规模化猪场主要疫病病毒抗体水平的监测与分析

本调查旨在了解当前苏中地区规模化猪场猪瘟(Classic Swine Fever, CSF)、猪口蹄疫(Food and Mouth Disease, FMD)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, PRRS)、猪圆环病毒(Porcine Circovirus, PCV)疫苗免疫水平。收集泰州、扬州、南通、盐城四个地区22家规模化猪场妊娠母猪(497份样品)和保育仔猪(1060份样品)血清,采用ELISA法对血清CSFV、FMDV、PRRSV和PCV-2抗体水平进行监测。结果显示妊娠母猪CSFV、FMDV、PRRSV和PCV-2平均血清抗体阳性率分别为83.70%、86.72%、85.11%和81.29%,保育仔猪CSFV、FMDV、PRRSV和PCV-2平均血清抗体阳性率分别为84.34%、92.08%、90%和72.17%,均超过我国强制性疫苗免疫抗体阳性率标准70%。从整个猪群来看,该地区使用的四类疫苗及免疫手段均能发挥较好的免疫保护作用。     

猪圆环病毒2型的血清流行病学调查

从重庆武隆县猪场及农村散养户采集猪血清286份,用ELISA检测试剂盒对PCV-2抗体进行了检测,结果发现,PCV-2抗体阳性率为79.0%,其中断奶仔猪、育肥猪、经产母猪、种公猪的抗体阳性率分别为76.6%、74.2%、86.2%、82.1%,表明在重庆武隆地区PCV-2感染已普遍存在。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学调查与分析

2004年1月～2005年12月我们用国产ELISA试剂盒,对湖北省部分规模猪场猪圆环病毒2型抗体进行了检测,共检测1816份血清,阳性402份,阳性率22.14%。其中哺乳仔猪148份,全部阴性,断奶仔猪733份,阳性82份,阳性率11.19%,肥育猪145份,阳性46份,阳性率31.72%,后备母猪310份,阳性72份,阳性率23.23%,经产母猪480份,阳性202份,阳性率42.08%。共检测猪场97个,血清学阳性猪场66个,占68.04%。对43份PCV-2阳性和94份PCV-2阴性的PRRS未免血清进行PRRSV病原学检测,PRRSV感染率分别为72.09%、12.77%,表明PCV-2感染会加剧猪群PRRSV感染;对77份PCV-2阳性和114份PCV-2阴性的PRRS已免血清进行免疫抗体检测,PRRS免疫合格率分别为32.17%、72.81%,表明PCV-2感染对PRRSV的免疫应答有明显的抑制作用。     

冀鲁豫交界地区PCV-2和CSFV血清抗体调查

调查了冀鲁豫三省交界地区规模养殖场猪群圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)抗体阳性率与其他地区的差异和流行病学特点、PCV-2抗体阳性率对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗体的影响。在该地区选择了7个猪场采集了222份血清,用ELISA试剂盒检测PCV-2型和CSFV的抗体水平并进行统计学分析。检测结果表明,7个养猪场的猪群都感染过PCV-2,发生疑似感染的猪病例中PCV-2的平均抗体阳性率在62.2%~72.0%之间,高于其他地区。而猪瘟免疫合格率仅有32.4%~42.4%。PCV-2抗体水平高的猪,猪瘟抗体水平低。表明该地区PCV-2的感染情况比较严重。     

2010～2013年玉溪市部分规模化猪场PCV-2血清流行病学调查

为了解玉溪市部分规模化猪场猪圆环病毒(PCV)感染情况,本研究采用ELISA方法对2010年~2013年采集的1 620份血清样品进行PCV-2血清学检测。结果表明,种母猪野毒感染阳性率最高45.64%,其次为种公猪阳性率41.14%,仔猪的阳性率为38.02%,而后备母猪和育肥猪阳性率相对较低,分别为32.11%、18.31%,以上血清学调查结果将为玉溪市PCV-2防治工作的开展提供重要的理论依据。     

南疆某规模化猪场猪瘟病原与抗体的检测分析

研究旨在调查南疆某规模化猪场免疫猪群的猪瘟抗原与抗体水平,为制定适应当地生产条件的免疫程序提供参考。试验运用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对该场免疫猪群的480份血清样品进行抗体检测与分析,并采用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对采集的24份猪瘟疑似病料进行抗原检测。结果显示,对随机采集的480份血清样品进行猪瘟抗体检测,其中449份为阳性样品,阳性率为93.5%;不同类别群体中以母猪的抗体阳性率最高,为97.2%;2～4胎母猪与5～6胎母猪的抗体阳性率为97.8%;22～28 d的阳性率最低,为76.9%;36～50 d的仔猪抗体阳性率最高,为92.3%。对采集的24份猪瘟疑似病料进行抗原检测,显示均为阴性。研究表明,该规模化猪场的猪瘟免疫情况良好,未出现感染情况。     

猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒的多重PCR诊断临床应用研究

为了研究规模猪场病毒性疾病早期、快速诊断方法,试验采用多重PCR方法对来自宁夏灵武地区某种猪场的临床血清进行了猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的病原诊断。结果表明:在哺乳仔猪、保育猪、母猪及种公猪中均检测出PRV、PCV-2阳性个体,PCV-2的阳性率达87.5%,PRV的阳性率为12.5%,但未检测出PPV。临床样品主要为PCV-2和PRV混合感染,阳性率达45.3%,其中1头主要采精的长白种猪携带有PCV-2和PRV。因此,推断该场仔猪发病可能与种公猪的带毒有关,建议该场仔猪全群免疫,同时对感染与带毒种猪群进行净化。     

杭州地区猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒抗体的血清学调查

从浙江省杭州地区28个猪场采集猪血清1677份，用间接荧光免疫试验进行了猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV-2)抗体检测。共检出抗体阳性血清960份，总阳性率为57．25％，其中经产母猪的阳性率为62．32%，后备母猪的阳性率为55．55%，断奶后仔猪的阳性率为55．48%，断奶前仔猪的阳性率为52．98%。血清学调查结果显示，PCV-2在杭州地区猪场的感染较普遍。     

河南豫北地区猪圆环病毒病的血清抗体检测与防制对策

猪圆环病毒病在规模化养猪场发生日益普遍,它已成为影响养猪业的主要传染病.我们从新乡市长垣县、封丘县、辉县市、卫辉市、获嘉县、原阳县、新乡县、延津县16个猪场采集各类猪的血清样品109份,其中断奶仔猪血清47份,后备母猪血清30份,经产母猪血清32份,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对以上血清样品进行猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV-2)血清抗体的检测.结果共检出阳性血清59份,总阳性率为54.13%(59/109),断奶仔猪抗体阳性率为48.94%(23/47),后备母猪抗体阳性率为56.67%(17/30),经产母猪抗体阳性率为59.38%(19/32).结果显示:所有被检猪场均有PCV-2抗体阳性猪存在,从检测结果可以看出,本市一些猪场正处于PCV-2感染的高发阶段.因此我们必须加强猪群净化、加强饲养管理、搞好环境卫生等综合防制对策来控制该病的发生.     

吉林省部分地区猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学调查

应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对吉林省部分地区5个猪场的300份猪血清样品进行猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)血清抗体的检测。检测结果,被检猪场中血清抗体总阳性率为51.67%,5个地区猪场均检测出阳性猪。其中30日龄内仔猪阳性率为12.77%;种公猪总阳性率为56.19%;经产母猪总阳性率为67.80%。结果证实,吉林省不同地区猪场均存在PCV2感染,且比较严重。     

Parasites of the stomach in donkeys of the highveld of Zimbabwe

Summary

Fourteen donkeys from a communal area of the Zimbabwean highveld were examined for stomach parasites during July and November of 1986 and January and April of 1987. All 14 animals were infected. Habronema muscae occurred in 12, Draschia megastoma in 11, H. majus in 9, Trichostrongylus axei in 9, Gasterophilus intestinalis in 14 and G. nasalis in 1 donkey. The lowest level of infection was in January for the helminthes and in April for Gasterophilus larvae. The peak burdens of parasites were in July for Habronema spp. and in November for D. megastoma and Gasterophilus larvae. Infections with spirurid worms and Gasterophilus develop mainly from the middle of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season (Januari to May/June). G. intestinalis seems to have an annual cycle.     

A study of the pattern of staphylococcal contamination of the udders of cows in a dairy herd

Abstract

Extract

The results of the 1965–6 New Zealand national mastitis survey (Anon., 1967 Anon Ann. Rep. Res. Div. N.Z. Dept. Agric. 1966–67 1967 77 78  [Google Scholar]) indicated that β-haemolytic staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows. Effective control of β-haemolytic stapyhlococci on a national scaledepends ultimately upon an understanding of population changes of this organism within the cow and within the herd.     

