恶唑菌酮土壤降解影响因子研究

探讨了土壤环境中的主要因素:土壤微生物、温度、含水量、pH值以及施用有机肥对恶唑菌酮降解的影响。结果表明:土壤微生物对恶唑菌酮在土壤中的降解起着重要作用,相同条件下灭菌土壤的降解半衰期是非灭菌土壤的27.6倍。环境温度、土壤含水量等对恶唑菌酮降解也有影响,在15℃～40℃的试验条件下,随着温度升高,恶唑菌酮的降解速率加快,特别是15℃～25℃温度范围内降解速率上升较快;过高和过低的土壤含水量都不利于土壤中恶唑菌酮的降解,土壤含水量为50?～100?时适宜恶唑菌酮的降解;此外施用有机肥会加速恶唑菌酮的降解;而土壤pH值对降解的影响不显著。     

温度对厌氧条件下不同pH水稻土氮素矿化的影响

氮矿化反应是土壤生态系统氮素循环的重要环节之一,决定了土壤氮素的可利用性。温度和pH是影响氮素矿化的重要环境因子。为研究厌氧条件下温度对不同pH水稻土氮素矿化的影响,本文以两种不同pH的水稻土为试验对象,在厌氧条件下,设置15℃、25℃、37℃和50℃4个温度,结合一级反应动力学方程式和有效积温式研究温度对土壤氮素矿化势、矿化速率、矿化程度和矿化势/全氮等矿化参数的影响。结果表明,两种土壤氮素矿化势均随着温度的升高而增大。在15~37℃范围内,两种土壤的矿化速率以及矿化程度均随着温度升高而增大,且同种温度下两土壤差异不显著。但在37~50℃范围内,随着温度的升高,两种pH土壤矿化速率以及矿化程度有增大也有减小,差异达1%显著水平。说明在高温范围内,不同pH土壤氮素矿化对温度的响应有很大差异。4个温度下,矿化势/全氮的值均随温度升高而增大,说明有机氮的品质随温度升高而提高。通过温度与矿化参数的相关性分析发现,在15~37℃范围内,各矿化参数与温度均呈正相关,且相关性极显著(P0.01);但37~50℃时,各矿化参数与温度相关性均较小,有的为负相关。本试验测定各培养周期的pH,发现在培养过程中,两种土壤pH波动不大,对土壤氮矿化的变化无影响。结果表明,厌氧条件下,尽管中、低温时不同pH水稻土氮素矿化对温度有相似的响应,但高温时不同pH土壤的氮素矿化显著不同。     

长期施肥水稻土氮素剖面分布及温度对土壤氮素矿化特性的影响

利用太湖地区26a的水稻土长期定位试验,研究了长期施肥对水稻土剖面氮素分布和C/N的影响,分析了10℃和30℃下不同施肥处理土壤氮素矿化过程的差异,拟合了30℃下土壤累积矿化量与有效积温的方程式。结果表明:(1)长期施肥使表层土壤氮素累积量明显增加,0～20cm土层,施有机肥处理的含氮量普遍高于施化肥处理。20～30cm土层,化肥氮+磷处理(CNP)、化肥氮+磷+钾处理(CNPK)、秸秆+氮处理(CRN)及不施肥对照CK的含氮量高于有机肥+氮+磷处理(MNP)、有机肥+氮+磷+钾处理(MNPK)、秸秆+有机肥+氮处理(MRN)和仅施有机肥处理(M0),而40～50cm土层含氮量差异较小;(2)施有机肥或秸秆还田使表层土C/N值有降低趋势。0～10cm表层土壤的C/N,CNPK>MNPK,CK>M0,而施秸秆处理MRN的C/N最低。20～50cm土层,施有机肥处理的C/N普遍高于化肥处理,施化肥土壤下层的有机质分解程度较高。(3)在30℃下,土壤矿化过程达到稳定状态需要时间较短,且累积矿化量较高。在10℃下,培养后期的矿化速率高于30℃下的速率,但累积矿化量较低,低温条件引起了土壤氮素矿化率的降低。土壤累积矿化量与有效积温的关系符合有效积温方程式(p<0·01),K值较接近反应矿化初期各处理的矿化潜力,n值的差异反应MRN、MNP以及CNPK、CNP处理在矿化后期有更高潜力。     

