仙鹤草多糖含量和抗氧化能力测定

以黔东南产仙鹤草为试材,研究测定了仙鹤草多糖含量和抗氧化能力,以期为仙鹤草开发利用提供依据。结果表明:黔东南产仙鹤草多糖的含量较高(以葡聚糖计),为4.98mg/g,对DPPH自由基的清除率在52μg/mL时达64.1%,312μg/mL时高达93.9%。对DMPD自由基的清除率在52μg/mL时达53.1%,312μg/mL时高达80%。黔东南州产仙鹤草多糖含量较高和抗氧化能力较强,开发价值大。     

海洋生物抗氧化活性物质的研究进展

综述了海洋生物抗氧化活性物质种类及研究现状,讨论了海洋生物抗氧化活性物质的抗氧化作用及其机理,并展望了从海洋中寻找抗氧化活性物质的广阔前景。     

叶用莴苣抗氧化物及其生物活性研究进展

叶用莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.)又名生菜,富含多酚化合物、抗坏血酸、类胡萝卜素、VE等高活性抗氧化物质。本文从生菜抗氧化活性物质的组分及含量、抗氧化活性评价及抗氧化机理、外界因素对生菜抗氧化物的影响等方面综述了生菜抗氧化研究领域近年来的研究成果,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。     

茶叶中多酚类物质抗氧化活性的量子化学计算研究

抗氧化剂活性的评价是医药、保健、食品和化妆品等领域研究的热点课题。本文以茶叶中的多酚类物质为研究对象,采用AMl法对多酚类物质的抗氧化活性进行了量子化学计算。结果表明,通过比较生成热（HOF）值可以直接表征多酚类物质的抗氧化活性,即HOF值越低,多酚类的抗氧化活性越强。同时,本文对多酚类物质的抗氧化机理提出了新的观点：在多酚类物质的抗氧化过程中,酚羟基、氢原子和醇羟基都发挥了抗氧化作用。     

植物多糖抗氧化活性研究进展

植物多糖作为一种具备多种生物活性的天然产物,因高效、低毒而成为食品抗氧化活性领域的研究热点.本文概括了近年来国内外具有抗氧化活性的植物多糖的种类,从多糖直接、间接作用于自由基两个方面阐述了植物多糖的抗氧化性,总结了植物多糖抗氧化的作用机制及主要信号通路,并探讨了植物多糖抗氧化活性的构效关系,对植物多糖抗氧化活性的研究方...     

抗氧化肽及其抗氧化活性评价方法研究

本文简述了抗氧化肽的来源,在分析归纳抗氧化能力的体外评价方法的基础上,增加不同研究间的可比性,统一抗氧化能力指标;提出了建立一套通用的评价体系的可能性,指出了混合肽各组分之间可能存在的一些相互作用关系,以期为更好地了解抗氧化肽的作用机理。本文为进一步促进抗氧化肽的开发利用提供理论依据。     

金针菇菇根抗氧化活性研究

本文考察了金针菇菇根的抗氧化活性,以及与枸杞、灵芝孢子粉的抗氧化协同作用。本实验采用化学法,测定了金针菇菇根水提物、枸杞水提物、灵芝孢子粉水提物、及三者复合水提物的体外抗氧化活性,结果表明,浓度为1.0mg/mL时,所测物质均能够不同程度的清除DPPH·自由基、羟自由基（·OH）,具有较好的抗氧化活性,而复合水提物抗氧化活性优于单一水提物,其清除率分别为56.9依0.8%和29.1依0.8%。     

苹果汁抗氧化机能引起注意

2007年9月25日华尔街杂志健康专栏发表了对苹果汁潜在的抗氧化功效作了高度评价的文章。执笔者Katy McLaughlin针对RuiHaiLiu博士所进行的苹果汁抗氧化机能的研究指出：苹果汁，特别是未经过滤的苹果汁应作为贵重的抗氧化化合物加以重新评价。     

葡萄皮渣原花青素微波辅助提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以葡萄皮渣为试材,采用微波辅助提取方法和体外抗氧化试验,研究了葡萄皮渣中原花青素提取工艺和体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数60%(v/v)、料液比1∶20g·mL~(-1)、微波时间90s、微波功率800W。在此条件下,原花青素提取率为9.12mg·g~(-1)。体外抗氧化试验中,葡萄皮渣原花青素提取物表现明显的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)和羟基自由基(·OH)具有较好的清除能力,但抗氧化能力比维生素C弱。     

