江苏省南京市猪伪狂犬病血清流行病学调查

为了解南京市猪伪狂犬病野毒感染情况,2015年对南京市40个猪场660份猪血清进行了伪狂犬病毒gE抗体监测和分析。结果显示,全市共发现7个抗体阳性猪场,场阳性率为17.50%;共检出gE抗体阳性血清31份,抗体阳性率为4.69%。经产母猪gE抗体场阳性率最高,达28.57%,血清gE抗体阳性数占总数的8.57%;而8个后备母猪场均没有检测到gE阳性抗体;断奶前仔猪的gE抗体阳性也相对较低。结果表明,南京市猪场仍有伪狂犬野毒感染或因母本感染野毒导致母源抗体的存在。     

胎次对丹系大白猪繁殖性能的影响分析

对江苏省某国家生猪核心育种场丹系大白母猪各胎次的产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重、断奶窝重等繁殖性状进行了比较和相关性分析,旨在进一步了解丹系大白猪的繁殖性能,为后备母猪的选种选育提供参考。结果表明,丹系大白母猪第1、2胎产仔数较少,至第3胎达到最高为10.39头,后趋于稳定。不同胎次对产活仔数与断奶仔猪数的影响与产仔数的变化趋势基本一致。不同胎次的仔猪初生窝重基本持平,并以第3胎最高为14.81 kg。各胎次断奶窝重基本稳定。相关性分析表明,丹系大白母猪第3胎与第4胎产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重呈显著正相关,第2胎与第5胎的产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重间均呈显著负相关。第4胎与第5胎断奶仔猪数有显著负相关。第4胎和第5胎的断奶窝重有显著正相关。第3胎繁殖性能相对稳定,可以反映母猪繁殖性能,因此丹系大白母猪第3胎次的繁殖性能可作为选育后备母猪的重要依据。     

某规模化猪场伪狂犬病的诊断

河南平顶山某猪场母猪出现较严重的流产和产死胎现象,且50日龄~70日龄仔猪出现神经症状,根据临床表现初步诊断为伪狂犬病。为排除猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪瘟,进行了实验室诊断。应用ELISA方法检测发病保育猪及母猪血清的伪狂犬病病毒野毒株gE抗体,并对发病仔猪病料进行了伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的实时荧光定量PCR检测。结果显示,伪狂犬病病毒野毒抗体阳性,实时荧光定量PCR检测确定仔猪病料中PRV核酸阳性,PRRSV和CSFV核酸阴性。结合临床症状及实验室检测,确诊该猪场发生的是猪伪狂犬病。     

法系大约克母猪出生信息及配种日龄对其终身生产力影响

以179头法系大约克母猪1 008窝次的生产繁殖成绩为研究对象,分析母猪的初生重、出生胎次、出生同窝活仔数和配种日龄对其终身生产力的影响。结果表明,母猪的初生重对终身断奶仔猪数、终身断奶窝重影响显著。其中,母猪初生重在1.1～1.3 kg之间的1组终身断奶仔猪数最多为67.54头,分别比2组、3组母猪显著提高12.49%(P<0.05)、16.67%(P<0.05);终身断奶窝重也以1组最高为423.14 kg,分别比2组、3组显著提高13.48%(P<0.05)、16.64%(P<0.05)。母猪的出生胎次、同窝活仔数和配种日龄对其终身断奶仔猪数、终身断奶窝重影响都不显著。大约克母猪的初生重、出生胎次、出生同窝活仔数和配种日龄与终身生产力的相关性分析表明,偏相关系数有正有负,相关强度有大有小。其中,母猪初生重与出生同窝活仔数极显著负相关,偏相关系数为-0.497,出生胎次与出生同窝活仔数显著正相关,偏相关系数为0.170,终身断奶仔猪数与终身断奶窝重极显著正相关,偏相关系数为0.994,其他指标间相关性不显著。     