Sphingobium属细菌土壤中降解异丙隆的特性

通过在不同环境条件的土壤中接入异丙隆降解菌悬液,研究了Sphingobium属的3株细菌—YBL1、YBL2和YBL3在土壤中降解异丙隆的特性,分析了土壤类型、温度、碳氮源、土壤含水量和菌株接种量等因素对3株细菌降解土壤中异丙隆的影响。结果表明,3株细菌在马肝土(pH 6.7)中能够高效降解异丙隆,在红壤(pH 4.5)中不能降解异丙隆,菌株YBL3在潮土(pH 8.2)中也有较好的降解效果;当接种量低于105CFU g-1土时,3株细菌均不能降解马肝土中的异丙隆,接种量高于106CFU g-1土时,菌株可以高效地降解土壤中的异丙隆;马肝土含水量低于40%时,3株细菌降解土壤中异丙隆的速率与土壤含水量呈正相关关系;在16~37℃范围内,菌株降解马肝土中异丙隆的速率与温度亦呈正相关关系。     

石灰石粉提高酸性土壤紫云英产量及养分截获

南方耕作土壤酸化问题普遍,探明酸性土壤施用石灰石粉对紫云英产量与养分截获的影响,为紫云英轻简化高产高效栽培提供依据。盆栽试验条件下,在强酸性水稻土和酸性红壤上分别设7个水平的石灰石粉改良剂施用量。每盆装土2 kg,石灰石粉用量分别为0(CK)、0.267 g/盆(T1)、0.534 g/盆(T2)、0.801 g/盆(T3)、1.068 g/盆(T4)、1.335 g/盆(T5)、1.602 g/盆(T6)(折算为0、600、1200、1800、2400、3000、3600 kg/hm²)。盛花期测定紫云英产量、养分截获、土壤pH值及交换性酸。结果表明,与CK相比,水稻土施用石灰石粉的紫云英鲜草产量增幅为41.5%～122.8%,产量随施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,红壤增幅为175.2%～989.1%,增产效果随施用量的提高呈递增趋势,两种土壤分别以T4与T6处理鲜草产量最高,与CK差异显著;水稻土施用石灰石粉氮素截获量增幅为147.5%～614.7%,红壤氮素截获量增幅为285.7%～1316.8%。水稻土施用石灰石粉后土壤pH值较CK增长1.5%～5.1%,交换性铝含量降幅为7.3%～55.9%,红壤施用石灰石粉pH值比CK增长3.4%～18.8%,交换性铝含量降幅为32.3%～95.4%;红壤施用石灰石粉后鲜草及干草产量与土壤pH值呈极显著正相关关系。酸化土壤是限制紫云英产量与养分截获提升的重要的因素。在红壤和水稻土上施用石灰石粉能提高紫云英的产量、养分截获、土壤pH值,降低土壤交换性铝含量。相同用量下,在酸性红壤上的改良效果优于强酸性水稻土。强酸性水稻土与酸性红壤施用石灰石粉后土壤pH值分别为4.66和7.05时,紫云英鲜草和干草产量最高。     

干湿交替对水稻土碳氮矿化的影响

通过室内培育试验,研究干湿交替条件下长期不同施肥处理水稻土微生物生物量和理化性状变化对土壤C、N矿化的影响机制.结果表明,与连续淹水(Cw)处理相比,干燥处理不仅显著地提高了所有施肥处理土壤有机C的矿化速率,其幅度为78%～204%,而且也提高了各处理土壤微生物生物量C和N,其幅度分别为55%～77%和57%～72%;干燥后淹水处理土壤有机C矿化速率的提高幅度为74%～95%,呈先降低再升高的趋势.土壤N的矿化在干湿交替过程的干燥处理中降低34%～78%:干燥后淹水过程仅使NPK处理的升高21%,而CK和NPKOM处理分别降低5%和13%.在培养过程中土壤Eh值仅在-60～60 mV范围时,与土壤微生物生物量C之间有显著的负相关关系.在干湿交替的干燥过程,随土壤pH值的升高土壤微生物生物量C有增加的趋势,在淹水条件下土壤pH值则仅与NPKOM处理土壤微生物生物量C之间有明显的负相关关系.干湿交替条件下土壤 pH和 Eh 值、微生物群落组成和数量与有机质的矿化之间的相互作用关系复杂,三者间的作用机理需进一步研究.     

