Diffusion Kinetics of Reaction Between Aluminum Melts and Amorphous Silica

The microstructures and kinetics of reaction between aluminum and amorphous silica are investigated by making use of advantages of silica glass's larger dimension.Al/Al2O3 composite microstructures can be synthesized by longer time reaction and the diffusion transit layer is discovered between aluminum melts and the Al/Al2O3 composite layer.The growth kinetics of diffusion transit layer and Al/ Al2O3 composite layer are also measured and discussed.The effect of silicon element on the diffusion transit layer and the composite layer' kinetics is discussed and parabola growth kinetics of Al/Al2O3 composite layer is determined.     

Formation Model of Alumina in the Course of Directed Oxidation of Aluminum Magnesium Alloy

By analyzing the characteristics of magnesium volatilization and linear growth kinetic of Al/ Al_2O_(3 )in directed oxidation of Al-Mg alloy, as the formation process of MgO is considered to be the process of which Al_2O_(3)dissolved in the scale MgO and MgO is partially n-type oxide, formation condition of Al_2O_(3)is established easily in the coure of oxidation. Volatilization of magnesium is to promote the growth of p-type MgO in the surface layer and the formation of Al_2O_(3 )in the inner layer of n-type MgO, and to promote the transformation of MgO toMgAl_2O_(4).MgAl_2O_(4)plays an important role in the formation process of Al_2O_(3), growth stress between MgO and MgAl_2O_(4)cause the formation of cavity in the MgAl_2O_(4 )and aluminum alloy melts is easier to transfer to oxidation front by means of this cavity. The transformation velocity ofMgO to MgAl_2O_(4 )depends on growth kinetic of Al_2O_(3),the faster transformation velocity of MgO to MgAl_2O_(4)is main reason that growth kinetic of Al/Al_2O_(3)transformation exhibits linear relationship.     

Research of Al2O3 influences on the abrasion resistance of E-coatings on magnesium alloy

The cathodic electrodeposition coatings(E-coatings) with silane modifying ceramics are prepared on magnesium alloy for improving the abrasion resistance of organic E-coating. Hardness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, circle-drawing method and abrasion resistance are evaluated by pencil hardness, UMT abrasion test system, and Machu test. The results show that the abrasion resistance and hardness of E-coatings are enhanced by adding Al2O3 ceramic powders. Meanwhile, corrosion resistance and adhesion of E-coatings remain unchanged.     

Materials Hydrogen Storage V3TiNi0.56Al0.2 by Self-propagating High-temperature synthesis

With the help of the calculation of adiabatic temperature and thermodynamic analysis of the reactive system the autaurs discuss possibility about system of V 2O 5-TiO 2-Al by Self-propagating High-temperature synthesis(SHS).Hydrogen Storage V 3TiNi 0.56 Al 0.2 by SHS is studied by XRD,SEM and scanning electron microscopy.The experiment result indicates that it has same microstructure between synthesization by SHS and other ways.PCT curve indicated that alloy has certain hydrogen storage capability,saturated capacity of hydrogen storage is 0.092 L/g,which is a little lower than alloy by other ways.     

Investigation on the reaction characteristics of methane catalytic partial oxidation in a micro-channel

The reaction characteristics of fuel-lean CH4 catalytic partial oxidation over Rh are investigated numerically in a micro-channel, by using detailed elementary mechanism, focusing on the effects of inlet temperature, equivalence ratio of CH4/O2 and added H2O on catalytic partial oxidation of CH4. The results show that over Rh surface reaction of CH4 is kinetically controlled, while that of O2 is controlled by mass transport. Duo to the high reactivity of O2, CH4 is firstly oxidized and both complete and partial oxidation products are generated. After O2 is consumed, steam reforming begins, however, CO2 reforming does not appear. Increase of the equivalence ratio of C/O leads to increase of carbon deposition at reforming zoon, as thus both conversion of CH4 and production of syngas decrease, even the reforming process is stopped. The added H2O could dramatically inhibit carbon deposition, and promote the formation of H2 and CO2.     

