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畜牧机械的快速发展,促进奶牛群的管理方法随之改变。奶牛集约化管理,是在先进的挤奶设备产生之后出现的奶牛群管理模式。泌乳牛在挤奶厅集中挤奶就是其中之一。它是集挤奶、输奶管道和挤奶设备洗涤、每头次产奶量记录、挤奶杯自动脱落为一体的挤奶系统。它的同类产品管道式挤奶设备、转盘式挤奶设备其原理均一致。随着挤奶设备的改变,牛群的管理方式也随 相似文献
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1.挤奶间和挤奶场地的要求挤奶间面积要根据泌乳奶牛的数量和设备情况,按每头占地3~4平方米计算。地面要平整以便于消毒和排水。挤奶间要设固定牛栏,通道设计要方便挤奶牛的进出。环境要求采光、通风良好,室温要保持在15℃~20℃,做到冬暖夏凉。室外场地要求地势高燥、平整,便 相似文献
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一套目前世界上最先进的智能化机器人挤奶设备在内蒙古牛乳业集团公司投入运行,这是目前我国引进的惟一高智能全自动机器人挤奶设备。 相似文献
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奶牛产第一胎由于培育过程中往往没有形成乳房被人触摸的习惯,所以在青年牛怀孕后期应让牛习惯乳房触摸的感觉,逐渐发展为按摩乳房,但不宜过度,以免肿胀。分娩后挤奶时要充分洗涤乳房,动作要轻,以免有不舒适感,否则产头胎的牛会踢脚不让挤奶。不提倡拴腿强行挤奶,要充分利用排奶反射使牛奶充满乳房, 相似文献
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集约化奶牛场泌乳数字化管理系统研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】为牛群品种改良(DHI)和奶牛精细饲养提供系统和完整的产乳数据。【方法】本研究采用Visual Basic 6.0、Access数据库、水晶报表等软件开发技术,结合成母牛的泌乳特性和原奶的质量和卫生检测指标,设计了关系型数据表,开发了集约化奶牛场产乳过程的数字化管理系统。【结果】系统提供的对源数据的录入具有智能性,能对不同性质、不同胎次的个体和群体进行指定时间段上产奶数据的多种统计、分析与图形化处理,能动态产生重要的派生数据如成母牛头天数、成母牛日均产、泌乳牛头天数、泌乳牛日均产等,实现了牛群产乳数据多层面的数据挖掘。【结论】通过系统分析和软件开发技术,在全面实现集约化奶牛场产乳环节的数字化管理 基础上,并与奶牛的营养需要预测与日粮供给相结合,为按个体或群体实施奶牛的精细饲养和品种改良提供了可能。 相似文献
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XIONG Ben-hai LUO Qing-yao Lǔ Jian-qiang YANG Liang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(8):1022-1028
This study was to supply the systemic and full milking process data to support the implementation of both dairy herd improvement (DHI) and digital feeding of dairy cattle. This study designed the relational structured database and developed a set of digital management information system on milking process of intensive dairy farm using Visual Basic 6.0, Access databases, and Crystal report combining the milking characteristics of a grown cow, such as quality and sanitation testing indexes of raw milk. The system supplies a series of convenient, intelligent input interfaces of crude datum, and can count, analyze, and graphically show milking datum based on different types and different parities of cows or herds in a specific duration, and can dynamically produce some important derived data, such as days of grown cow, daily average of milk production of grown cow, days of cow milk production, and daily average of milking cow production; and can carry out all-pervasive data mining. With the help of system analysis and software design techniques, it is possible to realize precision farming for a dairy cattle herd based on whole digital management of milking process and realtime prediction on nutrient requirements and ration of dairy cattle, as well as dairy herd improvement. 相似文献
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In countries, like the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), where ‘industrialized’ milk production in large herds was the goal to be reached, research on automation of machine milking was started more than 30 years ago. Initially, the main goal was to mechanize operations at the end of the milking process. This work finally resulted in milking devices that do not apply uniform parameters to all cows, but operate according to the milk flow obtained from the cow actually to be milked. This evolution towards ‘controlled milking’ would not have been possible without application of electricity and electronic components for sensors and control units. Also depending on the technical evolution of electronic