Effects of the ruminal comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles on accuracy of in situ estimates of ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of feedstuffs

Effects of considering the comminution rate (k_c) and the correction of microbial contamination (using ¹⁵N techniques) of particles in the rumen on estimates of ruminally undegraded fractions and their intestinal digestibility were examined generating composite samples (from rumen‐incubated residues) representative of the undegraded feed rumen outflow. The study used sunflower meal (SFM) and Italian ryegrass hay (RGH) and three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 40:60 RGH to concentrate diet (75 g DM/kgBW^0.75). Transit studies up to the duodenum with Yb‐SFM and Eu‐RGH marked samples showed higher k_c values (/h) in SFM than in RGH (0.577 vs. 0.0892, p = 0.034), whereas similar values occurred for the rumen passage rate (k_p). Estimates of ruminally undegraded and intestinal digestibility of all tested fractions decreased when k_c was considered and also applying microbial correction. Thus, microbial uncorrected k_p‐based proportions of intestinal digested undegraded crude protein overestimated those corrected and k_c?k_p‐based by 39% in SFM (0.146 vs. 0.105) and 761% in RGH (0.373 vs. 0.0433). Results show that both k_c and microbial contamination correction should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, whereas in protein concentrates not considering k_c is an important source of error.     

Exsheathment of infective larvae of Cooperia curticei

Abstract

Extract

Although exsheathment of the infective larvae of many strongylate nematode parasites of ruminants has been studied (Rogers, 1966 Rogers, W. P. 1966. “Exsheathment and hatching mechanisms in helminths”. In Biology of Parasites, Emphasis on Veterinary Parasites, Edited by: Soulsby, E. J. L. 33–39. New York and London: Academic Press. In [Google Scholar]), that of Cooperia curticei larvae has not. By analogy with other trichostrongylid species inhabiting the small intestine, they would be expected to exsheath in response to conditions provided by the abomasum, perhaps, as with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, with a potentiating effect of bile salts in the small intestine (Mapes, 1972 Mapes, C. J. 1972. Bile and bile salts and exsheathment of the intestinal nematodes Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Nematodirus battus. Int. J. Parasit., 2: 433–438.  [Google Scholar]). It was decided to see if C. curticei larvae exsheathed as expected; no attempt was made to define precisely the conditions necessary for exsheathment but rather to establish the site at which the stimulus is received.     

Frequency of involvement of pox virions in lesions of bovine dermatophilosis

Summary By combined electron microscopical and serological methods the rate of involvement of pox virions within lesions of bovine natural dermatophilosis was determined. Scabby lesions of 40 (77%) out of a total of 52 cases were positive for the virions, while sera of all infected animals which reacted positively for pox viral antibodies (LSD) was significantly higher (P<0·001) in comparison to those of healthy-appearing animals. The virions in all cases had a uniform oval to cylindrical morphology with a mean measurement of 110 × 280 nm. A synergistic interplay involving the initiation of the scabby lesions by the virions and their subsequent trapping within keratin deposits, followed by their release through the keratolytic activity ofDermatophilus congolensis appear to have obtained in cases.

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Frecuencia Del Compromiso De Viriones Pox En Lesiones De Dermatiofilosis Bovina

Resumen Se determinó la tasa del compromiso de viriones pox, con lesiones de dermatofilosis bovina natural, mediante la combinación de microscopía electrónica y serológica. Cuarenta lesiones costrosas (77%) de un total de 52 casos fueron positivas a viriones, mientras que el suero de todos los animales infectados que reaccionaron positivamente para anticuerpos pox (LSD) fueron significativamente más altos (P<0.001) en comparación a aquellos de animales aparentemente sanos. Los viriones en todos los casos tuvieron una morfología uniforme, de oval a cilíndrica con una media de 110 × 280 nm. Se obtuvo un sinergismo recíproco que involucró la iniciación de las lesiones costrosas por los viriones, los cuales quedaron atrapados subsecuentemente en los depósitos de queratina, seguido de la liberación de los mismos a través de la acción queratolítica delDermatophilus congolensis.

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Frequence De La Participation De Virions Pox Dans Les Lesions De Dermatophilose Bovine

Résumé Par utilisation combinée de méthodes sérologiques et de microscopie électronique, on a pu déterminer la fréquence de participation de virions pox dans les lésions de dermatophilose bovine naturelle. Les lésions croûteuses de 40 (77%) cas sur 52 ont été positives pour les virions, tandis que les sérums de tous les animaux qui réagissent positivement pour les anticorps antiviraux pox (LSD) sont significativement supérieurs (P<0,001) comparés à ceux des animaux apparemment en bonne santé. Dans tous les cas, les virions ont une morphologie uniforme ovale à cylindrique, avec une taille moyenne de 110 × 280 nm. On a pu obtenir dans certains cas une interaction synergique, mettant en jeu l'initiation de lésions croûteuses par les virions et leur piégeage ultérieur dans les dépôts kératinisés, suivi de leur relargage dû à l'activité kératinolytique deDermatophilus congolensis.