Smelting AlMnSi alloy by Using High-bearing Manganese Slag

First smelting MnSi alloy by using high-bearing manganese slag of BF by electric smelting process in a 25 kVA arc furnace in lab has been introduced. In order to increase the content of manganese and silicon in MnSi alloy , a little amount of MgO is added into the slag and the lower alkalinity has been adapted. Then smelting AlMnSi alloy using MnSi alloy containing high silicon that obtained by experiments and waste Al with an induction furnace has been studied. The controlling of temperature is the key in smelting process. The high quality AlMnSi alloy has been obtained successfully,Which can be extensively used for the compound oxygen removal agent for making steel and the metal alloy additive.     

土壤调理剂对蜜柚产量、品质及土壤性状的影响

通过研究连续3年施用土壤调理剂硅钙钾镁肥对蜜柚产量、品质和土壤性状的影响,了解硅钙钾镁肥的合理用量,为科学施用提供理论依据。结果表明,施用硅钙钾镁肥3年,虽然受蜜柚树体本身差异以及大小年(2015年为高产年)的影响,各年度大部分处理的蜜柚产量均有不同程度的提高,对蜜柚个数和裂果率影响不大。施入不同用量的硅钙钾镁肥能不同程度提高蜜柚Vc含量、可溶性糖含量,总酸含量变化不明显,酸度平均值呈现下降趋势,糖酸比差异并不显著。3年施用硅钙钾镁肥能提高土壤p H值、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量,增强土壤抗酸化能力。考虑到成本因素,硅钙钾镁肥以750 kg/hm~2的用量对蜜柚增产效果及品质最好。     

Experiment of the Influence of Manganese Oxide on the Prosperities of High Alumina Content BF Slag

Alumina content in Nanjing Steel blast furnace slag is up to 19%, which results in worse slag fluidity, higher furnace operating temperature and higher silicon content of hot metal. Therefore blast furnace strengthening is reduced. Aiming at this problem, an by laboratory experiments the viscosity of simulating Nanjing Steel BF slag samples are measured after adding MnO, which are made up of analytically pure chemical reagents. And according to the experimental results, the influence of MnO on the properties of high alumina content BF slag is analyzed and the methods of reducing silicon content of hot metal in Nanjing Steel is educed. The results showed that the addition of MnO in high Al2O3 content slag has stronger effects on viscosity decreasing, and the decreasing of slag viscosity would make it possible to reduce the operating temperature of the blast furnace, which would result in decreasing of silicon content of hot metal.     

Analysis on the viscosity of six different compound smelting reduction slag

In combination with Huimin high-phosphorus iron smelted by smelting reduction and HIsmelt ironmaking technologywhich have the advantages of high efficient dephosphorizationCaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO-P2O5 slags with basicity R (mass ratio of CaO to SiO2)ranging from 0.8 to 1.4Al2O3 ranging from 6.4% to 15.4%P2O5 ranging from 0 to 3% and the content of MgO and FeO fixed as 4% and 6% respectivelyare studied.The slags are synthesized by reagent grade.The mineral composition and microstructure of the slags are studied with scanning electron microscope and the effects of changes in the composition of smelting reduction slags on its viscosity are studied by RTW-10 melt comprehensive physical properties measuring apparatus.Results show that the mineral structure of slags are mainly composed of melilite(gehlenite and akermanite)which is characterized by square and thick skeleton form.The viscosity decreases with the increasing of the slag basicity at fixed P2O5 or Al2O3 mass fractionincreases with the increasing of Al2O3 mass fraction at fixed slag basicity or P2O5 mass fractionand increases with the increasing of P2O5 mass fraction at fixed slag basicity or Al2O3 mass fraction.     

Genotypic differences in wheat Al tolerance

Summary Aluminium tolerance of 83 genotypes from Croatian and Yugoslav Triticum aestivum germplasm was evaluated in nutrient solutions having Al³⁺ activities of 0, 12.5 and 25 M. Relative root length (25 M Al³⁺/0 Al) of various genotypes ranged from 2 to 97% (from very sensitive to tolerant to Al). No genotype with Al tolerance close to that of very tolerant cultivar Atlas-66 was found. Soil, climatic, fertilization, and liming effects that wheat plants giving seeds for the nutrient solution Al-tolerance screening had been subjected to during their growth cycle did not influence the Al-tolerance ranking. Significant correlation was found between screening wheat for Al tolerance in nutrient solutions and in acid Pseudogley soil amended with five rates of limestone in a greenhouse experiment. Seed protein concentration was significantly related to the Al-tolerance ranking (r² = 0.962). Such a significant correlation was not obtained in a case of rheological and other quality characteristics of seeds. Al-tolerant wheat genotypes identified in this study will be used in breeding for improved Al tolerance.Abbreviations HSD Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference - RRL-2 relative root length, in % (12.5 M Al³⁺/0 Al) - RRL-4 relative root length, in % (25 M Al³/0 Al)     