control systems are devices for recording milk yield and for taking samples for milk analysis, which were available around the year 1980. At that time initial projects for automatic milk recording were evaluated, which had an obvious influence on further development of milk meters. The most demanding step of application of electronic control systems up to now was the introduction of automatic milking systems. Here not only application of teat cups has to be executed, it also is necessary to enable automatic checks of udder condition, milk quality and other operations which may be challenging even for trained human operators. Further evolution of electronic measurement procedures may be important for the milk-producing farmer too, especially when on-line milk analysis is to be introduced within the near future. 相似文献
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为分析缩短或取消干奶期在高产奶牛生产中的可行性和经济性,本文主要分析了2003—2020年有关干奶期长度对奶牛的泌乳、健康、繁殖力和经济效益影响的研究文献。结果表明:1)缩短干奶期至30d或取消干奶期可导致下一周期泌乳量下降,但分娩前额外的产奶量可部分弥补产奶损失。2)缩短或取消干奶期可显著改善奶牛泌乳初期的能量负平衡问题,且缓解由能量负平衡导致的代谢紊乱,提高奶牛繁殖力。奶牛健康水平和繁殖力提高带来的收益,可部分弥补产奶量降低带来的经济损失。3)缩短或取消干奶期对犊牛健康水平无显著影响。目前该干奶策略在实际生产中推广和应用仍需要更多的研究数据支撑,未来研究可聚焦于30或0d干奶期相匹配的饲养管理策略研发,适宜干奶期长度预测模型的建立和干奶期乳腺退化和乳腺组织更新的分子机制探究,为将来奶牛适宜干奶期长度的研究提供参考,也为实际生产中奶牛干奶期长度选择提供依据。 相似文献
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用黑白花品种泌乳牛14头,对称分为试验和对照两组。以探讨羽毛粉饲喂泌乳牛的适口性、最佳喂量、增产效果和经济效益。试验组在混合精料加干草日粮的基础上,各期分别添加羽毛粉2%(11d),3%(21d),4%(21d),试验结果表明:泌乳牛可以适应羽毛粉的添加,增产牛奶效果显著。依次为3.73%(P<0.05),8.33%(P<0.01)和10.92%(P<0.01),试验结束获纯利12.24元,81.26元和95.17元,合计188.67元,平均每头获利26.95元。按每增产1kg牛奶或饲喂1kg羽毛粉的纯利计算,以精料的3%为最佳喂量。 相似文献
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中国荷斯坦奶牛第三泌乳期泌乳曲线模型的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
【目的】满足对奶牛个体营养需要量的精确预测,探索乳成分的分泌规律。【方法】以中国荷斯坦奶牛第三泌乳期305 d的产奶量为基础,从5 000—11 999 kg,按1 000 kg为间隔分为7个区间对196头奶牛进行分组, 分别采用Wood、Gompertz经验模型和Dijkstra机理模型对每月测定并校正到标准日期的产奶数据进行模拟,通过SAS非线性参数估计和均方误差(MSE)分析,筛选得到了21套泌乳产量区间的泌乳曲线模型,并通过模型的参数揭示了每个区间的起始产量(y0)、达到泌乳高峰时的天数(tm)、高峰产量(ym)和泌乳持续力(r(th))等泌乳特性指标。【结果】通过分析模型参数及特性指标的规律表明,上述3类数学模型均能较好反映中国荷斯坦奶牛第三泌乳期不同产量区间的泌乳曲线规律,但是带有3个参数的Wood和Gompertz经验模型的比带有4个参数Dijkstra机理模型的参数估计过程既简单又有效,而且模型的参数(a、b和c)及所反映泌乳特性参数(y0、tm、ym、r(th))与泌乳区间平均产量(Yavg)的规律性也好于后者。【结论】上述泌乳区间泌乳曲线模型的建立为准确预测奶牛营养需要、实施奶牛第三胎的精细饲养提供了基础模型。 相似文献
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中草药添加剂对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及抗热应激能力的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
[目的]探讨中草药添加剂对泌乳牛生产性能及抗热应激能力的影响。[方法]选取胎次和产奶量基本相同、健康的荷斯坦奶牛36头,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,中药Ⅰ组饲喂含4%复合中草药添加剂的基础日粮,中药Ⅱ组饲喂含3%复合中草药添加剂的基础日粮,进行对比分析试验。[结果]在泌乳奶牛基础日粮中添加一定量的复合中草药添加剂可提高泌乳奶牛产奶量及抗热应激能力,并能有效减少奶牛乳房炎等疾病的发病率,提高生产的经济效益,以中药Ⅰ组效果更好。[结论]在奶牛基础日粮中添加中草药添加剂是缓解热应激、提高奶牛夏季产奶量的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》1999,22(2-3):171-185
Sensor measurements can be used in dairy farming for the detection of oestrus and diseases. A new model has been developed to process the measured variables in a combined way. It is based on time series models for milk yield, milk temperature, electrical conductivity of quarter milk and the cow’s activity, and a probability distribution for the concentrates leftovers. The parameters of the time series models and the probabilities are fitted on-line for each cow after each milking by Kalman filters. This makes it possible to combine the variables and to generate cow-specific alerts. Global results on the detection of oestrus, mastitis and other diseases are given. 相似文献