatly. As a result,this paper proposes the measures of reducing the large inclusions in the steel.     

中华钙果研究现状概述

为全面、系统了解中华钙果的特性及研究现状,从中华钙果的主要用途、品种培育、果实特性、栽培技术及产品深加工等方面对目前已有的研究进行归纳总结.目前的研究中还存在苗木品质不高,影响成活率及果品质量;苗木种植和产品后续加工不能配套跟进,种植风险大、产品附加值不能充分发挥;消费者认知程度不够等问题.今后需加强规模化繁育、生物制...     

内蒙古典型草原土壤N2、N2O、NO和CO2排放的研究

为了进一步了解内蒙古典型草原生长季内主要温室气体氧化亚氮（N2O）、一氧化氮（NO）和二氧化碳（CO2）及反硝化终产物N2的排放,本研究采用氦环境培养--气体同步直接测定法,在不同土壤温度（5°C和20°C）和不同土壤含氧量（10%和20%）条件下,关注不同放牧处理土壤N2、N2O、NO和CO2排放。结果显示,不同放牧处理土壤N2、N2O、NO和CO2排放速率分别为0.3~2.0 [μgN/(h?kg)]、0.02~0.4 [μgN/(h?kg)]、0.08~0.7 [μgN/(h?kg)]和0.01~1.9 [mg C/(h?kg)],N2排放为N2O的8~17倍。由于较大的空间变异性,并未观测到不同放牧处理对土壤N2、N2O、NO和CO2排放的影响。土壤温度升高和湿度增加能促进N2、N2O、NO和CO2的排放,而土壤O2含量对其排放的影响不显著。     

梨病毒病及无病毒化栽培综述

概述了中国梨的几种重要病毒病:梨环纹花叶病毒病(PRPMV)、梨脉黄病毒病(PVYV)、榅桲矮化病毒病(QSV)、苹果茎沟病毒病(ASGV)、梨石痘病毒病(PSPV)及其危害性,较全面地介绍了目前梨病毒病的几种检测方法。现在研究认为,以PCR技术和核酸分子杂交技术为基础的分子生物学方法结合较成熟的ELISA检测以及电镜观察能比较准确、快速地检测出中国梨的病毒病;热处理、茎尖培养、微体嫁接、化学制剂处理及其联合应用为梨病毒的脱毒提供了有效途径;并根据梨无毒苗的生长特点提出了梨无病毒化栽培的管理技术。     

The Study on Smelting Ti-Si Ferroalloy by DC Electrothermal Process Using PISC Blast Furnace Titaniferous Slag

The new process for semiting Ti-Si ferroalloy using Panzhihua Iron & Steel Company (PISC) blast furnace titaniferous slag is introduced. The reduction and impoverishment law of TiO2 in slag and the effects of DC on smelting Ti-Si ferroalloy are studied when smelting Ti-Si ferroalloy by electrosilicothermal method,Ti-Si ferroalloy containing about 20% Ti can be produced by electrosilicothermal method. and Ti recovery rate is less than 60 %. And then, electrosilicoaluminothermal method is developed, by which Ti-Si ferroalloy containing Ti more than 30% and Si less than 35 % can be produced, and Ti recovery rate is higher than 80%. Ti-Si ferroalloy can replace TiFe martially in steelmaking,and residue slag can be used to make cement.     

Recycling Technology of Aged Asphalt Pavement

Firstly,the current development of the technologies for recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP) in China and abroad is introduced in this study.The theoretic evidence is supplied for the feasibility and means of the recycling technology for RAP by analyzing the aged asphalt recycling mechanism.On the basis of it,a series of recycling processes for RAP are stated in detail,including the performance assessment of RAP,mix design and construction techniques of recycling asphalt mixture.The traits and actual example of different construction techniques for RAP supplied a good consultation for its reasonable choice.All of them would play a role in the research,application and spread of the recycling technologies for RAP in China.     

高值果蔬采后保鲜技术研究进展

高值果蔬具有较高营养价值、经济价值和市场需求,但其在采收及贮运环节极易出现褐变和腐烂等损耗的情况,导致商品价值降低,影响产业健康发展。同时,随着人们对食品安全问题的普遍关注,研究和开发高效、安全、环保的高值果蔬保鲜技术具有重要意义。综述了国内外高值果蔬保鲜技术研究进展,根据近年研究热点,重点介绍了气调保鲜、纳米保鲜、1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理、褪黑素处理、拮抗菌保鲜、天然提取物保鲜、基因工程保鲜技术的作用机制及在几种高值果蔬上的应用效果,分析了各种保鲜技术的优缺点和存在的问题,并提出未来高值果蔬保鲜技术研究的发展方向和应用前景,以期为高值果蔬保鲜新技术的研究和开发提供借鉴与参考。     

