低磷土壤条件对不同苜蓿品种的生长和磷效率的影响

为探究不同苜蓿品种对低磷土壤条件的适应性,以甘农3号、甘农5号、甘农9号、甘农10号、WL358HQ、WL343HQ、WL363HQ、WL354HQ、金皇后9个苜蓿品种为研究对象,采用盆栽试验方法,对不同苜蓿品种的株高、生物量、磷含量、磷吸收和利用效率进行了研究,并采用灰色关联度对不同品种苜蓿的表现进行综合评价.结果表...     

施钾对紫花苜蓿苗期光合特性及抗蓟马的影响

为了探索施钾对苗期紫花苜蓿抗蓟马的影响及其光合机制,以甘农9号(Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.9)和甘农3号(M.sativa cv.Gannong No.3)紫花苜蓿为材料,设置40,60,80和100 mg/kg 4个钾水平,以不施钾为对照(CK),评价了各钾水平下不同蓟马为害时间的苜蓿的受害程度,并测定了不同施钾水平下苜蓿功能叶片的光合特性和叶绿素含量.结果 表明:施钾后,苜蓿受蓟马为害的程度显著减轻;苜蓿叶片叶绿素含量升高,但随着蓟马为害时间的延续,苜蓿的叶绿素含量较受害前期降低.为害7d时,甘农3号苜蓿净光合速率(Pn)和水分利用率(WUE)升高、气孔导度(Gs)显著升高,除K1水平外,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)在其他施钾水平下均显著升高,除K4水平外,蒸腾速率(Tr)在其他施钾水平下均降低;甘农9号苜蓿的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度均显著升高,水分利用率升高,蒸腾速率降低.为害14d时,两个苜蓿品种的净光合速率、气孔导度均显著升高,蒸腾速率降低;甘农3号的水分利用率升高不显著,甘农9号的水分利用率显著升高;除K3水平外,甘农3号的胞间CO2浓度在其他钾水平下均升高,除K4水平外,甘农9号的胞间CO2浓度在其他钾水平下均显著降低.施钾使苜蓿叶片的叶绿素含量增加,提高了苜蓿的光合能力,进而增强了苜蓿对蓟马的抗性.     

豌豆蚜为害对苜蓿品种酶活性和营养物质的影响

为了探讨苜蓿(Medicago sativa)对蚜虫取食防御反应的生化机制,本研究通过室内人工接虫,研究了豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)取食后苜蓿体内防御性酶活性、营养物质含量的动态变化。结果表明,豌豆蚜为害7 d后,与低抗品种(惊喜、WL343HQ和德宝)相比,抗虫品种(三得利、MF4020、皇后、皇冠和SR4030)的苜蓿幼苗苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及可溶性糖活性变化总体上显著增高(P0.01),多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化显著降低(P0.01),中抗品种(柏拉图、甘农4号、先行者和中苜3号)介于其间,可溶性蛋白质含量变化量无明显规律。     

宁夏地区26个主栽苜蓿品种的抗蓟马能力评价

运用为害指数法,对宁夏地区主栽的26个苜蓿品种进行了室内蓟马抗性评价试验。田间蓟马种类以牛角花齿蓟马(Odontothrips loti)为主,占混合种群数量的75%,室内试虫群体结构与大田相仿。结果表明:供试26个苜蓿品种中,先行者、甘农9号、WL298HQ、耐盐之星、三得利5个品种的为害指数小于25.00%,对蓟马表现出较强的抗性;而皇后、盐宝、阿迪娜、WL354HQ 4个品种为害指数大于40.00%,对蓟马表现出较弱的抗性。同时从株高、分枝数及干草产量等方面对不同苜蓿品种抗性进行了初步研究。试验表明,蓟马为害后,抗性较强的苜蓿品种其株高绝对增长率、分枝相对增长率及干草产量损失率均高于抗性较弱的苜蓿品种。     

播种当年不同苜蓿品种根系形态特征研究

为了对播种当年18个苜蓿品种根系形态特征进行评价,试验测定了苜蓿根颈直径、入土深度、分枝数、主根直径、主根长度、侧根直径、侧根数、侧根深度等指标。结果表明:各品种苜蓿根系形态指标差异明显。利用根系形态特征的8个指标对18个苜蓿品种进行聚类,可分为四类,第一类根系形态相近的包括巨能551(Magna551)、驯鹿(AC Caribou)、标靶(PGI427)、甘农3号和55V12;第二类根系形态相近的包括骑士-2(2010)、甘农6号和56S82;第三类根系形态相近的包括敖汉苜蓿、陇中苜蓿、挑战者(Survivor)、WL343HQ;第四类根系形态相近的包括54V09、55V48、康赛(Concept)、WL440HQ、WL168HQ、WL363HQ。     