硅钙镁磷钾肥用量对油菜产量及磷钾吸收利用的影响

为探讨硅钙镁磷钾肥在油菜上施用效果,于2013—2014年在安徽省通过采用田间小区试验,研究了硅钙镁磷钾肥不同用量与习惯施肥磷钾减半(CF2)配合施用对油菜产量、磷钾吸收利用及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,施用硅钙镁磷钾肥较习惯施肥能够有效提高油菜产量,且随着施用量的增加而增大,比习惯施肥(CF1)增产4.0%~20.8%,比习惯施肥(CF1和CF2)磷钾减半(CF2)增产10.2%~28.0%。施用硅钙镁磷钾肥通过提高每荚粒数来增加油菜产量。油菜籽粒磷、钾含量和吸收量随硅钙镁磷钾肥施用量增加而不断增大,用量达到1500 kg/hm2(T100)高于农民习惯施肥处理。施用硅钙镁磷钾肥能够有效提高土壤p H、有效钙和有效镁含量,而对土壤有机质和碱解氮含量无明显影响。硅钙镁磷钾肥合理施用可以明显提高油菜产量、磷钾养分吸收和收获后土壤养分含量,硅钙镁磷钾肥用量以1500 kg/hm2(T100)在油菜上施用效果最佳。     

The Calculation of Section of Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 System and Its Verification

The basic phase is selected according to the measured phase diagram, two isothermal sections and two vertical sections of the Al 2O 3-CaO-SiO 2 ternary system are calculated using FACT software. The sections in the same conditions are described through the measured phase diagram. Because of the complexity of this ternary system, there is a large difference between the measured and the calculated phase diagram. It is necessary for FACT to ameliorate the calculation model and perfect the database in calculating oxide system which the interaction is strong. For this kind system, the isothermal section and vertical section should be founded through the experiment result and referencing the calculated phase diagram at the same time.     

Research Status and Development of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

The characters of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy are reviewed. The effects of main alloying elements on microstructures and properties, mechanical properties, grain refinement and superplasticity of AZ31 magnesium alloy are discussed. Future development directions and application areas are also introduced, noting that new forming technology magnesiumbased composites and the basis theory of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy should be future research emphases.     

The Study on Non-Metallic Inclusions in High Speed Tcol Steel M2Al

The motphology amount,size and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in highspoed tool steeis M2Al and M2 have ben studyed by oberving the blocksample and electrolytic ex-tracting inclusion powder with quantitative microscope,SEM and chemical analyzing techniques.Itwas shown that the amount,sise and nonuniformity of distribution of inclusions all increase evi-dently because of the addition of aluminum,and the situation is caused mainly by the increase of theamount of Al2O3 inclusion and its composites.     

Investigation and application of jet aeration technology in the oxidation process of desulfurization slurry

The calcium sulfite oxidation rate is an important indicator to judge the efficiency of wet limestone/gypsum flue gas desulfurization process used by high-sulfur-coal power plant. Jet aeration technology which integrates aeration and stir into one apparatus is proposed to implement the forced oxidation of limestone/gypsum flue gas desulfurization in order to improve the oxidation rate. The working principle of jet aeration oxidation in desulfurization slurry is investigated. ANSYS CFX is used to simulate the flow field inside the desulfurization slurry tank and obtain the best installation method of jet aerator which makes the mixing and stirring effect of slurry ideal: 3 jet aerators are uniformly installed at the height of 0.8m up from the bottom of slurry tank with their axis perpendicular to the tank wall. The air suction flowrate of jet aerators is tested under the best installation method in the on-site application test of the X protection company of Chongqing. The oxidation rate of calcium sulfite in desulfurization slurry is also tested by using iodometric method. The results show that the total air suction flowrate of jet aerators is 59.52 m 3/h which meets the requirement of slurry oxidation air quantity and the oxidation rate of calcium sulfite in desulfurization slurry reaches 87.6% after two-hour oxidation by using jet aeration.     

