小鼠孤雌激活胚胎早期发育过程中胞吞作用相关蛋白的动态表达分析

为探索哺乳动物孤雌激活胚胎早期发育过程中胞吞作用相关蛋白的动态表达,通过体外生产小鼠孤雌激活胚胎,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)技术检测不同发育时期小鼠孤雌激活胚胎胞吞作用相关蛋白Cav1、Cav2基因和蛋白相对表达水平,并采用免疫荧光技术进行不同发育时期小鼠孤雌激...     

YWHAZ在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的作用

为了探究YWHAZ蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的表达、定位和作用,本试验利用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测Ywhaz基因及其编码蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育中的表达;利用免疫荧光技术检测YWHAZ蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的定位;使用特异性的siRNA沉默合子中的Ywhaz,在胚胎发育的1.5,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.5,5.0 dpc分别观察2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚的发育率,阐明在合子中沉默Ywhaz基因对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响。结果显示,Ywhaz mRNA及其编码蛋白在小鼠1-细胞、2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚中均有表达,YWHAZ蛋白定位在小鼠早期胚胎的细胞质和细胞核中。Ywhaz沉默组的2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚的发育率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),沉默组5.0 dpc囊胚率显著高于其4.5 dpc囊胚率(P<0.05)。结果表明,Ywhaz mRNA及其编码的蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎中有表达,其蛋白主要定位在早期胚胎的细胞核和细胞质中;在合子中沉默Ywhaz基因可导致小鼠早期胚胎发育率降低且存在明显...     

CYP19A1调控内源性雌激素合成促进牦牛COCs细胞自噬和早期发育能力

旨在探索牦牛卵母细胞成熟过程中细胞色素P450芳香化酶(cytochrome P450arom, CYP19A1)对内源性雌激素(17β-estradiol, E₂)分泌、卵母细胞自噬和后续胚胎发育能力的影响。本研究在牦牛卵丘卵母细胞复合体(cumulus-oocyte complexes, COCs)体外成熟过程中,分别用等体积生理盐水、最佳浓度E₂(10^-7 mol·L^-1)、CYP19A1诱导剂黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1, AFB1)、CYP19A1抑制剂双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)处理,实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR, qRT-PCR)、Western blot和免疫荧光技术检测各组成熟COCs中CYP19A1表达水平,酶联免疫吸附方法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测诱导和抑制CYP19A1处理组牦牛成熟COCs培养液中E₂水平;分析不同处理组C...     

自噬核心蛋白Beclin 1在动物生殖生理中的作用研究进展

自噬是一种进化上高度保守的自我消化过程,是维持细胞内稳态所必需的。Beclin 1(Becn1)是酵母自噬相关基因6(ATG6)的同源物,Beclin 1蛋白在自噬中起核心作用,与多种因子相互作用,介导自噬蛋白定位于自噬前体结构而推进自噬进程。Beclin 1的功能障碍会导致动物生育力下降等多种疾病,且Beclin 1与生殖系统肿瘤发生也存在多种联系。本文综述了Beclin 1在动物生殖生理以及生殖系统恶性疾病中的研究进展,讨论了Beclin 1对于维持生殖系统健康的重要性,为提高动物繁殖力及治疗人类繁殖障碍提供参考。     

水通道蛋白7和8在牛早期胚胎发育过程中的表达规律

以牛卵母细胞为研究对象,体外成熟后孤雌激活,收集各个时期的卵母细胞和不同发育阶段的早期胚胎,提取总RNA。根据GenBank公布的mRNA序列设计引物,进行RT-qPCR,检测不同阶段AQP7与AQP8的时空表达规律,结果表明:AQP7与AQP8在不同时期卵母细胞和早期胚胎中具有相似的表达规律,在8Cell达到峰值,而到16Cell期表达量均有显著下降。在牛早期胚胎发育阻滞期(8-16Cell期),胚胎发育由母源基因主导调控转向依赖合子自身遗传物质,这期间AQP7与AQP8表达变化说明其在转变过程中具有重要作用,本试验为AQP7与AQP8在牛早期胚胎发育过程中的功能研究奠定基础。     

自噬通路及其在顶复门原虫入侵发育中的作用

自噬(autophagy)是细胞通过降解自身大分子物质或破损细胞器等来维持胞内稳态的一种平衡机制.近年来在顶复门原虫与宿主细胞相互作用研究中发现,顶复门原虫不但可诱导宿主细胞产生自噬并启动天然免疫途径清除寄生虫,亦可进化出独特的机制来抵抗宿主细胞自噬甚至利用其为自身生长提供条件.不同种类顶复门原虫与宿主细胞互作方式不同...     

