基于 PCA 和 SVM 的植物叶片分类方法研究

为了提高植物叶片识别与分类的正确率,提出了一种基于 PCA 和 SVM 的植物叶片识别方法,在对叶片图像进行分割、边缘检测后,提取10个具有旋转、比例、平移不变性的无量纲叶片特征参数,对叶片特征参数进行主成分分析,将前3个主成分作为支持向量机的输入建立模式识别模型。实验结果表明,本算法女贞、木瓜、五角枫、三角枫等4种植物叶片的识别正确率达97．22％,优于直接用特征参数作为模型输入的识别正确率,且算法具有良好的实时性。     

基于PCA—SVM的棉花出苗期杂草类型识别

为了实现棉田中不同类型杂草的机器视觉识别,提出基于主成分分析和支持向量机的棉花出苗期杂草识别方法。该方法通过提取棉田图像中棉花和杂草的颜色、形状、纹理等特征,并利用主成分分析(PCA)降低特征变量空间维数,结合支持向量机,实现对棉田杂草类型分类。通过120个棉花杂草测试样本分类试验结果发现,经PCA降维得到的前3个主成分分量能有效减少支持向量机的训练时间和提高分类正确率;通过对比发现前3个主成分分量与径向基核函数支持向量机相结合效果最好,其训练时间为91 ms,平均分类正确率达98.33%。     

基于支持向量机的玉米田间杂草识别方法

提出了一种基于图像处理和支持向量机(SVM)技术的玉米和杂草识别方法.首先根据玉米与杂草、土壤彩色图像的特征提出一类图像灰度化方法,并通过对灰度图像的除噪处理有效地分离目标对象.然后从处理好的图像中提取出目标对象的形状特征参数作为输入特征向量,进而提出玉米田间杂草识别的支持向量机方法.试验结果表明了方法的有效性,通过适当选取核函数识别率可达到98.3%.     

基于多特征降维的植物叶片识别方法

植物种类识别方法主要是根据叶片低维特征进行自动化鉴定。针对低维特征不能全面描述叶片信息,识别准确率低的问题,提出一种基于多特征降维的植物叶片识别方法。首先通过数字图像处理技术对植物叶片彩色样本图像进行预处理,获得去除颜色、虫洞、叶柄和背景的叶片二值图像、灰度图像和纹理图像。然后对二值图像提取几何特征和结构特征,对灰度图像提取Hu不变矩特征、灰度共生矩阵特征、局部二值模式特征和Gabor特征,对纹理图像提取分形维数,共得到2 183维特征参数。再采用主成分分析与线性评判分析相结合的方法对叶片多特征进行特征降维,将叶片高维特征数据降到低维空间。降维后的训练样本特征数据使用支持向量机分类器进行训练。试验结果表明:使用训练后的支持向量机分类器对Flavia数据库和ICL数据库的测试叶片样本进行分类识别,平均正确识别率分别为92.52%、89.97%,有效提高了植物叶片识别的正确率。     

基于特征优化和LS-SVM的棉田杂草识别

为了提高杂草识别的精度和效率,提出了一种基于特征优化和最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）技术的棉田杂草识别方法。在对原始图像灰度化、滤波去噪和阈值分割等处理的基础上,提取植物叶片的6个几何特征和7个Hu不变矩,用粒子群优化（PSO）算法对形状特征进行优化选择,缩减LS-SVM训练样本数据,然后用训练好的分类器进行杂草识别。实验结果表明,该方法在有效缩减形状特征的同时,能够保持高于原始特征集的识别率,平均正确识别率达到     

基于特征优化和LS-SVM的棉田杂草识别

为了提高杂草识别的精度和效率,提出了一种基于特征优化和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)技术的棉田杂草识别方法.在对原始图像灰度化、滤波去噪和阈值分割等处理的基础上,提取植物叶片的6个几何特征和7个Hu不变矩,用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对形状特征进行优化选择,缩减LS-SVM训练样本数据,然后用训练好的分类器进行杂草识别.实验结果表明,该方法在有效缩减形状特征的同时,能够保持高于原始特征集的识别率,平均正确识别率达到95.8%.     

基于图像处理和蚁群优化的形状特征选择与杂草识别

利用叶片形状特征区分杂草和作物是杂草识别的一个重要方法。为了提高杂草识别的精度和效率,通过形态学运算和基于距离变换的阈值分割方法分离交叠叶片,从单个叶片中提取包括几何特征和矩特征的17个形状特征,用蚁群优化（ACO）算法和支持向量机（SVM）分类器进行特征选择和分类识别,选取有利于分类的较优特征并实现特征的优化组合。棉田杂草试验结果表明,该方法能实现分类特征的有效缩减,经优化组合得到的最优特征子集用于杂草识别的准确率达95%以上,识别率高,稳定性好,对识别杂草时如何兼顾准确率和实时性具有参考意义。     

基于遗传选择的支持向量机作物病害图像自动识别技术

为了实现作物病害的计算机识别,提出了一种基于双编码遗传特征选择的支持向量机和病害图像多特征参数识别病害的方法。通过病害图像增强处理,采用基于HIS颜色空间的H分量与大津法(Otsu)结合对病斑图像自动分割,自动提取病斑的特征参数;运用双编码遗传算法优化病斑特征子集,并对其赋予权重,底层构建一对一投票策略的支持向量机分类识别作物病害的方法和途径。应用该方法对烟草病害中多种容易混淆的病害进行实验,结果表明:该方法与没有采用遗传算法的支持向量机相比,在同等条件下,特征向量减少了38%,而正确率却提高了6.29%,具有一定的有效性和实用价值。     

基于SVM-DS多特征融合的杂草识别

为解决单一特征识别杂草的低准确率和低稳定性,提出一种支持向量机(SVM)和DS(Shafer-Dempster)证据理论相结合的多特征融合杂草识别方法.在对田间植物图像处理的基础上,提取植物叶片形状、纹理及分形维数3类特征,分别以3类单特征的SVM分类结果作为独立证据构造基本概率指派(BPA),引入基于矩阵分析的DS融合算法简化决策级融合算法复杂度,根据融合结果及分类判决门限给出最终的识别结果.实验结果表明,多特征决策融合识别方法正确识别率达到96.11％,与单特征识别相比有更好的稳定性和更高的识别率.     

采摘机器人基于支持向量机苹果识别方法

针对目前苹果采摘机器人果实识别过程误差大、处理时间长等问题,应用支持向量机(SVM)方法对苹果果实进行识别.首先采用矢量中值滤波法对苹果彩色图像进行预处理,然后运用区域生长算法和颜色特征相结合的方法进行图像分割,最后分别对苹果彩色图像的颜色特征、几何形状特征进行提取,并用支持向量机的模式识别方法识别苹果果实.实验结果表明:支持向量机识别方法的识别性能优于神经网络方法;综合颜色特征和形状特征的支持向量机识别方法对苹果果实识别的正确率高于只用颜色特征或形状特征的正确率.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。