Alumina-based Composite Materials for Prefabricated Iron Runner

The relationship between the properties of the composite and the addition of the preventing crack additives, dispersion agent, SiC, graphite, stainless steel fiber have been researched. Finally, alumina-based composite materials used for prefabricated iron runner with better ratio of properties and price has been developed by the studying of the properties and microstructure of alumina based composite materials. The best composition for the iron line is Al 2O 3-14%SiC-5%G-4%SiO 2-2%micropoeder-1%white clay-6%cement;the best composition for the slag line is Al 2O 3-16%SiC-5%G-4%SiO 2-2%micropoeder-1%white clay-6%cement;addition of both is 0.15%Na 5P 3O 10-3B aluminum powder-2%stinless steel fiber. The mechanism on the composite materials eroded by molten iron has also been discussed.     

Numerical Simulation of Eelastoplastic Multi-scales Model for Casting Magnesium Alloy

To realize the transforms of stress and strain and obtain the multi-scale constitutive equation across micro/meso/macro scales.strain-stress curves for magnesium alloy(AM60) and magnesium matrix are carried out with the machine MTS.By means of mixture law,mechanical property of particle is obtained.Based on the character of magnesium alloy structure,the finite element model of unit-cell included complex micro-structures is carried out.Via finite element numerical simulation of magnesium alloy unit-cell,the methodology overcome the limitation of present analytical method.Finally the multi-scale constitutive equation has been used for the analysis of the tensile stress vs. strain curve for magnesium alloy.Results show satisfactory agreement between the stress vs strain curve by the present methodology and the experimental data for AM60.     

铝胁迫对烟草叶片光能利用、光保护系统及活性氧代谢的影响

为了揭示烟草叶片光能利用和光保护系统在铝诱导的活性氧代谢中的作用机理,以2个不同耐铝性的烟草品种云烟100(耐铝)和云烟105(敏感)为材料,采用水培法研究了不同铝浓度(0,50,100,200μmol/L)对烟草植株生长、叶片活性氧含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数、光呼吸、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响。结果表明,铝浓度的升高显著降低了烟草叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P),提高了反应中心PSⅡ过剩激发能,从而导致叶片O_2-·和H2O_2含量升高,植株生物量下降,其中对云烟105影响大于云烟100。随铝处理浓度的升高,烟草叶片非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、光呼吸速率、SOD和APX活性呈先升后降的趋势。与敏感品种云烟105相比,耐铝品种云烟100在不同铝浓度胁迫下表现出更高的ΦPSⅡ、q P、NPQ、光呼吸速率以及SOD和APX活性,说明低浓度铝胁迫下烟草叶片可通过提高光化学反应能力、热耗散、光呼吸以及抗氧化酶活性等途径来降低反应中心PSⅡ过剩激发能,防止或清除活性氧的积累,从而增强其对铝的耐性。     

硫代硫酸钾萃取土壤中重金属及其对玉米苗期的毒理效应

通过在土壤中施入不同浓度的硫代硫酸钾,研究其对土壤中Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Al3+元素的交换态含量。并采用土培试验,通过加入硫代硫酸钾研究其对玉米吸收重金属的影响。结果表明：Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+的浓度随着硫代硫酸钾施入量的增加而增加,Al3+的浓度随着硫代硫酸钾施入量的增加而降低。高浓度的硫代硫酸钾有一定的毒性,能抑制植物的生长发育,显著降低植物的生物量。     

Resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) in faba bean (Vicia faba) based in low induction of broomrape seed germination

Broomrapes are weedy root parasitic plants that severely constraint faba bean production. After long and extensive breeding efforts made in several countries only moderately resistant cultivars are available to farmers, being their resistance based on a combination of avoidance and resistance mechanisms. In this work we characterize the resistance mechanism of two faba bean breeding lines selected for resistance to Orobanche crenata. Mini-rhizotron experiments showed that low induction of seed germination is a major component of resistance in these lines against O. crenata, O. foetida and P. aegyptiaca. This is confirmed by in vitro experiments with root exudates. The fact that low induction of germination is similarly operative against O. crenata, O. foetida and P. aegyptiaca reinforce the value of this resistance.