不同C/N条件下菌酶制剂对牛粪堆肥进程的影响

本研究以牛粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥原料,设置不同C/N处理组（分别为25/1、30/1、35/1）,通过添加外源菌剂（枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉菌、细黄链霉菌）和酶制剂（纤维素酶和蛋白酶）进行好氧堆肥,研究其对进程中温度、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾指标的影响。结果表明,不同C/N条件下添加菌酶制剂能够提高高温期的平均温度,各组温度均能够达到《粪便无害化卫生标准》(GB 7959—1987)要求;添加菌酶制剂可以有效地促进有机物的降解;对堆体的含氮量有明显的提升作用;使全磷、全钾的相对含量增加;通过对堆肥进程中各项指标变化特性的综合分析,C/N为35/1的C8组（添加枯草芽孢杆菌+黑曲霉菌+细黄链霉菌组）的堆肥效果最好。     

Pathways to improving the N efficiency of grazing bovines

Livestock production has been identified as a major source of nitrogen (N) losses. Therefore, it is important to reduce N output through animal excretions by improving N utilisation by the animal. The objective of this paper is to identify pathways for producing grass-based diets that maximise bovine N utilisation during grazing, based on literature on the interface of plant and animal sciences. The focus is on Western-European perennial ryegrass-based systems under rotational grazing and both beef and dairy production systems are considered.

Three pathways have been identified through which more efficient N utilisation by grazing bovines can be achieved by manipulation of the chemical composition of the grass forage: (1) matching protein supply to animal requirements, (2) balancing and synchronising carbohydrate and N supply in the rumen, and (3) increasing the proportion of rumen undegradable protein (RUP).

Matching the diet requirements of grazing bovines through herbage manipulation encompasses the manipulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of growing herbage. These C and N contents vary both spatially within the grass sward and over time. Under grazing conditions, grassland management tools, such as the length of the regrowth period, grazing intensity, fertiliser N application rate and herbage variety are the main pathways to manipulate C and N dynamics. Regrowth length, N application rate and high sugar varieties were shown to be the most promising grassland management tools with respect to manipulating herbage quality and subsequent bovine N efficiency. However, these management tools are interrelated and may show adverse effects on production.

Due to the complex nature of interactions, modelling is essential in order to quantify and predict the effect of any combination of herbage management tools under specific circumstances.

Areas in which additional research is required are the fractionation of N compounds in herbage as affected by herbage management, and the effect of high sugar varieties on bovine N efficiency under a range of herbage management combinations.     

樟子松根际土壤解磷细菌的筛选、鉴定及解磷能力

以磷酸钙为难溶态磷,从樟子松根际土壤分离筛选高效解磷细菌,采用透明圈法分离解磷细菌,以解磷效率为指标定量筛选高效菌株,通过生理生化指标测定结合16S rRNA序列系统发育树构建鉴定菌株,并利用单因素方法分析研究不同碳源、氮源及 C/N比值对菌株解磷能力的影响。结果表明:分离筛选得到11株解磷细菌,筛选得到2株高效解磷细菌A43和A54,初步鉴定菌株A43和A54均为Pseudomonas koreensis,A43在碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为硫酸铵,A54在碳源为蔗糖,氮源为硝酸钠,C/N比均为20:1条件下,菌株解磷效果最佳。试验筛选的高效解磷细菌为进一步制备樟子松促生微生物菌肥打下良好基础。     

Summary of Magnetic Bearing and Application Research

Magnetic Bearing, a new type of bearing, have been regarded widely in the field of engineering and science because of its excellent performances, non-contact,high speed,long life, lubricant, and broad application , as one of reseach objects in the field of mechan-electronical engineering and control. The history, category ,advantages, research status ,control methods and development trend are presented,as well as some problems which need more studies. The research is emphasized in the application and digital control technologies of DC active magnetic bearing in high power and high speed rotary machines.     

不同修复技术去除水中锑的研究进展

为了研究锑修复技术，综述了国内外近10年的研究。本综述首先介绍了环境中锑的化学形态和锑的污染来源，从这些相关方面了解和发展锑修复技术。锑的常见去除技术包括：吸附法、混凝沉淀法、电化学法，它们的优点和缺点都有提及。文章主要汇总吸附法的进展详情。近几年的研究主要聚焦在有效且廉价的吸附剂上，例如碳材料、生物质、矿物和金属氧化物，各种材料吸附Sb(III, V)的吸附容量和其他的详情都准确罗列于表中，其他方面包括经济性和吸附机制都已进行讨论。目前的修复方法难以满足需求，今后应加强对锑的吸附研究。因此，高效吸附剂的开发和制备是非常重要的     

