猪常见发热性传染病的类症鉴别诊断

导致猪发热的传染病包括细菌性传染病、病毒性传染病、寄生虫疾病,病毒性传染病比较重要的有猪瘟（SF）、猪伪狂犬病（PR）、猪流感（SI）、圆环病毒2型感染（PCV-2）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、高致病性繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的高热病、猪呼吸道综合征（PRDC）;这类疾病是猪病中危害最大、最重要的,此类疾病的特点是传播快、流行广,并引起机体的免疫抑制和繁殖障碍,多为混合感染,给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。     

猪瘟与蓝耳病混合感染的诊断与治疗方法

猪蓝耳病又称繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征,此病临床症状:母猪厌食、孕猪流产、产木乃伊胎、死胎率高升。仔猪感染后,致死率极高。这些年,随猪病复杂化,猪蓝耳病单一典型病例减少,多数易与猪瘟、猪传染性胸膜炎等混合感染。文章重点介绍猪瘟与蓝耳病混合感染的诊断及治疗方法,以供同仁参考和借鉴。     

猪瘟病毒猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪链球菌混合感染的诊断和防制

猪瘟、猪生殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)和猪链球菌病是严重危害养猪业的重要传染病，在我国的许多地方时有发生。已有研究证明，PRRS病毒感染可以影响和干扰猪对其他疫病免疫抗体的产生或缩短免疫抗体持续时间，引起其他疫病免疫失败，常常造成多种疫病继发或混合感染，给正确诊断和防制造成一定困难。湖南省某猪场发生一起疫情，根据流行病学、临床诊断、病理剖检、动物接种试验及血清学检查，确诊为猪瘟、猪生殖与呼吸综合征和猪链球菌混合感染。     

目前养猪场常见传染病防制

目前临床上多以混合感染或继发感染的病例多见,如猪高热病、猪瘟与喘气病、猪瘟与猪肺疫、猪瘟与猪传染性胸膜肺炎等。单病原感染的病例也时有发生,如猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征、仔猪黄白痢、猪水肿病、猪传染性胃肠炎、仔猪副伤寒、伪狂犬病、猪细小病毒病、猪附红细胞体病等。一、猪群易发的几种传染病(一)猪高热病猪"高热病"即为猪高热综合征,是一种高热、厌食、黄尿为特征的疾病,该病     

3种非猪瘟病毒单独或混合感染对猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫效力的影响

将 2 0头 9月龄左右猪瘟、伪狂犬、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征抗原、抗体阴性猪分成 6组 ,分别利用猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪伪狂犬病毒 (PRV)和猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒 (PRRSV)单独或混合感染。 7d后连同对照猪 4头 ,免疫接种猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗 (HCL V) ,13d后连同 4头阴性对照猪一起攻击猪瘟石门强毒。整个试验期间分别每天测温 ,观察临床症状 ,每周采集扁桃体和血样做各种病毒抗原及抗体检测。结果表明 ,非猪瘟病毒感染 7d后 ,所有各组猪均从体内检测到了相应感染的病原 ,表明 3种非猪瘟病毒感染成功。在攻击猪瘟石门强毒后 2周 ,感染了非猪瘟病毒后接种 HCL V疫苗的 4个免疫组 12头猪除 1头外 ,11头全为猪瘟病毒 (HCV)抗原检测阳性 ,且多呈强阳性 ;而单一 HCL V疫苗免疫组在猪瘟强毒攻击后检测不到 HCV;所有 HCL V疫苗免疫猪均存活 ,而非免疫对照组 4头猪全部在攻毒 16 d内死亡。     

规模化猪场猪瘟和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫程序的优化

猪瘟和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是威胁猪业发展的两大主要传染病,一旦猪群感染了猪瘟病毒或者猪繁殖与呼吸综合征就会抑制其免疫系统,导致已接种疫苗的保护能力降低,同时会与其他病毒性疾病产生混合感染,导致更为严重的后果.因此,本文将着重研究和讨论猪瘟和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的免疫程序及其优化方案.     

浅谈高致病性猪蓝耳病的防治

猪蓝耳病又称"猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征",是由猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒引起.以繁殖障碍、呼吸困难、耳朵蓝紫、并发其它传染病为主要特征,是一种免疫抑制病.本病常继发猪瘟、猪传染性胸膜肺炎、猪肺疫、猪附红细胞体病等其它病原感染.世界上许多国家和地区都发生过猪蓝耳病,该病于20世纪90年代中期传人我国,世界动物卫生组织(IIE)将其列为法定报告动物疫病,我国列为二类动物疫病.     

浅谈猪喘气病防治

猪喘气病也叫气喘病,是由猪支原体感染引起的猪的一种慢性呼吸道传染病,也是猪呼吸道综合征的主要原发性疾病和继发性疾病。其单纯感染主要导致猪咳嗽和气喘,几乎无死亡发生,但临床上常见于猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征等病毒性疾病或猪传染性胸膜肺炎、副猪嗜血杆菌病等细菌性疾病混合感染,从而导致较高的死亡率。耐过猪主要表现为生长受阻,发育缓慢,饲料利用率降低,甚至成为僵猪。     

保育仔猪蓝耳病、猪瘟混合感染的诊治

猪蓝耳病(即猪繁殖与呼吸综合征)和猪瘟是危害养猪业的两大传染病,这两种病的发生给国内外养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失.我国将其分别列为二类和一类传染病.2007年3月,周口某猪场发生一起以猪急性、热性、出血性和呼吸困难为主要症状的病例.经流行病学调查,结合临床症状、病理诊断和实验室检查确诊为猪蓝耳病和猪瘟混合感染,现报告如下.     

冬季猪喘气病的防治

猪喘气病又称地方流行性肺炎,是由猪支原体感染引起的猪的一种慢性呼吸道传染病,也是猪呼吸道综合征的主要原发性疾病和继发性疾病.其单纯感染主要导致猪咳嗽和气喘,几乎无死亡发生,但临床上常见于猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征等病毒性疾病或猪传染性胸膜肺炎、副猪嗜血杆菌病等细菌性疾病混合感染,从而导致较高的死亡率.耐过猪主要表现为生长受阻,发育缓慢,饲料利用率降低,甚至成为僵猪.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …