不同基质活性炭对阿特拉津吸附特性研究

为了解决阿特拉津给土壤带来的污染问题以及寻找吸附效果较好的活性炭基质,本研究利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测了阿特拉津溶液和悬浮液经煤、木、果和竹质4种生物炭处理后的残留量,并对其在阿特拉津溶液和土壤中的吸附动态进行检测。结果表明,煤质活性炭对初始浓度为100 mg/L和10 mg/L的阿特拉津溶液和悬浮液的吸附效果较好,其吸附率为5.651%~68.42%;当阿特拉津初始浓度为100 mg/L时,煤质活性炭在40 min时对阿特拉津溶液的吸附率高达23.49%;与对照组相比,当阿特拉津的初始浓度为100 mg/L时,土壤中阿特拉津经煤质活性炭处理42天后的残留浓度最低,活性炭吸附率达到91.39%。综上,煤质活性炭能有效降解溶液及土壤中阿特拉津含量,这将为阿特拉津污染土壤的改良研究奠定基础。     

Performance analysis of 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol Adsorption by Modified GAC

The removal effect of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (TCP) by five kinds of activated carbon (GAC0、GACH、GACF、GACF1M1、GACF1M3)were investigated. And it was found that the adsorption capacity was 160,178,207,194 and 238 mg/g, respectively. With the further study of GACF1M3’s performance, it was shown that adsorption capacity increased with initial concentration increasing, and decreased with temperature increasing. When the temperature was changed from 30℃ to 45℃, the removal rate would reduce slightly. The dosage increased from 10 mg to 500 mg, the removal effect improved significantly. Acidic condition was more favorable for the adsorption of TCP. Upon the analysis of the reaction kinetics, it was found that the reaction could be simulated with pseudo second order kinetic model. With XRD and SEM, the main metal oxide composites of GACF1M3 were Fe3O4、Mn3O4、FeOx(MnO)1-x.     

Removal of H2S Derived from Livestock Farm on Activated Carbon Modified by Copper Sulfate

At present, the malodorous gases as a main environmental problem derived from livestock farm have been taken seriously. Meanwhile, it is urgent to eliminate the odor pollution. The combination of high-pressure hydrothermal method and impregnation CuSO4 method is used to modify the raw activated carbon. The adsorption performance of H2S derived from livestock farm on modified activated carbon (MAC) has been investigated at different conditions in self-made fixed bed. The results show that, lower temperature makes for H2S physical adsorption on MAC, but it against chemical adsorption on it. The ability of H2S chemical adsorption improves with the increasing temperature, at the same time, the ability of H2S physical adsorption weakens. The optimal adsorption temperature is 80℃, which balances the chemical adsorption and physical adsorption on MAC. The gas flow rate goes up with the space velocity increases. The time that H2S stays in fixed bed is shortened and the H2S adsorption capacity on MAC declines as well. The H2S removal efficiency and breakthrough time on MAC decreases along with the increase of the H2S concentration in the range of 150-850 mg/m 3. Moreover, the physical and chemical structures of raw activated carbon and MAC have been characterized by FTIR, TPD, Boehm methods. The results demonstrate that the pore structure of the activated carbon, the types of carbon functional groups and the surface basic of activated carbon have significant influence on the H2S adsorption ability on activated carbon.     

KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的研究

活性炭是一种疏松多孔的碳单质,具有吸附作用,已在诸多领域广泛应用,例如,食品加工、军事化学防护、环境保护等。针对沙柳枝木的利用现状,选取KOH为活化剂并且采用微波法制备沙柳枝木活性炭,研究了活化剂辐射时间、质量浓度、液料比、辐射功率、浸渍时间等因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响,通过对单因素试验结果的正交优化,得出活性炭制备的最佳方法如下：KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：液料比4:1、浸渍时间18 h、辐照功率560 W、辐照时间20 min,该工艺条件下所制备的活性炭成品碘吸附值为1011.01 mg/g,达到了GB/T 13803.2—1999中一级品标准。     

响应面法优化酶-超临界CO2萃取联用提取

以雪莲果为试材,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取辅助酶法提取雪莲果菊糖工艺。结果表明,酶-超临界CO2萃取联用提取雪莲果菊糖最佳工艺为：雪莲果粉碎度80目,木瓜蛋白酶用量10 mg/g,萃取压力32 MPa,萃取温度52 ℃,CO2流量30 L/h,此时雪莲果菊糖得率可达84.37%。酶-超临界CO2萃取联用提取法较传统提取法（酶法、微波法、超临界CO2萃取法）相比,无论提取时间还是菊糖得率都有明显的提升。     

微波裂解稻壳制备活化炭的工艺研究

为了推动生物质产业链,进一步开发生物质能,从而充分有效地利用农林有机废弃物,通过微波裂解稻壳制得稻壳炭,用化学活化法制备高品质的活性炭。采用碱溶法(NaOH)除去稻壳炭中SiO2,固体碳通过化学活化法来制备高质量活性炭。选取活化剂质量比、浸渍时间、活化温度、活化时间4个因素,每个因素三水平,通过正交试验对最佳活化剂制备活性炭的工艺条件进行优化,提高稻壳的综合利用率。以碘吸附值为主要品质衡量指标。通过单因素和正交实验确定最佳活化工艺条件为以氢氧化钠作为活化剂,炭碱比为1:2,活化温度为700℃、活化时间为2 h,浸渍时间为24 h,稻壳活性炭的碘吸附值为965.22 mg/g,超过了净水用活性炭的国家二级品指标,而亚甲基蓝吸附值为148.50 mg/g,达到了净水用活性炭的国家一级品标准。     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取金柑籽中柠檬苦素工艺条件的研究

优化超临界CO2萃取柠檬苦素的工艺条件,为金柑籽中柠檬苦素的开发提供理化依据。采用单因素试验研究夹带剂、夹带剂浓度、萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力和二氧化碳流量对柠檬苦素提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法建立了二次多项式数学模型,并分析模型的有效性与各因素间的交互作用。在萃取压力为33 MPa,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为2.5 h的条件下,柠檬苦素提取率达3.98 g/kg。在最佳条件下得到实验结果与模型预测值吻合,说明所建立的模型是切实可行的。超临界CO2萃取技术的运用,有利于柠檬苦素提取的工业化推广和应用。