减氮适墒提高冬小麦旗叶光合潜力和籽粒产量

针对目前小麦高产栽培中大量投入氮肥引起的土壤板结、肥效降低等突出问题,2013-2014和2014-2015年度大田条件下设置自然降水(W1)、适墒(W2, 70%±5%)、足墒(W3, 80%±5%) 3个水分处理和3个氮肥水平处理,即不施氮肥(N1)、减氮(N2, 195 kg hm-2)和高氮(N3, 270 kg hm-2),研究了不同水肥条件对冬小麦旗叶功能期内光响应曲线特征参数、水分利用效率和籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响。在W1和W2条件下,N2处理不同时期旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的光响应曲线逐渐上升的幅度均高于N1和N3处理,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)光响应曲线下降的幅度也大于N1和N3处理;在W3条件下,N2、N3光响应曲线的变化趋势相近。N2W2处理的旗叶光合参数在开花期最具优势,最大净光合速率为33.20 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1,光饱和点达1507.4 μmol m?2 s?1,分别比其他处理平均提高21.4%和9.5%,而光补偿点最低,表现出较高的光合潜能。连续两年产量结果显示,N2W2处理穗粒数和千粒重在9个处理中最高,差异显著(P < 0.01);籽粒产量在9500 kg hm-2以上,水分利用效率比W2和W3条件下的其他处理平均提高18.8%。上述结果表明,在适墒条件下施氮量从270 kg hm-2减少至195 kg hm-2,能充分发挥旗叶功能期的光合潜力,增加穗粒数和千粒重,提高籽粒产量。     

棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制

棉花轻简化栽培是指采用现代农业装备代替人工作业、减轻劳动强度,简化种植管理、减少田间作业次数,农机农艺融合,实现棉花生产轻便简捷、节本增效的耕作栽培方式和方法。本文对轻简化栽培内涵、关键技术内容和相关生理生态学机制进行了总结性评述。实现棉花生产的轻便简捷、节本增效,依赖于轻简化栽培的关键技术,包括精准播种或轻简育苗技术,经济施肥技术、节水灌溉技术、集中成铃技术等。单粒精播的壮苗机制在于棉花种子萌发出苗时,其弯钩形成关键基因HLS1与COP1和下胚轴伸长关键基因HY5与ARF2的差异表达;密植减免整枝机制在于密植引起棉株激素合成代谢相关基因差异表达,抑制了叶枝的生长;轻简栽培棉花的丰产稳产机制在于棉花产量构成、生物量和经济系数的适应性协同;依据适宜叶面积指数及其动态,适宜株高、节枝比和棉柴比等量化指标,可以有效塑造高光效群体,实现优化成铃和集中成铃与采收;轻简施肥的依据在于棉花对肥料N的吸收集中在开花后20 d以内,初花肥利用效率最高且主要分配到生殖器官;分区灌溉节水机制在于部分根区灌溉诱导地上部合成茉莉酸,茉莉酸又经韧皮部运至灌水侧根系,增强了该侧根系的吸水能力,提高了水分利用率。展望未来,应在深入研究轻简化植棉生理生态学规律的基础上,进一步改革和优化种植制度,创新关键栽培技术,研制新的物质装备,促进农艺技术和物质装备高度融合,为轻简化植棉提供更加有力的理论和技术支撑,推动棉花生产的可持续发展。     

Production, nitrogen and carbon balance of maize-based forage systems

Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) surplus can be used as indicators of an agroecosystems’ ability to maintain soil fertility. Maize is the key crop of intensive forage systems in northern Italy, and large amounts of manure are often supplied to this crop. Different maize-based cropping systems and manure managements were compared in this paper. The following were assessed, using the results of an 11-year experiment: crop production and N uptakes; C and N surpluses; soil C and N contents. The treatments were maize for silage (Ms), maize for grain (Mg), double annual crop rotation maize–Italian ryegrass (Mr), and rotation maize–grass ley (Ml). Five fertilization management systems were adopted: 0N control, and bovine slurry and farmyard manure supplied at two levels, ranging from 215 to 385 kg ha⁻¹ of total N.

The dry-matter production of Mr was significantly higher than those of the other systems. The response of maize to fertilization was similar in all the cropping systems, except for Mr, for which the crop showed a high reactivity to N input at both fertilizer levels. Soil reserves were rapidly consumed in the unfertilized treatment of Mr, whereas the high productivity potential of this cropping system was exerted in fertilized plots. The introduction of a ley in rotation with maize reduced the system's DM production, due to the low yield potential of grass compared to that of maize, reduced the system response to fertilization, and diminished the exploitation of organic N at high fertilization rates. Cumulated N surplus caused an enrichment of the soil N pool size: 43% of excess N was retained by the soil. The relationship between the cumulated C surplus and the soil C pool size indicated that 26–27% was retained by the soil. Crop residues of the Mg system were less effective in building up the soil C pool than other C sources. Both slurry and farmyard manure exerted a positive effect on the soil C and N retention. When farmyard manure was used, 18% of C and 45% of surplus N were incorporated into the soil organic matter (SOM). Slurry also built up the SOM content, resulting in 9% of C and 24% of N surplus.