伪狂犬病免疫净化方案的评价

从一伪狂犬病阴性场选肉仔猪77头,均在2日龄鼻内接种伪狂犬病gE基因缺失弱毒疫苗1头份,免疫前采血,以后每间隔两周采血1次直至18周龄,检测并分析每份血样中的gE和gB抗体。另从一伪狂犬病阴性场选后备母猪50头,于77、147、175日龄肌注伪狂犬病gE基因缺失弱毒疫苗,于40、60、76、91、114、143、161、173、191、226日龄采血,检测并分析每份血样中gB抗体。结果表明,肉仔猪各周龄伪狂犬病野毒抗体(gE)均为阴性,疫苗母源抗体(gB)随日龄的增加而下降,但在114日龄有5头猪gB抗体阳转;免疫伪狂犬病gE基因缺失弱毒疫苗的后备母猪,首免后抗体上升,二免后抗体明显上升、并保持高水平,第3次免疫后抗体较二免后上升不明显。     

猪伪狂犬病阳性场gE与gB抗体监测及风险评估

采集衡阳某猪场119份血清样品进行伪狂犬病gE-ELISA（酶联免疫吸附试验）与gBELISA抗体检测。gE抗体检测结果表明,该猪场所检测猪群除公猪外都有伪狂犬病野毒阳性,是伪狂犬病阳性场,总阳性率为47%。公猪伪狂犬病野毒抗体阳性率为0,说明公猪暂时还没有感染伪狂犬病野毒,属于阴性猪;母猪群伪狂犬病野毒（gE）阳性率达50%~60%;30~40日龄及60日龄阶段猪群gE抗体阳性率分别为30%和55%,加上可疑的数量达到40%~65%,这阶段野毒抗体阳性估计主要受母源gE抗体的影响,且与母猪阳性背景基本一致,但也不能排除个别仔猪阳性抗体来自病毒感染;90~120日龄阶段gE阳性率不降反升,达到100%,说明90~120日龄阶段猪群是在保育转至肥育舍后被伪狂犬病野毒再次感染,gE抗体S/N值显著下降,抗体水平较高。gB抗体结果表明,该猪场伪狂犬病gB抗体阳性率为98%,公猪伪狂犬病gB抗体阳性率为100%,且公猪的gE抗体阴性,说明公猪gB抗体来源于疫苗免疫;母猪群伪狂犬病gB抗体水平高且整齐,可能是野毒感染和疫苗免疫综合作用的结果;30~40日龄阶段gB抗体水平整齐,这是由于母猪群gB抗体水平高且均匀整齐,其仔猪母源抗体相应较好;60日龄阶段gB抗体水平不整齐,这与母源抗体消退有关;90~120日龄阶段gB抗体水平显著提升,这可能是后期野毒感染所致,因为其gE抗体不降反升。综合该猪场gE和gB抗体检测结果分析表明,该猪场伪狂犬病在种猪群得到了有效控制,生产比较稳定,但种猪带毒且散毒,肥育猪的感染压力加大,造成病毒不断循环,肥育猪伪狂犬病野毒感染的控制成了稳定伪狂犬病阳性场的关键。目前,猪伪狂犬病阳性场应定时监测gE和gB抗体,根据猪场血清学检测结果,结合临床实际情况实时调整免疫程序,以便稳定生产和预防伪狂犬病的暴发。     

分娩胎次及季节对台系杜洛克母猪繁殖性能影响研究

统计分析了不同胎次及产仔季节对台系杜洛克母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,分娩胎次对台系杜洛克母猪的怀孕天数、健仔数、产活仔数、总产仔数、初生窝重、21日龄断奶总仔猪数、21日龄断奶窝重影响显著或极显著,对配种情期、死胎数、死仔数、寄入仔猪数、寄出仔猪数、21日龄断奶公仔数、21日龄断奶母仔数、哺乳成活率影响不显著。产仔季节对杜洛克母猪的产仔胎次、怀孕天数、健仔数、死胎数、产活仔数、死仔数、总产仔数、寄入仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄断奶公仔数、21日龄断奶母仔数、21日龄断奶总仔猪数、21日龄断奶窝重影响显著或极显著,对配种情期、木乃伊数、寄出仔猪数、哺乳成活率影响不显著。     

