关于我国《禁止生物武器公约》履约工作的思考

简要介绍了《禁止生物武器公约》产生背景、发展历史、主要内容、组织结构、履约方式及其在国际军控领域所起的作用以及我国兽医领域履约成效,对未来履约工作进行了深入思考,提出了加强组织建设、加快国家生物安全体系建设、加强国家生防能力建设、加大生物安全和科学家行为准则、职业道德宣传教育和强化生物安全监管合作与交流的建议。     

《野生动物迁徙物种保护公约》(下)

◆有益于迁徙物种的保护关于附录Ⅰ物种:在集中关注附录Ⅰ濒危物种的保护需要方面,《公约》起着独一无二的作用,其中许多种类,由于其影响范围或分类区域的局限性,其它一些全球性野生动物公约没有充分涉及。关于附录Ⅱ物种:由于可适应不同的分类种群和地区变种而设计协议(见     

关于停止非洲象牙及其制品国际贸易的通知

中国工艺品进出口公司,中国工艺美术总公司,有关省、自治区、直辖市工艺品进出口公司,工艺美术公司,有关单位:1989年10月在瑞士洛桑召开了《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(以下简称公约)第七届成员国大会,通过了关于把非洲象从《公约》附录二升为附录一并全面禁止非洲象牙及其制品的国际贸易的修正案。根据我国的具体情况,我国政府曾声明,在《公约》第八届成员国大会作出新的决定之前,该修正案对我国无效。今年7月,林业部、外交     

《野生动物迁徙物种保护公约》(上)

《野生动物迁徙物种保护公约》(The Convention on theConservation of Migratory SpecieS of Wild Animals,又称“波恩公约”,以下简称《公约》),是全球专门为保护和管理迁徙物种而建立的政府间国际公约。《公约》要求成员国严格保护附录Ⅰ的物种,并通过签定各类“协议”或“谅解备忘录”保护附录Ⅱ的物种。     

《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅰ和附录Ⅱ修订

《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅰ和附录Ⅱ修订第十次成员国大会通过１９９７年６月９～２０日，津巴布韦哈拉雷国家濒危物种进出口管理办公室国家濒危物种科学委员会提供１．根据《公约》第十五条条文的规定，１９９７年６月９～２０日在津巴布韦哈拉雷举行的公约...     

《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》第11次缔约方大会在肯尼亚举行

《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(下称《公约》)第11次缔约方大会于2000年4月9日至20日在肯尼亚内罗毕举行。来自140多个缔约国、180多个国际和国家保护组织的代表、新闻记者等共2000多人出席会议。会议历时十天,就《公约》实施有关政策问题和《公约》附录的调整等进行了广泛、深入地     

东北亚CITES公约履约执法研讨培训会在哈尔滨召开

为更好地履行CITES公约,推进相互间的交流与合作,进一步加强对濒危物种的管理和执法。由国家濒危物种进出口管理办公室、海关总署缉私局、东亚野生动植物贸易调查委员会中国项目主办,由黑龙江省林业厅、东北林业大学野生动物资源学院、国家濒管办哈尔滨办事处承办的东北亚CITES公约履约执法研讨培训会于10月16～18日在哈尔滨召开。蒙古、俄罗斯和中国     

新近列入CITES附录Ⅱ的四种鸟类

新近列入ＣＩＴＥＳ附录Ⅱ的四种鸟类范志勇１９９７年６月２０日，濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约（ＣＩＴＥＳ）第十届缔约国大会在津巴布韦首都哈拉雷闭幕，涉及１３０多个物种升降ＣＩＴＥＳ附录的激烈交锋就此划上了句号。按照ＣＩＴＥＳ的规定，新列入附录的物种将在...     

送千只羊 赠百本书 一位市场经理的扶贫路径

近年来，在国家法律法规利政策鼓励下，鳄鱼进口和繁殖数量不断增加，养殖规模不断扩大，逐渐成为农业名特优养殖品种。目前，所有种类的鳄鱼均已被列为《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(以下简称《公约》）附录保护物种。     

海关濒危物种搜查犬科研项目执行情况综述

正项目背景1973年,《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(英文CITES公约)在美国华盛顿签署,至今已吸纳177个成员国。该公约通过签发、核查许可证或证明书来控制CITES附录所列濒危物种的国际贸易,以确保此类贸易不会危害到野生物种本身的生存发展,是有效管理濒危物种国际贸易的国际法。然而,在高额利润的驱使下,野生动植物走私屡禁不止,这种非法行为已经成为继毒     

野生动物航空运输包装容器安全问题调查与分析

为了解我国野生动物航空运输中包装容器的安全现状，分析已经发生的安全事件的原因，找出合理的解决办法，更好地履行CITES职责和执行IATA规定，对活体动物航空运输中出现安全问题最多的包装容器问题进行了研究。通过分析收集到的事例，发现问题的主要原因有国家缺乏强制性法律，没有详细的容器制作标准，从业人员不了解动物。提出应尽快制定相关法律，完善包装容器管理制度，开展从业人员培训，完善动物运输的安保控制的建议。     

Role of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in regulating the litter size trait in Chuanzhong black goats

Fecundity improvement is one of the most important objectives for goat breeders as it can considerably greatly increase production efficiency. The molecular mechanisms underlying fecundity in goats remain largely unknown. To explore the molecular and genetic mechanisms related to the fecundities and prolificacies in Chuanzhong black goats, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs (DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs, respectively) the ovaries of high-fecundity and low-fecundity goats; furthermore, we conducted functional annotation analyses to identify pathways of interest. Overall, 1,353 DEmRNAs and 168 DElncRNAs were identified. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate some randomly selected DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs. We found that two DElncRNAs ENSCHIT00000005909 and ENSCHIT00000005910 might positively influence the expression of the corresponding gene IL1R2 (upregulated in high-fecundity group), exerting co-regulative effects on the ovarian function, through which litter size might show variations. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEmRNAs SRD5A2, LOC102191297 and LOC102171967 were significantly enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis—this pathway was related to animal reproduction. To summarize, our findings expand the understanding pertaining to the biological functions of lncRNAs and contribute to the annotation of the goat genome; moreover, they should be helpful for further studying the role of lncRNAs in ovulation and lambing.     