     

Estimation of Protein Requirements of Feedlot Steers

Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and diet composition data were collected from a survey of finishing steer experiments (40 experiments; 347 kg average initial weight; data excluded Holstein steers). Data were analyzed by weighted (observations/mean) analyses of variance to determine effects of protein intake and implanting strategy on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Implanting strategies were defined according to prevalent or last implant type used: no implant (None); medium-potency implants (Medium): zeranol 72 mg per dose, steroid-based implants (Synovex-S or Compudose) or trenbolone acetate (TBA) alone; high-potency implants (High): TBA in combination with either steroids or zeranol. Regression procedures were utilized to estimate CP and DIP, or MP requirements. Implant effects were independent (P>0.60) of dietary protein effects and included faster (P<0.05) gains at higher intakes (P<0.05) that resulted in improved (P<0.05) feed efficiencies. Steers responded to higher dietary CP (13.3 vs 11.4%) by increasing intake (P<0.05) which resulted in faster (P<0.05) and more efficient (P=0.09) gains. Compared to nonimplanted steers, implanted steers had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses with larger (P<0.05) ribeyes and lower (P<0.05) marbling scores. Nonimplanted steers fed 13.3% CP diets had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses than nonimplanted steers fed 11.4% CP diets. Maintenance MP requirements of nonimplanted steers were greater than those of implanted steers and similar to established MP requirements. Diets of steers implanted with high-potency implants must be supplemented to contain more than 7.5 g MP/kg BW^0.75/d, especially at heavy (>450 kg) initial BW, to maximize implant response. Implanted steers have a greater ability to respond to increased dietary protein because of reduced protein requirements for maintenance.     

Evaluation of the safety of daily administration of capromorelin in cats

Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study.     

Diseases of the central nervous system of pigs

Abstract

Extract

Sir — The recently published advances by Done (1957 Done, J. T. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 1341–1341.  [Google Scholar]). Done et al. (1957 Done, J. T., Brooksbank, N. H. and Buntain, D. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 67–67.  [Google Scholar]) and Harding cl al. (1957 Harding, T. D. J., Done, J. T. and Kershaw, G. F. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 824–824.  [Google Scholar]); ill Great Britain concerning the knowledge of different disease of the central nervous system ot pigs have prompted a closer examination of these diseases by Diagnostic Officers of the Animal Research Division in this country.     

Evaluation of the efficacy of an epsiprantel/pyrantel combination against gastrointestinal helminths of dogs

Trials were conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of a combination of epsiprantel at a dose rate of 5-5 mg/kg bodyweight and pyrantel pamoate at 5 mg pyrantel base/kg against Toxocara canis in prenatally infected unweaned greyhound pups, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis and Dipylidium caninum in naturally infected adolescent greyhounds and Ancylostoma caninum, U stenocephala. Taenia hydatigena and Taenia pisiformis in artificially infected laboratory beagles. The product was well accepted and produced no obvious side effects. Percentage efficacy values based on post mortem worm counts were: T hydatigena 100; T pisiformis 100; D caninum 100; adult T canis 84-0; adult T leonina 96-5; immature T leonina 99-8; U stenocephala 99-0 and 87-7; A caninum 92-7; and T vulpis 43-3.     

Serological evidence of the occurrence of bluetongue in Iraq

Summary Precipitating antibodies against bluetongue were detected in sheep and goat serum samples collected from animals slaughtered in Baghdad abattoir. Out of294 sheep serum samples and110 goat serum samples examined,28 and18 samples respectively showed precipitating activity. In addition, examination of sheep serum samples collected from localities where clinical cases similar to bluetongue were previously reported revealed the presence of bluetongue precipitating antibodies in101 sera out of198 samples examined. This is the first report confirming the occurrence of blue-tongue in Iraq.

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Evidencia Serológica De La Ocurrencia De Lengua Azul En Irak

Resumen Se detectaron anticuerpos precipitantes de la enfermedad de la Lengua Azul en el suero de ovejas y cabras beneficiadas en el matadero de-Bagdad. La prueba fue positiva en 28 de 294 sueros ovinos y en 18 de los 110 sueros caprinos examinados. Posteriormente, se examinaron 198 sueros ovinos colectados en áreas en donde se sospechaba la existencia clinica de la enfermedad, encontrandose 101 positivos. Este es el primer informe de la existencia de Lengua Azul en Irak.

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Preuve Sérologique De L'existence De La Bluetongue En Irak

Résumé Des anticorps précipants contre la bluetongue ont été mis en évidence dans des échantillons de sérum de moutons et de chèvres recueillis sur des animaux abattus à l'abattoir de Bagdad. Sur 294 échantillons de sérum de moutons et 110 de chèvres examinés, 28 et 18 de ces échantillons se sont respectivement montrés précipitants. En outre l'examen d'échantillons de sérum de moutons recueillis dans des localités où existaient des cas cliniques pouvant faire soupçonner la bluetongue a montré la présence de sérums précipitants de la maladie dans 101 des 198 échantillons examinés. C'est là le premier report confirmant l'existence de la bluetongue en Irak.