辽宁省大连市种公猪伪狂犬病血清抗体与精液病原的对应检测

为掌握大连市种公猪伪狂犬病(PR)免疫和野毒感染情况,以及种公猪带毒对猪场PR净化的影响,采用ELISA试验、荧光PCR试验,对24个种猪场的108头种公猪,对应检测伪狂犬病毒(PRV)gE抗体、gB抗体和精液中的PRV核酸,同时检测同场经产母猪的PRV gE抗体、gB抗体。根据种公猪检测结果,划分不同PR净化等级种公猪场,并分析不同等级种公猪场经产母猪的PRV gE抗体。结果显示:种公猪PRV gB抗体阳性率为71.3%,gE抗体阳性率为37.0%;精液PRV核酸阳性率为2.8%。精液PRV核酸检测全部为阴性的一级种公猪场,占比为25%;一级种公猪场的经产母猪PRV gE抗体全部为阴性,二、三、四级种公猪场的种公猪与经产母猪同步呈现从低到高的PRV野毒感染水平。结果表明:种公猪在PR净化中起关键性作用;对于PR净化,对种公猪不但要进行PRV gE抗体检测,还要进行精液病原检测。     

2016年江苏省部分猪场猪伪狂犬病血清流行病学调查

2011年底,我国再次暴发猪伪狂犬病疫情,并造成严重经济损失。本研究采集2016年江苏省13个地市56个规模猪场的1 741份猪血清,采用伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）gE-ELISA、gB-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒进行血清学流行病学调查。调查结果显示：猪场PRV野毒抗体阳性率为94.6%（53/56）,血清gE抗体阳性率为43.2%,其中苏北地区显著高于苏中和苏南地区;公猪野毒感染阳性率为55%,后备母猪野毒感染阳性率高达69.4%;经产母猪野毒感染阳性率为44%,gE抗体阳性率与母猪胎次密切相关。结果表明：猪伪狂犬病在江苏省流行依然广泛,野毒感染较为严重,尤其是苏北地区;应重点关注种猪群,并加强伪狂犬病的疫苗免疫和抗体检测,从而更好地防控该病。     

猪场伪狂犬病毒变异与净化

使用gE抗体检测试剂盒(gE-ELISA),对襄大(武穴)农牧有限公司养殖场618头母猪、186头后备母猪、957头哺乳仔猪、1016头断奶仔猪和育肥猪进行检测.采取免疫—检测—淘汰—补充阴性后备母猪的净化措施,最终达到了清除野毒的目的,对武穴市规模化猪场变异性伪狂犬病的防控和净化具有推广意义.     

Investigation on the Production Performance of gE Antibody Positive Sows in Pig Farms Infected with Wild Type Pseudorabies Virus

Pseudorabies (PR) is caused by the Pseudorabies virus (PRV). It is an acute and hot highly contagious disease infecting livestock and a wide range of wild animals. In order to investigate the relationship between latent infection of Pseudorabies virus and sow production performance,this study collected production parameters of first-parity sows with wild virus gE positive and negtive in a Pseudorabies positive stable intensive farm, including total litter size, healthy litter size, weak litter size, stillbirths, mummified fetus, litter weight, number of weaning live, number of weaning qualified and weaning weight. And compared the production performance of PRV gE antibody negative and positive sows in the same intensive pig farm. The study showed that each PRV gE antibody negative sow could produce 11.96 live piglets per parity. Additionally, PRV gE antibody negative sow could provide more alive, weaning and weaning qualified piglets per parity than infection sows, which were 0.63, 0.18 and 0.28, respectively. Although the average birth weight and average weaning weight of piglets produced by PRV gE antibody positive sows were higher than those produced by negative sows, the weaning qualified rate of antibody negative sows was higher than that of antibody positive sows, indicating that the weaning live piglets produced by antibody negative sows had higher uniformity. In summary, the production performance of PRV gE antibody positive sows was lower than that of the negative sows. Eradication of PR can bring higher profit to the pig farm. Pig farm should actively eradicate the PR.     

