毛蛋粉代替鱼粉饲喂生长育肥猪试验

在生育育肥猪的日粮中，用毛蛋粉（或死胚胎蛋（代替鱼粉为试验组，有鱼粉的日粮对照组，在１２５天试期内，试验组平均每只日重为６２．５ｇ，对照组６２．０ｇ，料肉试验组为３．３３：１，３．３４：１；经ｔ检验差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），试验组比对照组提高经济效益２７．０１％，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

脱盘1号中药饲料添加剂促脱角盘及增茸效果的研究

为使公鹿角盘提前脱落，延长鹿茸的生长期，提高鹿茸产量和经济效益，用脱盘１号中药饲料添加剂进行了促脱角盘及增茸效果的试验研究。试验结果表明，试验组比对照组平均提前６ｄ脱掉角盘，鹿茸产量显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５），产量增加２５％，特别是对于促进再生茸的生长作用更加显著。     

饲喂百奥美速酵源对荷斯坦乳牛产奶量及乳品质的影响

饲喂百奥美速酵源试验组头日产奶量比对照组增２．０１千克，提高７．１％，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）；试验组乳脂率和乳千物质率显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。试验组乳脂量、乳干物质量极显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；经济效益分析表明投入产出比为１：４。     

加藤菌对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

本试验选择健康无病,产蛋性能稳定的５４周龄尼克红商品蛋鸡２８８只,随机等分为２组,每组设３个重复,每重复４８只,对照组喂以普通日粮,试验组在普通日粮基础上添加０．１％加藤菌,相同环境条件下饲养５７ｄ。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组产蛋率提高５．８７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,产蛋量提高５．６８％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,鸡蛋中硒含量增加２６．６７％（Ｐ〈０．０２）,铁含量增加２０．４５％（Ｐ〈０．１２）,锌含量增     

蝗虫粉饲喂肉鸡效果的研究

对商品代京黄肉用型雏鸡进行６０天饲喂蝗虫粉试验，结果：在基础日粮中添加５％蝗虫粉添加剂的试验组，比对照组平均日增重提高１５．２２％（Ｐ〈０．０１），饲料报酬每千克增重比对照组节省饲料０．３３ｋｇ（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

正大151LP与102P浓缩料饲喂商品瘦肉猪对比试验

在商品瘦肉猪基础饲料相同的条件下，试验组加入１５％正大１５１ＬＰ、对照组加入２０％１０２Ｐ，结果表明：试验组比对照组日增重多１４９ｇ，提高３３．６％，差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。试验组比对照组每增重１ｋｇ少耗料０．９７ｋｇ，饲料转化率提高２４．０６％，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

中药饲料添加剂对梅花鹿脱盘增茸效果观察

用中药饲料添加剂（黄芪３０ｇ，大枣１５ｇ，神曲２０ｇ，麦芽２０ｇ，当归２０ｇ，何首乌２０ｇ，枸杞子２０ｇ，陈皮２０ｇ，桔梗１５ｇ，松针３０ｇ，淫羊藿２０ｇ，麦饭石３０ｇ，甘草１５ｇ），对８０只梅花鹿进行了脱盘、增茸试验。结果表明，试验组比对照组平均提前１６ｄ脱盘，生茸期延长９ｄ，头茬茸产量增加１９．６７％，再生茸增加１１４％，两组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），经济效益明显     

在蛋种鸡和肉种鸡日粮中添加核黄素的效果

在３６８只京黄肉种鸡父母代和５３５只京白蛋种鸡父母代日粮中按每天每只２．５ｍｇ添加核黄素，经４５天饲养试验，其结果表明：试验组京黄肉种鸡种蛋的合格率和受精蛋孵化率分别比对照组提高４．４％（ｐ＜０．０５）和７．２３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；京白蛋种鸡分别比对照组提高４．３％和４．０４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。试验组的产蛋率和种蛋受精率也较对照组有所提高，料蛋比有所下降（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

稀土饲料添加剂饲养绵羊的剂量选择试验

选用半舍饲的周岁龄青海细毛羊５６只，分为三组，试验１、２组各２０只，对照组１６只。在同等饲养管理条件下，试验１、２组每只羊每日分别添加０．２ｇ和０．１ｇＲＣＦ－３稀土添加剂，进行６０ｄ饲养试验。结果：试验１、２组绵羊平均日增重分别比对照组提高３０．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１２．６％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；平均羊毛长度分别比对照组提高２２．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和５．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；经济效益分别比对照组提高２５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５％）。试验１组平均日增重，羊毛长度和经济效益分别比２组提高１５．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）以试验１组的效果为佳。     

用微贮啤酒糟代替鲜啤酒糟饲喂奶牛效果试验

用微贮啤酒糟代替鲜啤酒糟进行了奶牛饲养试验,试验组乳脂率比对照组提高３．７５％,差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）;日均产奶量比对照组增加,０．９ｋｇ,提高２．９９％,差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）,但按４％标准乳脂校正奶计算,比对照组增加１．３５ｋｇ,提高５．０１％,差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）平均体重比对照组增加８．３ｋｇ,差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）,试验结果表明,用微贮啤酒糟是完全可行的,不仅保留了鲜啤酒糟的     

鹿产茸性能的调控因素

在阐述鹿茸的药理作用和营养特性的基础上,分析了鹿品种、年龄、营养及激素、骨化、光照、温度、中草药添加剂、适时收茸、体重等因素对茸鹿产茸性能的影响,为提高鹿茸产量和质量提供了理论基础。     