Toxicological pathology in the rat placenta

The placenta grows rapidly for a short period with high blood flow during pregnancy and has multifaceted functions, such as its barrier function, nutritional transport, drug metabolizing activity and endocrine action. Consequently, the placenta is a highly susceptible target organ for drug- or chemical-induced adverse effects, and many placenta-toxic agents have been reported. However, histopathological examination of the placenta is not generally performed, and the placental toxicity index is only the placental weight change in rat reproductive toxicity studies. The placental cells originate from the trophectoderm of the embryo and the endometrium of the dam, proliferate and differentiate into a variety of tissues with interaction each other according to the development sequence, resulting in formation of a placenta. Therefore, drug- or chemical-induced placental lesions show various histopathological features depending on the toxicants and the exposure period, and the pathogenesis of placental toxicity is complicated. Placental weight assessment appears not to be enough to evaluate placental toxicity, and reproductive toxicity studies should pay more attention to histopathological evaluation of placental tissue. The detailed histopathological approaches to investigation of the pathogenesis of placental toxicity are considered to provide an important tool for understanding the mechanism of teratogenicity and developmental toxicity with embryo lethality, and could benefit reproductive toxicity studies.     

Lack of consensus on consensual response

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a routinely utilized clinical test to quickly assess integrity of subcortical light perception pathways in patients. While interpretation is simple for ophthalmologists, interestingly discrepancy occurs in annotation of the test results, especially for the consensual response. An email survey sent to diplomates of either the American or European Colleges of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO and ECVO, respectively), requesting use of a ‘direct/consensual’ annotation convention, showed 58% of respondents preferred one convention while 39% preferred a different convention. The majority preferred convention was different between ACVO and ECVO respondents. Standardization of PLR annotation convention across specialists is recommended for clarity in medical record keeping and communication among colleagues.     

论科学发展观的哲学性、科学性与时代性

作为马克思主义中国化的一次伟大理论创新,科学发展观是我国保持健康、持续的现代化转型中的重大思想策略。随着贯彻、落实科学发展观的伟大历史进程,我们对于科学发展观的深刻内涵与要义有了愈加深刻的理解,这无疑是一个认识不断升华的过程。在践行科学发展观的伟大实践中,我们清楚地看到作为时代的精华,它是马克思主义哲学中国化、时代化的伟大体现。其本身蕴含着深刻的哲学性、科学性与时代性。     

Proteomics: A new tool in bovine claw disease research

Claw horn disruption (CHD) is a common underlying cause of lameness in dairy cattle which leads to compromised animal welfare and production losses. Despite an intense research effort over the last two decades, progress in reducing the prevalence of lameness due to CHD has been limited. In addition to current research strategies there is a need to develop novel approaches and methods that expand understanding of the disease mechanisms involved in CHD. The objectives of the present study were to explore the potential of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in mapping protein expression in three different bovine claw tissues, and to provide a relevant functional annotation of the proteins characterized in these tissues. LC-MS/MS was used to characterize protein expression in coronary band skin (C), claw dermal (D) and lamellar (L) tissues from two heifers. A total of 388 different proteins were identified, with 146 proteins available for identification in C, 279 proteins in D and 269 proteins in L. A functional annotation of the identified proteins was obtained using the on-line Blast2GO tool. Three hundred and sixteen of the identified proteins could be subsequently grouped manually to one or more of five major functional groups related to metabolism, cell structure, immunity, apoptosis and angiogenesis. These were chosen to represent basic cell functions and biological processes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of CHD. The LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis presented here is the largest published survey, so far, of the bovine claw tissue proteome.     

Controlling Animal Populations Using Anti-Fertility Vaccines

The goal for fertility control of animal populations is the development of a safe, economical and effective contraceptive. One offshoot of the development of this technology is the acquisition of multiple therapeutic strategies for diseases, such as immunotherapy probes for cancer. In the long run, successful population control requires multifactorial strategies. One component of population control is immunocontraception. Development of effective antigens for immunocontraceptive vaccines has been remarkable and has greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fertilization. The chasm between the discovery of an antigen in the laboratory, to the implementation of an effective field program, is immense. The zona pellucida (ZP) immunocontraceptive that has been most extensively evaluated as a fertility vaccine antigen and the porcine ZP has received particular attention. The long-term goal of population control would be the use of a synthetic vaccine, e.g. the ZP, tailored to a target species. In the future, if populations' levels are to be controlled by fertility vaccines, we should consider that the vaccinated animals could receive other health protective agents at the same time. For example, if a species were immunocontracepted, then they could be simultaneously vaccinated against habitat diseases such as rabies ( Plumb et al., Rev Sci Tech, 26, 2007, 229 ).