Diagnosis and gI antibody dynamics of pseudorabies virus in an intensive pig farm in Hei Longjiang Province

BackgroundPseudorabies (PR), caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an endemic disease in some regions of China. Although there are many reports on epidemiological investigations into pseudorabies, information on PRV gI antibody dynamics in one pig farm is sparse.ObjectivesTo diagnose PR and analyze the course of PR eradication in one pig farm.MethodsTen brains and 1,513 serum samples from different groups of pigs in a pig farm were collected to detect PRV gE gene and PRV gI antibody presence using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.ResultsThe July 2015 results indicated that almost all brain samples were PRV gE gene positive, but PRV gI antibody results in the serum samples of the same piglets were all negative. In the boar herd, from October 2015 to July 2018 three positive individuals were culled in October 2015, and the negative status of the remaining boars was maintained in the following tests. In the sow herd, the PRV gI antibody positive rate was always more than 70% from October 2015 to October 2017; however, it decreased to 27% in January 2018 but increased to 40% and 52% in April and July 2018, respectively. The PRV gI antibody positive rate in 100-day pigs markedly decreased in October 2016 and was maintained at less than 30% in the following tests. For 150-day pigs, the PRV gI antibody positive rate decreased notably to 10% in April 2017 and maintained a negative status from July 2017. The positive trend of PRV gI antibody with an increase in pig age remarkably decreased in three tests in 2018.ConclusionsThe results indicate that serological testing is not sensitive in the early stage of a PRV infection and that gilt introduction is a risk factor for a PRV-negative pig farm. The data on PRV gI antibody dynamics can provide reference information for pig farms wanting to eradicate PR.     

Identification of Pseudorabies Virus Variant and Control of Pseudorabies

Due to variant strain,pseudorabies virus (PRV) has broken out again and spread in China since 2011.A swine farm in Guangdong province was found pseudorabies (PR) symptoms-like miscarriage after introduction.The study was carried out to identify and control the PR.Serum of sows with and without miscarriage were randomly collected and the PRV gB and gE were detected by ELISA method,and brain tissues of sick piglets were sampled and the PRV gH gene was tested by PCR.All the sows in the farm were emergently inoculated PRV variant strainin activated vaccine.Serum before and after immunization were collected and detected by ELISA and micro-serum neutralization test.ELISA results showed that gE antibody of all the breeding sows with miscarriage were positive,and that of sows without miscarriage showed weekly positive;The average gB ELISA S/P value of sows with miscarriage was as high as 4.0,while that of sows without miscarriage was over 3.0.PCR of 3 sick piglets were all positive and the sequence of gB gene was 100% identical to BJ-YT-2012,a wide variant stain in 2012. The result of detection of the sows serum at before and after immunization showed that the S/P value of gB rose up from 1.603 before immunization to 2.88 at four weeks after immunization,and the neutralizing antibody rose up from 1:24 to 1:213.This agreed with the results that the sows showed less probability of miscarriage since the first week after immunization and almost no miscarriage after two weeks after immunization.This study suggested that classical PRV vaccine was not effective in this case,while the vaccine made from the variant PRV strain was.     