10个紫花苜蓿品种在晋北农牧交错带的适应性研究

选用9个引进品种和1个国产品种连续两年(2016~2017年)测定其物候期、越冬率、产量及干草品质,应用灰色关联度分析法比较其适应性,旨在为晋北农牧交错带紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)产业发展提供基础依据。结果表明:WL366HQ,三得利(Suntory)和皇后(Empress)生长较快;WL354HQ越冬率显著(P0.05)高于WLHQ353;三得利和WL298HQ的产草量显著(P0.05)高于甘农4号;WL366HQ、三得利和皇后相对饲用价值较高;通过灰色关联度综合评价不同紫花苜蓿品种适应性表明三得利(0.921 9)、WL366HQ(0.891 4)、WL298HQ(0.867 6)和皇后(0.852 5)4个苜蓿品种在晋北农牧交错带具有较好的适应性,可在晋北地区推广种植。     

我国西北地区3个广泛种植苜蓿品种的萌发和生长对干旱胁迫的响应

采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)进行水分渗透胁迫,模拟研究了不同干旱胁迫环境对我国西北地区3个广泛种植的苜蓿品种:甘农一号杂花苜蓿(Medicago varia cv.Gannong No.1)、牧歌紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.Amerigraze401+Z)、新疆大叶紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.Xinjiang Daye)的萌芽和幼苗部分保护酶活性及幼苗叶片含水量的影响。结果表明,随着PEG-6000浓度的升高(PEG-6000浓度5%~25%),甘农一号杂花苜蓿、牧歌紫花苜蓿、新疆大叶紫花苜蓿的种子萌芽、幼苗叶片含水量及部分保护酶活性皆受到不同程度的影响。其中,3个苜蓿品种的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、发芽势皆明显降低,幼苗叶片含水量基本无显著变化,幼苗本体保护酶活性变化各不相同。利用隶属函数法分析得出3个苜蓿品种种子萌发期抗旱性强弱次序为:甘农一号杂花苜蓿>新疆大叶紫花苜蓿>牧歌紫花苜蓿,根据综合评价均值来看,甘农一号杂花苜蓿和新疆大叶紫花苜蓿抗旱性较强,而牧歌紫花苜蓿稍弱。     

40个苜蓿品种对炭疽病的苗期抗性评价

三叶草炭疽菌(Colletotrichum trifolii)是引起苜蓿炭疽病的重要致病菌,发生严重时可导致苜蓿毁灭性危害。采用孢子悬浮液喷雾接种法,以发病率和病情指数为指标,对40个苜蓿品种开展抗三叶草炭疽菌的苗期抗性评价。结果表明,供试品种中,威纳尔、阿尔冈金、巨能2表现高抗,WL363HQ、巨能7、拉迪诺、4030、4010、润布勒、亮牧表现中抗,新牧4号、甘农4号、驯鹿等15个品种表现中感,新疆大叶、甘农6号、甘农9号等15个品种表现高感。抗性品种占供试品种的25%,感病品种占75%,高抗与高感品种间抗性差异显著(P < 0.05)。     

40个苜蓿品种对炭疽病的苗期抗性评价

三叶草炭疽菌(Colletotrichum trifolii)是引起苜蓿炭疽病的重要致病菌,发生严重时可导致苜蓿毁灭性危害.采用孢子悬浮液喷雾接种法,以发病率和病情指数为指标,对40个苜蓿品种开展抗三叶草炭疽菌的苗期抗性评价.结果表明,供试品种中,威纳尔、阿尔冈金、巨能2表现高抗,WL363HQ、巨能7、拉迪诺、4030、4010、润布勒、亮牧表现中抗,新牧4号、甘农4号、驯鹿等15个品种表现中感,新疆大叶、甘农6号、甘农9号等15个品种表现高感.抗性品种占供试品种的25％,感病品种占75％,高抗与高感品种间抗性差异显著(P<0.05).     

施磷对苜蓿抗蓟马的影响

为了明确施磷是否能有效提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性,以感蓟马苜蓿品种甘农3号和抗蓟马苜蓿品种甘农9号为材料,设0,6,12,18(P₂O₅) g/m²等4个磷水平,在大田蓟马为害高峰期,评价和测定了不同磷水平处理下苜蓿的受害指数、植株磷含量和农艺性状。结果表明,随着磷水平的升高,甘农3号和甘农9号植株的磷含量增加,受害指数均明显降低,株高、产量及叶片含水量增加,茎叶比下降;植株磷含量、叶片的含水量均与苜蓿的受害指数呈负相关关系,但第2茬植株磷含量与苜蓿的受害指数相关性不显著(P>0.05),茎叶比与苜蓿的受害指数呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。相同磷水平处理下,第1茬甘农9号的受害指数均显著低于甘农3号(P<0.05);第2茬在12(P₂O₅) g/m²和18(P₂O₅) g/m²处理下,甘农9号的受害指数与甘农3号差异不显著(P>0.05);施磷后甘农3号的受害指数均低于未施磷甘农9号的受害指数。磷元素可通过提高苜蓿生长性能来提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性;在大田条件下,通过施磷管理来提高感虫苜蓿品种对蓟马的耐害性是一种有效的措施;12(P₂O₅) g/m²是本试验中最经济有效的施肥量。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.