桑黄总黄酮含量及其体外抗氧化活性研究

为了探讨桑黄抗氧化作用的物质基础,进一步开发其药用功能,本试验测定了6种不同来源的桑黄样品中总黄酮含量及其体外总抗氧化活性、清除·OH能力和清除O2-·能力,分析其总黄酮含量与体外抗氧化活性的量效关系。结果表明,不同来源的桑黄总黄酮含量存在差异。各样品均具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,其中野生桑黄SH-2最佳。桑黄体外总抗氧化活性、清除·OH能力和清除O2-·能力与总黄酮含量的相关性都达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）。     

新疆17个杏品种的抗氧化指标与总酚含量的测定

为了研究新疆杏的遗传多样性,寻找抗氧化能力较强的功能性杏品种,为保护利用杏资源提供基础,试验采用铁离子还原法(FRAP)、二苯代苦味酰基自由基法(DPPH.)清除法和邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法3种方法从总抗氧化能力、DPPH.自由基清除能力和羟基自由基清除能力的角度测评了不同杏品种的抗氧化活性;用Folin-Ciocalteau法测定总酚含量。3种抗氧化指标显示:17个参试杏品种都具有强抗氧化性,并且大多数品种间差异显著,其中骆驼黄和奎克皮曼的抗氧化能力最强,不同品种间的总酚含量差异较大,变化值为1554.47μg/g,最大含量是最小含量的6.05倍,其中骆驼黄的总酚含量最高为1862.18μg/g,黑叶杏的总酚含量最低为307.71μg/g。各种抗氧化指标与总酚含量呈显著正相关,多酚类物质应该是其抗氧化的主要物质基础。     

Genome-wide analysis of antioxidant enzyme gene families involved in drought and low-temperature responses in Apple (Malus domestica)

Antioxidant enzymes were well-known for reactive oxygen scavenging and protecting cells from oxidative damage in multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Aimed to overview of antioxidant enzyme gene families and screen for drought and low-temperature response members, the whole apple antioxidant enzyme genes in apple genome were studied. Out of 73candidates in seven antioxidant enzyme gene families among the entire apple genome, a total of 49 genes were identified, showed more antioxidant enzyme gene members than those in other plant species. A phylogenetic tree based on predicted functional domains and motifs of apple and Arabidopsis antioxidant enzymes revealed 19 putative drought or low-temperature response genes, and 9 out 19 genes belong to five families responded to both drought and low-temperature stresses. Subsequently, cis-elements in those nine antioxidant enzyme gene promoters were examined and abundant elements involved in multiple hormone regulation and abiotic stresses response, including drought and low-temperature were found. The tissue expression specificity for those nine members in eight kinds of tissues was also examined. Screening and identifying both drought and low-temperature response genes provide useful information to understand gene functions and promote application of antioxidant enzyme genes in apple abiotic resistance breeding.     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

Antioxidant capacity,antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzyme activities in five date cultivars during development and ripening

Antioxidant capacity, antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzyme activities in dates of five cultivars during development and ripening were studied in the 2009 and 2010 seasons. Fruit growth followed a smooth sigmoid curve with maximum weight at the bisir stage. Both the antioxidant capacity measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the antioxidant compound (phenols, tannins and vitamin C) concentrations decreased from young stages through to the maturation and the ripening stages. The antioxidant capacity was highly positively correlated with the concentration of antioxidant compounds in most cultivars. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) increased from the hababouk through to the kimri and/or the bisir stage, upon cultivar, and thereafter, declined at the ripening stages. The possible relation of these biochemical changes with fruit maturation and ripening was discussed.     

Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in mango fruits

Fruit of eight mango genotypes were evaluated for antioxidant potential by several biochemical assays (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, FRAP, SASR and MCC) and tested for their polyphenol composition and vitamin C contents. The significance analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of Tainong 1 fruits were significantly higher than that of other genotypes, which was about 2.1–6.3-fold higher than Guifei assayed in ABTS, DPPH, ORAC and FRAP methods. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents showed a great variety amongst mango genotypes and highly correlation with the total antioxidant capacity. It is concluded that significant genotypic difference exists in the total antioxidant capacity of mango fruits. Both total polyphenols and flavonoids are major contributors to the total antioxidant capacity in mango fruit.     