伪狂犬病病毒变异株的鉴定及伪狂犬病的防控

2011年以来伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）变异株在中国大范围流行致伪狂犬病（PR）再次暴发。广东某猪场发生疑似PR引起母猪较大范围的流产,为此本试验展开对该病诊断和防控方法的研究。随机抽取流产和未流产母猪血清,应用ELISA检测PRV gE和gB抗体;同时采集发病仔猪脑组织PCR检测PRV gH片段。对全场母猪紧急接种PRV变异株灭活苗,分别应用ELISA和中和试验检测免疫前后的血清抗体。结果显示,已发生流产母猪血清PR gE抗体均为阳性,而未流产母猪血清抗体见弱阳性;流产母猪PRV gB抗体的S/P值高达4.0,未流产母猪也达3.3。PCR检测3头病仔的脑组织均为阳性,测序表明其gB基因与2012年流行毒株BJ-YT-2012序列相似性为100%。ELISA检测免疫灭活疫苗前母猪血清PRV gB抗体S/P值为1.603,免疫4周后升高到2.88;特别是中和抗体从1：24升高到1：213。这与免疫疫苗1周后母猪流产开始减少,2周后母猪少见流产的结果吻合。研究结果提示,PRV经典株疫苗产生的PRV gB抗体对变异株的保护作用不佳,而变异株疫苗的保护效果显著。     

Impact of rank position on fertility of sows

The investigations were carried out with 484 sows from two farms (farm A: housing the sows in small groups of 8 animals each, farm B with a large group of 100 sows) and a total number of 982 inseminations. The number of agonistic interactions was registered for each sow during 48 h after mixing soon after weaning the piglets at farm A. The individual rank place in the social hierarchy was calculated on the basis of wins and defeats and the sows were divided in high and low ranking sows. At farm B the rank position was estimated on the basis of the daily feeding order at two electronic feeding stations (first half of the sows in the feeding order = high ranking, second half = low ranking). Additionally, the following parameters were recorded for each sow: parity, genotype, farrowing rate and litter size (total and alive born piglets). The analysis showed that sows with a high rank position had a significantly higher farrowing rate (88.8%) compared to group-mates with low rank places (82.8%, p = 0.051) (farm A). Sows with a high rank position reached a significantly higher litter size of total born piglets (12.66, 16.14 piglets per litter respectively) than the low-ranking group-mates (12.13, 14.83 piglets/litter respectively — farms A and B). When mixing sows, the time and the conditions (e.g. group size, space allowance per sow) have to be considered to prevent the negative influence of low rank order on fertility.     

Effects of Dextrose Plus Lactose in the Sows Diet on Subsequent Reproductive Performance and within Litter Birth Weight Variation

Effects of dextrose plus lactose in sow’s feed were tested on subsequent reproductive performance and within litter birth weight variation. During the last week of gestation and lactation, sows were either fed a commercial lactation diet (Control: C), or an isocaloric diet containing 25 g/kg dextrose plus 25 g/kg lactose (Treatment: T). In the subsequent weaning‐to‐oestrus interval (WEI), all sows received the same amount of a commercial feed, but T sows were supplemented with 150 g dextrose plus 150 g lactose per day. Weight and backfat changes were recorded as well as litter characteristics during the treatment period and the subsequent parity. No significant effect of treatment was found on the subsequent reproductive performance, including the number of piglets born, although the number of live born piglets was 0.51 larger (p = 0.31) and weight of the live born piglets was 84 g higher in the T sows (p = 0.07) than in the C sows. When sows were categorized in sows with 12 or less and more than 12 total born piglets in the previous litter, treatment of sows with dextrose plus lactose resulted for the group with 12 or less piglets in a strong increase in subsequent total born piglets (13.97), whereas in the untreated sows the subsequent litter size was 11.89. In the group with more than 12 total born piglets, no effect of treatment was found (interaction between previous litter size and treatment p = 0.03). The within litter variation in birth weight in the subsequent litter was numerically lower in the T sows. We concluded that the use of dextrose and lactose during lactation and WEI seems to enhance litter size in sows with low previous litter size and seems to have the potential to reduce the within litter variation in birth weight.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒灭活疫苗对猪伪狂犬病病毒流行毒株和经典毒株的免疫保护效果评估