RAD18基因在小鼠胚胎中的表达分析

为了研究RAD18基因在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达模式,试验以体外培养的FVB小鼠胚胎为材料,采用定量RT-PCR及免疫荧光技术分析RAD18基因在小鼠胚胎中的表达水平。qRT-PCR结果表明,RAD18基因在小鼠植入前各时期胚胎中均有表达,其中与1-细胞期胚胎相比,其在2-细胞、8-细胞期胚胎中表达水平较高(P0.01),在桑葚期和囊胚期胚胎中表达量显著下降(P0.01)。免疫荧光方法检测结果表明RAD18蛋白在在小鼠植入前各时期胚胎中均有表达。说明RAD18基因在小鼠植入前胚胎中均有表达,推测其与小鼠胚胎的早期发育密切相关。     

KDM2B在小鼠卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育过程中的表达分析

本研究旨在分析KDM2B在小鼠卵母细胞和早期胚胎中的表达规律,为KDM2B在卵母细胞减数分裂及胚胎发育过程中的生物学作用奠定基础。选择20只6～8周龄小鼠为试验动物,收集GV期、MⅡ期卵母细胞、2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、囊胚各阶段胚胎,根据GenBank上已公布的小鼠(Mus musculus)KDM2B序列设计引物,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测KDM2B在胚胎各阶段mRNA的表达水平;通过免疫荧光染色定位KDM2B蛋白在胚胎各阶段的分布。结果显示,GV期卵母细胞KDM2B mRNA的表达量极显著高于MⅡ期(P<0.01);在2-细胞、4-细胞和8-细胞mRNA表达量较低,囊胚期其表达量极显著升高(P<0.01);卵母细胞成熟过程中,KDM2B在GV期主要表达于细胞核中,MⅡ期卵母细胞核中的荧光信号极显著减弱(P<0.01),早期胚胎发育过程中,KDM2B蛋白在2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞胚胎中均不表达,囊胚期重新表达于细胞核。综上表明,本研究成功建立KDM2B在小鼠卵母细胞及胚胎细胞中的时空及时序表达模式,关于KDM2B参与调控减数分裂与胚胎发育过程具体的作用机制有待进一步研究。     

凋亡和ERK信号在镉诱导神经细胞自噬中的作用

为了探讨凋亡和ERK信号与镉诱导大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞自噬的关系,本研究用20μmol/L镉作用大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞4h,免疫荧光观察自噬小体,吖啶橙染色观察酸性自噬泡的形成;20μmol/L镉单独或联合氯喹作用4h、联合雷帕霉素或caspase抑制剂Z-VAD-fmk作用24h,DAPI荧光染色观察细胞核的变化;20μmol/L镉联合ERK抑制剂U0126作用4h,免疫印迹检测ERK、LC3的表达变化。结果表明:镉处理4h,大脑皮质神经细胞发生明显的聚点现象,吖啶橙染色可见酸性自噬泡的形成;与正常组比较,镉处理24h后神经细胞出现染色质固缩、核碎裂;镉联合氯喹作用4h,损伤的神经细胞增多,出现新月状、浓缩的胞核,甚至出现核碎裂;而镉联合雷帕霉素或ZVAD-fmk组,细胞的损伤明显减轻。U0126能明显抑制原代神经细胞ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,同时还能显著抑制LC3-II的表达(P0.05)。说明镉诱导的自噬可以延迟凋亡的发生;ERK是自噬的上游信号分子,它的激活有利于诱导自噬。     

