桂晚柑贮藏试验初报

桂晚柑果实采后通过不同药剂处理后产地常温贮藏和５±１℃低温贮藏１１０天，进行腐烂率，失重，果实品质理化分析及感观鉴评等对比研究。结果表明，桂晚柑果实在２月下旬采收后能在产地常温贮藏近３个月，低温冷藏４个月，是一个耐贮性较强的优良桔橙杂交种。     

紫花芒果品质在冷藏过程中的变化

紫花芒果在一个月的低温贮藏期间，果实品质发生较规律的变化。随着贮藏期的延长，果实的后熟程度不断增大，贮至３０天，果实的可食程度最佳；充分饱满的紫花芒果，在适温（１３±１０Ｃ）和一定的湿度（８５—９０％）条件下贮藏，贮藏天数与果实后熟程度呈极显著的正相关关系（Ｒ＝０．９９８６＊＊）；而与果实可滴定酸含量呈显著的负相关。冷藏出库后经一定的货架时间，果实风味与常温自然后熟的果实几乎完全一致。若果实采收熟度不够，酸度过高（＞３．０％），果实在贮藏期间难以后熟，酸度偏高，品质较差。     

温度对南瓜采后贮藏特性的影响

以"东升"南瓜(印度南瓜)为试材,将南瓜果实分组并分别置于5、10、15℃及常温(21~23℃)条件下贮藏并定期取样检测,研究常温和低温贮藏条件下印度南瓜的外观、营养、生理指标的变化规律。结果表明:低温贮藏可延缓南瓜采后贮藏品质劣变的进程。在南瓜采后的同一时期,低温贮藏可以显著降低果实失重率、腐烂指数、呼吸强度、细胞膜透性(相对电导率)及丙二醛含量,并延缓果实硬度、含水量、可溶性固形物等指标的下降速度。但贮藏温度也并非越低越好,在5℃贮藏条件下20d出现冷害现象,且冷害程度随着贮藏期的延长加速增长。综合比较各指标的变化规律可以看出,10℃是南瓜贮藏最适宜的温度。     

预处理温度对金水柑贮藏品质的影响

以金水柑果实为试材，用5℃、30℃、40℃和常温（CK）处理3d后，置于5-7℃条件下贮藏，每隔15d测定其品质变化。结果表明：可溶性固形物含量先上升，后下降，预处理温度越高，上升速度越快，下降也越快；但对可溶性固形物总值没有影响。随着贮藏时间的延长，酸度和好果率均下降，40℃下降最快，30℃下降最慢。预处理温度越高，果实失重越严重。     

贮藏温度对笋瓜（印度南瓜）果实呼吸速率和品质指标的影响

以青农绿栗1号（简称绿栗）和桔栗3号（简称桔栗）两个印度南瓜为材料,研究了常温和低温贮藏条件下印度南瓜品种呼吸速率和品质指标的变化规律。结果表明：低温贮藏条件下供试印度南瓜果实的呼吸速率变化较小|而常温下贮藏的呼吸速率呈上升趋势,并于贮藏后25 d达到高峰。印度南瓜果实中的多糖、淀粉含量均呈现下降的趋势|而类胡萝卜素含量则呈增加的趋势,且以常温贮藏条件下增加较快。可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白质含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势。除类胡萝卜素外,绿栗果实中多糖、淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于桔栗。低温贮藏条件下印度南瓜果实多糖、淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白质含量均高于常温贮藏。     

不同贮藏温度对大五星枇杷果实保鲜效果的研究

枇杷成熟于初夏高温多湿季节，果实生理活动旺盛，含水量多，极易腐烂变质，一般条件下难以贮存和长途运销，采后损失率高。目前，枇杷贮藏最常用的方法是冷藏法。郑永华等把枇杷果实在1℃低温贮藏，可显著抑制果实失水，贮藏期可达20天以上；Mukerjece认为，枇杷贮藏在3℃低温下能减少腐烂；周德荣通过0、5、15℃和常温比较表明，“照种”枇杷在5℃下贮藏31天的好果率最高为83．9％。但近年来，一些研究报道，枇杷果实在不适宜的低温下长期贮藏会发生冷害现象。曾雅鹃等发现，在1℃低温下贮藏，枇杷果皮难剥，果肉变硬，     

水杨酸对大久保桃贮藏期品质的影响

大久保桃采收后分别用不同浓度水杨酸处理,然后分别于室温和冷库中贮藏。结果表明：水杨酸处理对果实有保硬作用,但这种作用与水杨酸浓度及处理后果实的贮藏条件和贮藏时间有关;常温下水杨酸的保硬作用不显著。水杨酸对桃贮藏期可溶性固形物含量无影响。水杨酸处理后果实总酸含量均先下降,低于对照,虽然在低温贮藏后期,水杨酸处理果实总酸有高于对照的趋势,但总体来看,水杨酸对常温和低温贮藏果实总酸含量并无显著影响。水杨     

‘红富士’苹果常温贮藏试验初报

测定贵州省2个苹果主产区‘红富士’苹果常温贮藏下失重率、病果率、果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量4项指标的变化,比较2个产地‘红富士’苹果常温下贮藏性能。结果表明:‘红富士’苹果果实失重率随着贮藏时间的推移均呈现下降-上升-下降的趋势,长顺‘红富士’苹果失重率明显高于威宁‘红富士’果实;常温贮藏15～20d未出现病果;长顺‘红富士’苹果常温下耐贮性好于威宁‘红富士’苹果。     

贮前热处理对白沙枇杷贮藏效果的影响

白沙枇杷青种(Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lind1.cv.Qingzhong)果实采后经48~52℃、10分钟的热水处理,然后在常温(25~30℃)和低温(4~6℃)下贮藏。通过对贮藏期间果实的可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、果肉组织的相对电导率、失重以及褐变和腐烂等情况的变化分析,研究贮前热激处理对白沙枇杷果实贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,热处理后低温贮藏的白沙枇杷果实可溶性总糖持续上升,酸含量逐渐下降,风味变浓,且果实不易失水皱缩,保持果实较好的外观;而直接低温贮藏的果实果皮较易出现皱皮现象。由此可见,热激处理技术结合低温冷藏是保持白沙枇杷果实品质,延长贮藏寿命的有效措施之一。     

桂晚柑花粉及其育性研究

采用扫描电镜、琼脂培养和柱头整体压片荧光法，对桂晚柑花粉形态、亲缘关系和育性进行了研究。结果表明，桂晚柑花粉体积小，表面具网状纹饰、网眼小、网脊宽，其亲缘关系与桔、橙较近，与柚次之。桂晚柑花粉可育，但４８小时后丧夫生活力。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.