为评估猪伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies virus,PRV）灭活疫苗（HN1201-ΔgE株）免疫后对PRV流行毒株和经典毒株的保护效果,本研究对试验猪分别免疫PRV灭活疫苗（HN1201-ΔgE株）和PRV活疫苗（Bartha-K61）,免疫后第0、7、10、14、17、21、24和28天采血测定PRV gB抗体,并分别使用PRV流行毒株HN1201株和经典毒株闽A株测定免疫后第0、7、14、21和28天血清的中和抗体水平,于免疫后第28天分别使用HN1201株和闽A株攻毒并观察,之后测定体温,测定攻毒后第7和14天PRV gE抗体,及攻毒后0~8 d的排毒情况。结果显示,HN1201-ΔgE免疫组较Bartha-K61免疫组gB抗体和中和抗体产生早,且抗体水平较高。两个免疫组试验猪在攻毒后虽然均无明显临床症状,且免疫组织化学检测（IHC）组织中的病毒抗原均为阴性,但HN1201-ΔgE免疫组试验猪脏器未见任何病理损伤,Bartha-K61免疫组试验猪部分脏器具有病理损伤。与未免疫对照组相比,2个免疫组试验猪在HN1201株和闽A株攻毒后,gE抗体转阳时间晚且排毒率低,HN1201-ΔgE免疫组gE抗体水平整体均低于Bartha-K61免疫组,攻毒后排毒检测中,Bartha-K61免疫组于2个毒株攻毒后第3~5天可检测到排毒,而HN1201-ΔgE免疫组全程未检测到排毒。研究结果表明,灭活疫苗（HN1201-ΔgE株）对PRV流行毒株和经典毒株均可提供完全保护。     

养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力的影响

为了比较不同规模猪场不同胎次母猪繁殖力的高低,本研究采集了106家不同规模猪场母猪的详细生产数据。按母猪实际存栏头数将猪场划分为<1 000、1 000~5 000、5 000~10 000和≥10 000头4个规模,分析不同规模猪场母猪1~9胎次活仔率、健仔率、畸形仔率、死胎率、木乃伊率、断奶活仔率及窝均产总仔数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生个体重、窝均出生窝重等相关繁殖指标的差异。结果表明,在胎次相同的情况下,猪场活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率随着饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐升高的趋势,而畸形仔率、死胎率和木乃伊率则呈相反趋势。母猪实际存栏头数≥10 000头的猪场1~7胎次（第4胎除外）的活仔率、健仔率和断奶活仔率均显著高于<1 000头猪场（P<0.05）,而与其他两个规模猪场差异不显著（P>0.05）。母猪存栏数<1 000头的猪场1、2、3、5、7胎次的死胎率显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。各个胎次的窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产健仔数、畸形仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数、出生窝重都随着猪场饲养规模的扩大呈逐渐降低的趋势。<1 000头的猪场第2、3胎的母猪窝均产总仔数、产活仔数、产死胎数、窝均断奶活仔数、窝均出生窝重均显著高于其他3个规模猪场（P<0.05）。综上,养殖规模对不同胎次母猪生产力均产生较大影响,中大规模猪场（≥1 000头）的母猪繁殖力整体上低于小规模猪场（<1 000头）,但仔猪的体况和成活率要优于小规模猪场。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒HP-SY2022株的分离鉴定

为了解猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)野毒株的特点,本研究对沈阳某养殖场疑似感染PRV的组织病料进行PCR鉴定、病毒分离和纯化、gD、gE基因序列测定及分析、动物回归实验。结果显示：分离株能在ST细胞中产生典型的细胞病变,且PCR显示为PRV阳性;通过gD、gE基因进行序列分析发现,分离株与2011年后分离的PRV变异株位于同一进化分支;氨基酸位点分析发现分离株与PRV变异株具有相同的变异模式。进一步研究其致病性,将纯化后的病毒液接种PRV抗体阴性21日龄健康仔猪,感染仔猪出现典型的PR症状,如呼吸困难、转圈、流涎和划水动作,且在试验期内仔猪全部发病(5/5),其中4头死亡(4/5)。综上,本研究成功分离到一株PRV变异株,将其命名为HP-SY2022。这一研究为丰富我国PRV分子流行病学及后续的免疫防控提供了参考。