BCG诱导RAW264.7细胞脂肪酸氧化对细胞自噬和促炎因子表达的调控作用

旨在探究脂肪酸氧化（fatty acid oxidation,FAO）对BCG介导的RAW264.7细胞自噬和促炎因子表达的调控作用。用BODIPY染色和游离脂肪酸定量试剂盒检测BCG感染后RAW264.7细胞中脂滴聚集情况以及脂肪酸含量;Western blot检测BCG感染对肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1A （CPT-1A）表达的影响;Etomoxir （100 μmol·L^-1）预处理细胞2 h后,BCG感染细胞6 h,检测RAW264.7细胞中BCG存留量,并用Western blot方法检测自噬相关蛋白（Beclin1、LC3-II）和溶酶体蛋白（Rab7）的表达情况;用免疫荧光方法和mRFP-GFP-LC3荧光双标腺病毒分别检测自噬小体聚集和自噬流;荧光定量PCR和ELISA分别检测促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达情况以及在细胞培养上清中的含量。结果显示,BCG感染促进RAW264.7细胞中脂滴聚集和CPT-1A的表达,而游离脂肪酸含量降低;Etomoxir预处理抑制了细胞中BCG存活,并上调了Beclin1、LC3-II和Rab7表达,且细胞中出现大量自噬小体聚集,自噬流增强,却抑制了促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达与分泌。综上表明,抑制FAO可促进BCG感染诱导的RAW264.7细胞自噬,并抑制BCG感染引起的炎症反应。     

Expression Analysis of Autophagy Regulators Atg5 and Beclin1 during Early Embryonic Development of Mouse (Mus musculus) from Different Sources

This study aimed to explore the expression patterns of autophagy regulators Atg5 and Beclin1 in the early embryonic development and the effects of different embryonic production methods on the expression of the two factors. Female mice aged 6-8 weeks were subjected to superovulation and divided into 2 groups. The mouse oocytes of one group were collected, and cultured in vitro after parthenogenetic activation. The other group of female mice were caged with male mice (1:1), and the next day, the mouse fertilized eggs were collected for in vitro culture. Parthenogenetic activated embryos and naturally fertilized embryos were collected at 2 cell stage, 4-8 cell stage, mulberry embryo stage and blastocyst stage, respectively. RNA and protein were extracted, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western blot and other methods were used to detect the expression of key autophagy factors Atg5 and Beclin1. And indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression and location of Atg5 and Beclin1 in mouse blastocysts. The results showed that Atg5 and Beclin1 were expressed in all development stages of naturally fertilized and parthenogenetic activated embryos in mice, and showed a high level in the early stage of embryonic development. The expression of Atg5 and Beclin1 were gradually reduced from the 2 cell stage in mouse naturally fertilized embryos. The expression levels of Atg5 and Beclin1 in parthenogenetic activated embryos were the highest in the 4-8 cell stage, which was extremely significantly different from the naturally fertilized embryos of the same period (P<0.01). From the 4 cell stage, the expression levels of Atg5 and Beclin1 in parthenogenetic activated embryos were higher than naturally fertilized embryos at all subsequent stages, the difference was extremely significantly different (P<0.01). In mouse blastocysts, the fluorescence of Atg5 and Beclin1 protein could be detected in the trophoblast cells and the inner cell mass, but the fluorescence intensity in the inner cell mass was higher than that in the trophoblast cells. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of Beclin1 protein in the inner cell mass of parthenogenetic activated embryos was higher than that in naturally fertilized embryos. Atg5 and Beclin1, the key autophagy factors, are expressed at different levels in the early development of mouse embryos from different sources. It is suggested that the regulation of autophagy on early embryonic development is related to embryo production modes. The results will provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the role of autophagy in the physiological regulation of mammalian embryo development.     

The indirect immunofluorescence assay using cardiac tissue from chickens, quails and ducks for identification of influenza A virus during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1): a rapid and simple screening tool for limited resource settings

Here we describe the diagnostic utility of the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) during a recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 virus in southern Thailand and demonstrate the usefulness of the cardiac tissue from infected chickens, quail, and ducks for diagnosis. The most reliable sample for IFA diagnosis of influenza A virus was cardiac tissue (83.0%; 44/53) which when divided by species (chicken, quail and duck cardiac tissues) gave respective positivity rates of 88% (22/25), 88.9% (16/18) and 60.0% (6/10). Cardiac tissue also gave the highest IFA intensity for the three species. We believe that the IFA method has wide applicability in developing countries or remote settings where clinically similar avian diseases with high morbidity and mortality such as Newcastle disease and fowl cholera are common and could be rapidly excluded thereby conserving valuable reference laboratory capacity for true HPAI outbreaks.