Nomenclature report on rice WRKY's - Conflict regarding gene names and its solution

Background

Since whole genome sequences of rice were made publically accessible, the number of articles on new rice genes has increased remarkably. The Committee on Gene Symbolization, Nomenclature and Linkage (CGSNL) of the Rice Genetics Cooperative published the gene nomenclature system for rice and encouraged researchers to follow the rules before publishing their results. The CGSNL provides an on-line registration system for newly identified rice genes to prevent conflicts and/or duplication of gene name in journal articles.

Findings

Recently, the CGSNL surveyed genes in the rice WRKY family in published journal articles and found several duplicated gene names.

Conclusions

To discuss and resolve inconsistencies in WRKY gene nomenclature, the rice WRKY working group was established and redefined the nomenclature. This report announces the conclusion.     

水稻WRKY转录调控因子基因功能研究进展

 WRKY转录调控因子的生物学功能涉及植物生长发育、物质代谢、抗病耐逆、氧化衰老等诸多方面。水稻全基因组测序完成后,水稻WRKY转录调控因子基因的功能研究随之逐渐开展,目前已经发现它在植物抗病、耐逆、衰老、糖代谢以及形态建成方面发挥重要作用。随着研究的深入,水稻WRKY基因的编号未能统一,很容易让人混淆,有必要进行校正。结合作者实验室的一些研究结果,对水稻WRKY基因家族的研究现状进行了综述,以期为进一步深入开展WRKY基因家族的研究提供帮助。     

水稻雄性不育及不育基因定位研究进展

本文对水稻雄性不育及育性基因定位的研究进行了综述,主要阐述了水稻核质互作雄性不育和细胞核雄性不育的类型及育性相关基因的定位,以期为深入研究和应用水稻雄性不育及其基因定位提供参考。     

水稻节水栽培试验研究报告

通过研究水稻不同灌水方法即浅—湿—浅间歇灌溉、湿润灌溉、常规灌溉对水稻产量及耗水量、成本的影响。结果表明,湿润灌溉较常规灌溉节水5247t,节水率33%,节约成本220元/hm2,是一项保护生态,节约资源的好技术,应大力推广。     

二穗短柄草WRKY基因家族成员的鉴定和分析

WRKY转录因子以基因家族形式存在,在植物生长、发育和逆境反应中起着重要作用。二穗短柄草是大麦、小麦和禾本科牧草的模式植物,为了给基因表达和功能鉴定奠定基础,本研究利用生物信息学方法鉴定和分析其WRKY转录因子。结果表明,二穗短柄草有76个WRKY基因,它们具有0～6个内含子,编码区全长396～2 847 bp,基因分布在5条染色体上;进化分析结果表明,二穗短柄草WRKY在系统发生树上聚为3组,分属于I、II和III类转录因子;核心序列除WRKYGQK外,还有WKKYGQK、WRKYGKK、WRKY-GEK、WRKYGQT和WKKYGPK等多种变异类型;锌指模体也存在多种变异,它们是C-X4-C-X21-H-X1-H、C-X3-C-X22-H-X1-H、C-X7-C-X28-H-X1-C、C-X7-C-X24-H-X1-C、C-X7-C-X26-H-X1-C、C-X6-C-X24-H-X1-C、C-X7-C-X33-H-X1-C、C-X6-C-X32-H-X1-C和C-X7-C-X32-H-X1-C。     

高抗水稻白叶枯病新基因Xa-23转导超级杂交水稻技术探讨

利用中国农业科学院作物所提供的中野5112、中野5114、CBB23等具有高抗白叶枯病新基因Xa-23材料,通过杂交、回交和分子标记辅助选择技术．将Xa-23基因转导到超级杂交水稻恢复系、保持系和光敏核不育系．并配制出超级杂交水稻新组合。本文就白叶枯病新基因Xa-23的转导技术进行了探讨。并提出了预期达到的技术指标。     

北方粳型两系杂交水稻杂种优势的比较试验报告

利用2003G59S等4个粳型两用不育系与盐粳48等4个常规优良品种(系)共配成16个两系杂交水稻组合,分析了各不育系杂种7个主要农艺性状的杂种优势。结果表明:4个两用不育系的杂种均具有明显的产量超亲优势和竞争优势。其中以2003G59S最高,其次依次为G72S、G89S和G82S;16个具有产量竞争优势的组合中,以G82S/C258组合为最高,其次依次为G59S/辽盐92、G72S/盐粳48、G82S/盐粳48。     

杂交水稻混播制种技术研究进展

将含水稻除草剂敏感(致死)基因的水稻变异系农林8号M系,采用有性杂交的手段,将其转移到含强恢复基因的架桥系中,进而培育含敏感基因的三系恢复系1m056-1,同步选育与该恢复系播始历期相近的三系不育系绿三A配制杂种,选育成功能混播混栽,可以进行机械化收割的强优势组合2E06.采用混播混栽方法制种,在授粉后喷施9 000mL/hm2苯达松,杀死父本,保留母本.制种产量可达6 690kg/hm2,比常规制种产量提高40%左右;商品代杂交种单产可达10 500kg/hm2左右,比对照增产10%左右.     

水稻病虫草害安全控制技术试验示范初报

针对化学农药污染严重影响稻米品质问题,开展试验示范。结果表明,在盘锦稻区,采用生物农药菌毒杀星防治稻瘟病;用1%苦参碱杀灭稻水象甲;用杀虫灯、糖酒醋液诱杀水稻害虫;用稻糠、生物纸膜、养殖河蟹消灭稻田杂草等项技术措施,可安全有效地控制水稻田中病虫草害,且无任何环境污染。     

Genetics of anther indehiscence with exerted stigmas and its application in hybrid rice breeding

Complete indehiscence of anthers accompanied with exerted stigmas outside the hull could be useful in hybrid rice breeding if the genetics and possible environmental effects are well understood. Studies were undertaken to identify the sources, confirm the mode of inheritance, and examine the possible environmental effects and potential application of anther indehiscence with exerted stigmas in hybrid rice breeding. Direct and reciprocal crosses were made between Jasmine 85, selected interspecific and intersubspecific lines and two wide compatibility varieties. The resulting F₁ progenies were evaluated for their expression of anther indehiscence and exerted stigmas. Expression of anther indehiscence with exerted stigmas by both direct and reciprocal crosses suggested no effect of cytoplasmic factors on the expression of the trait. Segregation analysis supported the 7:1 (indehiscence:dehiscence) mode of inheritance. Temperature and relative humidity could not modulate the fertility/sterility status of anther indehiscent plants. Utilization of anther indehiscence with exerted stigmas in hybrid rice breeding was hindered by trait fixation and propagation.     

水稻抗旱性的主要鉴定指标及其抗旱相关基因的分子生物学研究进展

水资源短缺日益成为限制农业发展的严重问题,水稻作为用水量最多的农作物,其抗旱性研究尤其重要。本文主要介绍与水稻抗旱性有关的一些农艺性状和生理生化指标,及水稻抗旱相关基因的定位克隆及转基因研究进展。     

大豆DELLA基因家族鉴定及分析

DELLA基因家族是调控植物与环境互作和植物发育的重要调控因子,可以促进微生物与植物共生关系建立过程中侵染线的形成,是参与赤霉素信号通路的负调控蛋白,在影响植物激素相关基因表达,调节植物与微生物共生固氮和生长发育方面具有重要的作用,但是在大豆中DELLA基因家族的结构特征还没有详细分析。本研究对大豆中DELLA基因家族的基因结构、定位信息、蛋白结构、保守基序分析、系统进化树、顺势作用元件、与拟南芥同源基因的共线性关系和基因表达模式进行了研究。结果发现,大豆基因组中共有7个DELLA基因家族成员,分布在7条不同的染色体上,这些基因都只有一个外显子,一个N端DELLA结构域,并且基序分布相似,证明其基因编码序列结构域高度保守。系统进化树分析表明DELLA家族有三个亚族,其启动子区域含有大量的顺式作用元件,这些元件参与植物激素反应、干旱诱导和光反应。大豆DELLA基因Glyma.11G216500、Glyma.18G040000、Glyma.08G095800和Glyma.05G140400与拟南芥中的AT1G14920、AT1G66350和AT2G01570呈共线性关系;其中Glyma.1...     

水稻直链淀粉的影响因素、直链淀粉对加工品质的影响及遗传

综述了影响水稻直链淀粉的因素,直链淀粉对稻米加工品质的影响及直链淀粉的遗传分析。并提出一些问题及看法。     

转基因花生对根瘤菌的影响和外源基因向根瘤菌逃逸风险性研究

用含花生条纹病毒壳蛋白基因的转基因花生品系TP-1、TP-7为材料,通过水培生长试验表明在花生不同生长时期,转基因花生对单株花生根瘤菌结瘤数量和结瘤重量无明显影响.对从转基因花生品系TP-1、TP-7上分离的100个根瘤菌样品PCR检测结果,花生根瘤菌中无花生条纹病毒壳蛋白基因特异性片断.结果初步说明导入花生的花生条纹病毒壳蛋白基因不会对根瘤菌结瘤生长特性产生影响,外源基因从花生向根瘤菌逃逸的机率很小.     

Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of hybrid rice in China using the Xa23 gene derived from wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)

A novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene, Xa23, identified from Oryza rufipogon was introgressed into three popular restorer lines (Minghui63, YR293 and Y1671) for wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility by marker-assisted backcross breeding approach in combination with artificial inoculation and stringent phenotypic selections. The three derived BB resistant restorer lines (Minghui63-Xa23, YR293-Xa23 and Y1671-Xa23) and their hybrid combinations with Zhenshan97A (Shanyou63-Xa23), NongfengA (Fengyou293-Xa23) and Zhong9A (Zhongyou1671-Xa23) demonstrated similar BB resistance spectrum as the donor parent, CBB23 (B). The newly developed BB resistant restorers and their derived hybrids were identical to their respective original versions for agronomic traits especially under disease free condition. However, under severe disease condition, the three BB resistant restorer lines exhibited significantly higher grain weight and spikelet fertility as compared to the respective original restorer lines thus further resulting in BB resistant hybrids with significantly higher grain yields than their respective popular original hybrids. The results indicated that the Xa23 gene could completely express its dominant broad spectrum resistance in different backgrounds of both restorer and male sterile lines across different growth stages, suggesting its immense breeding value in BB resistance improvement for hybrid rice. Moreover, a reasonable utilization and deployment of Xa23 gene for efficient control of BB disease in hybrid rice production was recommended.     

大豆Whirly基因家族的鉴定和表达分析

Whirly家族是一类植物特异的转录因子,它们能与单链DNA分子结合,无论在细胞核还是在细胞器内都有着广泛而复杂的生物学功能。然而,目前还没有关于大豆Whirly基因的研究报道。本研究首次在全基因组水平鉴定和综合描述大豆Whirly基因家族成员,以期为它们的后续功能研究提供理论基础。该研究在大豆基因组中鉴定到了7个Whirly基因,并对其理化性质、亚细胞定位、进化关系、基因结构、蛋白基序组成、三维结构和基因表达模式等进行综合分析。根据它们的进化关系、基因结构和蛋白基序组成,将其分为两大类。蛋白三维结构分析结果表明,GmWHY5蛋白由于N端的缺失,缺少了β1-4和α1,与其它大豆Whirly蛋白结构差异很大。利用已公布的转录组数据进一步研究了大豆Whirly基因的表达谱,结果显示其组织和胁迫表达模式差异很大。例如GmWHY1、GmWHY2、GmWHY6和GmWHY7的表达水平明显高于GmWHY3、GmWHY4和GmWHY5。总之,这些发现将为大豆Whirly基因家族的研究提供重要的资源,并为进一步阐明其分子机制奠定基础。     

无公害水稻栽培施肥技术研究

通过对无公害水稻栽培施肥技术的试验研究,结果表明,增施腐熟有机肥,实行有机肥与无机肥配合施用,有利于水稻群体质量提高,降低稻米产品中有害物质的含量,实现高产、优质、无公害。明确赣榆地区无公害水稻栽培施肥技术应该是有机肥与无机肥配合施用,比例以5∶5为宜,前后期肥料运筹比例为6∶4为宜。     

Quality characteristics and field performance of selectable marker-free transgenic rice with antisense Wx gene and improved quality derived from the elite parents of hybrid indica rice

In rice grains, high amylose content (AC) is correlated with poor grain quality, particularly in indica hybrid rice. To obtain indica hybrid rice with improved cooking and eating qualities, we introduced the antisense Waxy (Wx) gene into 2 elite parental lines of indica hybrid rice by using co-transformation methods. Subsequently, we selected several elite homozygous transgenic lines that did not contain the selectable marker. The expression of the endogenous Wx gene of the selected transgenic lines was significantly downregulated, resulting in low AC in the mature seeds; moreover, the AC in some lines reduced to the level observed in glutinous rice. With the decrease in AC, the gel consistency of the transgenic rice became softer, and the gelatinization temperature tended to be higher than those of the wild types, especially in the case of the Longtefu-derived transformants. We also analyzed the pasting properties of the selected transgenic low-AC lines, and we noted an improvement in the pasting properties of the transgenic rice lines. The results from a field trial indicated that the grain weights of the transgenic lines with lower AC exhibit remarkable reduction compared with those of the wild types.     

水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa3/Xa26家族成员的表达模式分析

 水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa3/Xa26是一个多基因家族的成员。为了检测该基因家族中是否可能存在其他抗病基因和这些成员可能发挥功能的部位,系统研究了Xa3/Xa26基因家族成员的表达模式。将籼稻品种明恢63、特青、93 11和粳稻品种日本晴中Xa3/Xa26基因家族的13个成员（MRKa、Xa3/Xa26、MRKc、TRKa、TRKb、TRKc、9RKa、9RKb、9RKe、NRKa2、NRKe、NRKf1和NRKf3）的启动子与编码绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的报告基因进行融合表达,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法将不同启动子调控的报告基因分别导入水稻。通过检测GFP表达,分析这些家族成员的组织特异性表达模式,发现Xa3/Xa26基因家族成员的表达模式基本一致,主要集中在水稻各组织的维管束细胞及其周围细胞中。Xa3/Xa26基因家族的表达模式与抗维管束病原菌（如白叶枯病菌）基因的功能非常吻合。这种表达模式为寄主进化过程中,从该家族不断产生新的抗病基因提供了重要信息。