高尔基体驻膜糖蛋白GP73启动子克隆

[目的]寻找并克隆有活性的高尔基体膜蛋白GP73的启动子。[方法]对GP73基因转录起始位点上游1 000 bp至下游400 bp序列进行软件分析预测,以肝癌细胞系Huh7基因组DNA为模板,扩增目标片段,构建增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为报告基因的重组质粒,转染细胞后在荧光显微镜下观察EGFP的表达,并采用流式细胞仪定量检测转染细胞的荧光强度。[结果]发现GP73转录起始位点上游980到下游330 bp长1 310 bp的序列具有启动子功能。该区域可能具有两个核心启动子序列和多个保守序列,包括TATA box和NF-κB、AP1、GC-SP1等DNA结合序列。[结论]该研究为探讨GP73的转录机制提供了参考。     

贵州矮马与伊犁马生长激素基因5’侧翼区的结构特征

为了摸索贵州矮马生长发育的调控机制,探明贵州矮马与伊犁马生长激素基因5’侧翼区的结构特征,以4～5龄的贵州矮马和7～8龄的新疆伊犁马为研究对象,采用直接测序法从两种马基因组中克隆了生长激素(GH)基因5’侧翼区的DNA序列,并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:1)从基因组中克隆的711bp片段为GH基因5’侧翼区序列;2)两个马品种的GH基因5’侧翼区中都存在TATA box、CAATbox、GC box和Octamer位点等真核生物启动子结构;3)从伊犁马GH基因5’侧翼区中检测到1个位于30bp处的突变位点发生了G→C颠换,由此新增了1个转录因子upstream stimulatory factor(USF)结合位点;4)从贵州矮马和伊犁马GH基因的5’侧翼区序列中发现了MZF1、CdxA、Nkx-2、AML-1a和c-Myc等19种共58个转录因子的结合位点。结论:克隆的711bp基因序列中存在大量的转录调控元件。     

家蚕精氨酸激酶基因的克隆、基因结构与表达分析

【目的】克隆家蚕精氨酸激酶基因，分析其基因结构与表达特性,为揭示无脊椎动物体内能量代谢调节规律提供重要基础。【方法】通过分析家蚕EST、利用RACE法和基因组文库筛选法克隆了家蚕精氨酸激酶（BmAK, Bombyx mori arginine kinase）基因,并对其基因结构和表达特性进行了分析。【结果】克隆了BmAK基因, cDNA全长为1 268bp,编码355个氨基酸，具有精氨酸激酶典型的酶活性部位氨基酸序列，酶活性中心位点氨基酸和能形成离子偶结构氨基酸；该基因由2个外显子和1个内含子组成；5′调控序列存在BRCZ、E74A、FTZ等多个潜在转录因子结合位点，但没有TATA盒启动子序列；该基因的表达在不同组织和不同发育时期存在明显差异。【结论】BmAK具有精氨酸激酶的典型特征，BmAK基因表达随发育时期不同而发生变化，基因的表达可能受蜕皮激素调控。     

Degradation of proteins with acetylated amino termini by the ubiquitin system

A free NH2-terminal group has been previously shown to be an obligatory signal for recognition and subsequent degradation of proteins in a partially fractionated and reconstituted ubiquitin proteolytic system. Naturally occurring proteins with acetylated NH2-termini--most cellular proteins fall in this category--were not degraded by this system. Other studies have suggested that the identity of the NH2-terminal residue is important in determining the metabolic stability of a protein in vivo (N-end rule). Whole reticulocyte lysate and antibodies directed against the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) have now been used to show that such acetylated proteins are degraded in a ubiquitin-dependent mode. Although fractionation of lysate does not affect its proteolytic activity toward substrates with free NH2-termini, it completely abolishes the activity toward the blocked substrates, indicating that an important component of the system was either removed or inactivated during fractionation. An NH2-terminal "unblocking" activity that removes the blocking group, thus exposing a free NH2-terminus for recognition according to the N-end rule, does not seem to participate in this pathway. Incubation of whole lysate with labeled histone H2A results in the formation of multiple ubiquitin conjugates. In contrast, the fractionated system is devoid of any significant conjugating activity. These results suggest that a novel conjugating enzyme (possibly a ubiquitin-protein ligase) may be responsible for the degradation of these acetylated proteins by recognizing structural features of the substrate that are downstream and distinct from the NH2-terminal residue.     

密穗小麦(Triticum compactum Host.)α-醇溶蛋白基因5’上游调控区序列分析

本文根据已报道的α-醇溶蛋白基因5’上游调控区和编码区的保守序列,设计特异性引物,以5份密穗小麦DNA为模板,用PCR克隆的方法获得了51条α-醇溶蛋白基因5’上游调控区序列。对长度大于380 bp的19条序列进行了分析,发现19条序列均含有与基因表达相关的重要调控元件,包括胚乳基序元件TGTAAAG、GCN4类似元件ATGAGTCAT、CAAT框、AAA G基序、TA-TA框、GCN4类似基序ATGAC(T)GATCAT以及CAC-box,同时在序列中出现了AACA元件。序列比对表明,密穗小麦与普通小麦和乌拉尔图小麦α-醇溶蛋白5’上游调控区存在较为丰富的变异,遗传差异较大。对各序列的5’上游调控区进行聚类分析,结果发现基于调控区序列不能完全区分材料的种属,同时根据已知染色体位置的序列,可以看出上游调控区序列并未表现出染色体特异性。     

Identification of the fusion peptide of primate immunodeficiency viruses

Membrane fusion induced by the envelope glycoproteins of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIVmac) is a necessary step for the infection of CD4 cells and for the formation of syncytia after infection. Identification of the region in these molecules that mediates the fusion events is important for understanding and possibly interfering with HIV/SIVmac infection and pathogenesis. Amino acid substitutions were made in the 15 NH2-terminal residues of the SIVmac gp32 transmembrane glycoprotein, and the mutants were expressed in recombinant vaccinia viruses, which were then used to infect CD4-expressing T cell lines. Mutations that increased the overall hydrophobicity of the gp32 NH2-terminus increased the ability of the viral envelope to induce syncytia formation, whereas introduction of polar or charged amino acids in the same region abolished the fusogenic function of the viral envelope. Hydrophobicity in the NH2-terminal region of gp32 may therefore be an important correlate of viral virulence in vivo and could perhaps be exploited to generate a more effective animal model for the study of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.     

巴西橡胶树小橡胶粒子蛋白基因5'调控序列的克隆及功能初步鉴定

法尼基焦磷酸合酶是异戊二烯生物合成途径中的一个关键酶,根据NCBI数据库中巴西橡胶树法尼基焦磷酸合酶基因HbFPS序列设计引物,克隆了HbFPS起始密码子上游1066bp的5'调控序列。序列分析表明,该序列A/T含量为77.39%,含有典型的真核生物核心启动子区域,在该序列中发现了一些与真核生物典型的顺式调控元件相似的TATA-box、增强子元件、CAAT-box和GATA-box以及一些与激素、胁迫诱导、转录因子相关的顺式作用元件。构建了含有该序列的植物表达载体并转化烟草,对获得的转基因烟草T0代植株GUS染色发现转基因植株呈现蓝色,表明HbFPS的5'调控序列可以驱动GUS基因的表达,具有启动子的活性。