哒螨灵农药在土壤中的降解吸附和移动特性

采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了哒螨灵在3种土壤中的降解、吸附和移动特性。结果表明,25℃下,哒螨灵在江西红壤、河南二合土和东北黑土中的降解半衰期分别为41．0、55．9和72．2d,属于易降解农药,其降解速率依次为江西红壤〉河南二合土〉东北黑土。酸性条件有利于哒螨灵的降解,土壤pH值对哒螨灵降解的影响比土壤有机质含量大。3种土壤对哒螨灵农药的吸附均较好地符合Freundich方程,吸附系数鼠值分别为3．35×10^3,6．17×10^3和8．48×10^3,具有极强的吸附性,且土壤有机质含量越高,对哒螨灵的吸附性越强。土壤对哒螨灵的吸附自由能变化均小于40kJ·mol^-1,属于物理吸附。哒螨灵在土壤中不易移动,3种土壤薄层移动试验的Rf值均仅为0．05,正常条件下不会造成对地下水的污染。     

河南省土壤pH值时空变化特征分析

p H值是土壤的重要化学性质,会对土地生产力产生重要影响。为掌握河南省土壤pH值近年来变化状况,本文采用空间统计方法,基于河南省第二次土壤普查及2015年土壤p H值数据对近30年该省土壤p H值时空变化及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)河南省土壤p H值总体上呈下降趋势。全省平均土壤pH值由20世纪80年代的7.62降至2015年的7.17,下降了0.45个单位。p H值为碱性的土壤与中性土壤面积大幅度下降,弱碱性土壤和弱酸性土壤面积增加,增加比例为18.84%和22.42%。(2)第二次土壤普查结果河南省酸性土壤主要分布于南部地区、西部地区,土壤pH值最高的土壤分布于东部地区;2015年酸性土壤主要分布于南部地区,土壤pH值平均值为5.95;土壤pH值最高土壤主要分布于北部地区。(3)信阳中部的水稻土、南阳及驻马店山地丘陵的黄褐土和砂姜黑土上,水稻土、黄褐土和砂姜黑土成为pH值最低的三个土类。(4)广泛分布于河南省西部和北部山区的褐土pH值在各土类中最高,且近30年下降幅度最小;(5)近30年来土壤pH值的变化幅度在降水量小于1250mm时与其呈负相关,与海拔呈正相关。     

两种调理剂对水稻土pH 值和重金属吸收的影响

探明两种调理剂对近中性水稻土pH值、重金属有效性和水稻吸收的影响,及其与土壤性质的关系,为调理剂的科学开发及合理施用提供科学依据。选取水淬高炉渣源调理剂（T1）及其腐殖质改性调理剂（T2）,分别设置2个施用量梯度（T1L、T1H和T2L、T2H）,通过盆栽试验分析了两种调理剂及不同用量对土壤pH值、有效硅、镉、锌、铜含量,以及水稻籽粒和秸秆镉、锌、铜含量的影响。与对照（CK）相比,2个施用T1调理剂处理土壤pH值分别升高0.64和1.02,2个施用T2调理剂处理pH值分别升高0.27和0.56(P<0.05),土壤pH值随调理剂施用量的增加而增加。T1L和T1H处理土壤有效硅含量与CK相比分别提高5和22倍（P<0.05）,且显著高于施用T2调理剂处理。与CK相比,T1H处理土壤有效镉、锌、铜含量分别降低37.21%、45.57%和95.30%(P<0.05);T2L和T2H处理土壤有效锌含量分别降低31.55%和30.67%,有效铜含量分别降低6.53%和19.32%(P<0.05)。与CK相比,T1L和T1H水稻籽粒锌含量分别降低23.44%和18.12%(...     

温度对南方红壤和水稻土水分特征曲线影响差异性分析

为了研究温度变化对土壤水分特征曲线的影响,采用高速离心机法测定南方红壤和水稻土在4,12,20,28,36℃温度条件下土体脱湿过程的水分特征曲线,并运用VG模型进行参数提取,探讨了温度对土壤当量孔径分布、非饱和导水率及水分扩散度等参数的影响。结果表明:相同水势条件下红壤和水稻土的含水率随温度增加而显著减少(P0.05),表现出4℃12℃20℃28℃36℃的关系,且同一温度下的红壤持水性能显著高于水稻土(P0.05);不同温度处理下红壤和水稻土的非饱和导水率以及水分扩散度均表现出20℃最高、36℃最小的显著差异性(P0.05),这表明土壤在20℃时的导水能力和入渗能力相对最佳,且同一温度下红壤的非饱和导水率和水分扩散度均低于水稻土;红壤和水稻土的饱和含水率θ_s、进气值相关参数α、形状系数n均随温度增加而缓慢减小,拟合参数随温度变化而差异显著(P0.05),这说明土壤水分特征曲线参数对温度有一定的敏感性。研究结果可为进一步探讨温度对南方土壤持水性能和水分运移机制研究提供合理的参考依据。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.