李果实中多酚含量及其抗氧化能力研究

为分析不同李品种果实中多酚含量及其抗氧化能力,以14个李品种为试材,测定果皮和果肉中的多酚含量,采用超氧自由基(O_2~-)清除法、羟自由基(OH·)清除法、DPPH法、FRAP法和TBARS法测定抗氧化能力,比较多酚含量、抗氧化能力的差异,分析多酚含量与抗氧化能力的相关性,比较抗氧化能力测定方法间的相关性。结果表明:(1)李果实中富含多酚并且品种间存在差异,不同品种果皮中含量为1.40~3.37 mg·g~(-1) FW,果肉中含量为0.50~0.97 mg·g~(-1) FW,果皮中含量远大于果肉中含量;果皮中多酚含量较高的李品种为皇后李、猪肝李,其次为黑宝石李、红玫瑰李;果肉中多酚含量最高的为秋姬李,其次为威克逊李。(2)李果皮、果肉多酚提取物均具有较强的抗氧化能力,果皮提取物综合抗氧化能力较强的为皇后李、黑宝石李和猪肝李,果肉的为红美丽李、红玫瑰李和秋姬李。(3)果皮中多酚含量与清除O_2~-、OH·能力及DPPH、FRAP、TBARS均呈极显著正相关,果肉中多酚含量与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关。(4)对5种方法的相关性分析表明,各方法从不同的角度评价李果多酚抗氧化能力,方法间均具有很好的相关性,DPPH法与FRAP法综合评价最佳,可作为主要选择。     

苹果加工品种多酚提取物的抗氧化效果分析

研究加工苹果品种的多酚组成及其抗氧化功能,有助于加工原料的选择和功能性食品的开发。测定了4个酿酒品种和4个制汁品种果实的多酚组成,果实多酚提取物清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基能力和抗脂质过氧化能力。结果表明,供试加工品种总酚含量为644.9￣3511.8mg/kg,原花青素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素是果实中的主要多酚物质。各品种多酚提取物都有一定的抗氧化能力,以稀释10倍的浓度清除3种自由基的能力较强。原花青素、儿茶素与加工苹果果实抗氧化能力有较密切的关系。     

Seasonal and cultivar differences in salt-induced changes in antioxidant system in tomato

Salt stress has been applied to improve the quality of tomato, but detailed information about the changes in antioxidant systems in salt-stressed fruit is not available. In this study, we examined the effect of salt stress on oxidative parameters, antioxidant content and antioxidant enzymes in two tomato cultivars during two cropping seasons. Salt stress was applied by adding 100 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution. We show that tomato fruits have antioxidant systems to protect themselves from salt-induced oxidative stress. This finding is supported by the lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels, which remained unchanged under salt stress conditions. However, these antioxidant systems depend on cultivars and cropping seasons. In the summer crop, the antioxidant systems in salt-stressed ‘House Momotaro’ can be attributed to the enzymatic reactions of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), while those in salt-stressed ‘Mini Carol’ can be attributed to their non-enzymatic reactions of ascorbate and glutathione. In the winter crop, the antioxidant systems were not influenced by salt stress in either cultivar. However, the proline content increased in both cropping seasons and cultivars. The seasonal and cultivar differences of salt-induced changes in the antioxidant systems may result from cultivar differences in antioxidant capacities and the interaction between salt stress and growth conditions such as temperature and solar radiation.     

Biofortification of Se and induction of the antioxidant capacity in lettuce plants

The aim of the present work is to analyse the way in which Se fertilization in both Se forms applied at different rates can affect the production and accumulation of Se and the foliar antioxidant capacity in lettuce plants Lactuca sativa L. cv Philipus. After different rates of sodium selenate and selenite were applied (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 μmol L⁻¹), the foliar biomass, lipid peroxidation, Se accumulation, antioxidant compounds, and the antioxidant capacity were analysed. Our results indicate that the less toxic form was selenate, as it induced greater biomass, higher Se accumulation, and more antioxidant compounds than did selenite. The treatment of 40 μmol L⁻¹ proved the most suitable for lettuce plants, as the antioxidant capacity and Se accumulation augmented without diminishing biomass, and making the two these lettuce plants healthier than control plants for human consumption, in comparison to control. Finally, regarding the antioxidant capacity test used (the ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP], 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl [DPPH] and reducing power), only FRAP showed a significant relationship with the different antioxidant compounds, while ascorbate best reflected the effect of Se on the antioxidant capacity under our experimental conditions.