饲粮粗蛋白质、能量水平对3岁梅花公鹿鹿茸生长和体增重的影响

为探讨 3岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮适宜营养水平 ,本研究采用 2 (CP∶2 1%和 19% )× 2 (GE∶16 74MJ/kg和 15 90MJ/kg)二因子交叉设计 ,选用 3岁 (二锯 )梅花公鹿 6 7头 ,分为 4个试验组 ,进行了饲养试验和消化试验。试验结果表明 ,饲粮蛋白质水平对鹿体增重有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在本试验所设能量浓度范围内 ,饲粮蛋白质水平为 19%处理组鹿体增重显著高于 2 1%蛋白组 ;鹿茸产量组间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;饲粮粗蛋白质水平对蛋白质消化率和能量消化率均有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ;3岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮中能量、蛋白质适宜水平分别为 15 9～ 16 7MJ/kg (GE)和 19% (CP) ;平均每头鹿每天对消化能和可消化蛋白质的需要量分别为 2 9 9～ 31 3MJ和 388～ 394 g。     

Behavioural and heart rate responses to velvet antler removal in red deer

Heart rate and behaviour during and following velvet antler removal were monitored in yearling red deer stags to determine the extent to which this procedure was perceived by the deer to be aversive. Nine stags normally kept at pasture were habituated over 5 weeks to the following daily handling procedure. Each deer was fitted with a harness containing a heart rate monitor. It was then allowed to run through a fixed course in a deer yard, restrained for 40 s in a mechanical deer crush, and then confined for 3.5 h with the remainder of the group of stags in an indoor pen containing food and water. In Week 6, the deer were subjected to either restraint for 6 minutes (the control treatment) or removal of one velvet antler under local anaesthesia. Each velvet antler was removed on separate occasions, either on Days 1 and 2 (five deer) or Days 3 and 4 (four deer). The control treatment was applied to all deer when velvet antler was not being removed, and on Day 5. Heart rate and behaviour (time taken to enter the treatment area, and number of struggles made during restraint) were measured before and during treatment, and post-treatment activities were recorded at 0, 1 and 3 h (indoors), and at 6 and 9 h (at pasture). Heart rate was higher during the second velvet antler removal treatment than during the first, but lower during the second control treatment than the first (P<0.05). During velvet antler removal, stags struggled more, and after the treatment flicked their ears, shook their heads, and groomed themselves more than control stags (P<0.05). Stags whose velvet antler had been removed spent less time eating than control stags, and spent progressively more time sitting during the 3.5 h of confinement (P<0.05). However, during the paddock observation at 9 h post-treatment, stags which had had their velvet antler removed grazed more than control stags (P<0.05). The increase in heart rate over the two velvet antler removal treatments and the greater amount of struggling during velvet antler removal indicated that it was more aversive than the control treatment. Post-treatment differences in behaviour may have been due to pain following velvet antler removal.     

Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on nutrient digestibility and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus Nippon)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and antler growth in male sika deer. Twenty 3‐year‐old male sika deer were divided into four groups (Control, T40, T80 and T120). The control diet contained 22.2 mg Mn/kg. The treatment diets were supplemented with 40, 80 and 120 mg of Mn/kg (provided as Mn methionine). The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in the T80 group was greater than other groups. Higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed in the T80 group than in the control group. Plasma Mn concentrations in the T80 and T120 groups were higher (P < 0.01) than control and T40 group (P < 0.01). The concentration of Mn in feces was increased with increasing Mn amount. Average daily gain of fresh antler and dry antler of T80 was greater than other groups, especially the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the suitable level of Mn supplementation was found to be 80 mg/kg (total Mn content 103.4 mg/kg dry matter), which significantly increased antler daily gain and feed digestibility in 3‐year‐old sika deer.     

应用703B饲料对梅花鹿增茸的初步试验

根据一家一户的分散养鹿很难自配全价鹿用饲料的实际情况,我们推出适合一家一户使用的703B增茸料。用703B增茸料配制的全价鹿用饲料,既可降低单位饲料成本,又可促进鹿茸增产,提高养鹿效益。试验结果表明,试验组头茬鹿茸产量比对照组增产12.5%～38.5%;二茬鹿茸产量比对照组增产150%～400%;养鹿效益比对照组提高76.9%～117.1%。     

日粮单宁水平对育成期雄性梅花鹿生长发育、角基萌发和初角茸生长的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮单宁水平对育成期雄性梅花鹿生长发育、角基萌发和初角茸生长的影响。选用24头体况相近的育成期雄性梅花鹿,采用单因素随机分组设计,分为4组,每组6头。对照组饲喂不添加单宁的基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加1%、2%、4%单宁。预试期4d,正试期140d。结果表明,Ⅱ组梅花鹿体重、体高的平均日增长显著高于对照组(P0.05),各组间体长、管围的平均日增长差异均不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组梅花鹿角基萌发时间早;Ⅰ组梅花鹿初角茸左、右支茸长均高于对照组和Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,其中Ⅰ组梅花鹿初角茸右支茸长显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组梅花鹿初角茸左、右支茸重均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加单宁能促进梅花鹿的生长发育,提前角基萌发时间,同时提高初角茸的产量;育成期雄性梅花鹿日粮中单宁的适宜添加量为2%。     

饲粮维生素A添加水平对7～12月龄梅花鹿生长性能、血清生化指标及初角茸生长的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素A添加水平对7~12月龄梅花鹿生长性能、血清生化指标及初角茸生长的影响。选取40只7月龄平均体重为(39.64±4.10)kg的健康雄性梅花鹿,随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只,分别饲喂在基础饲粮(含5 mg/kgβ-胡萝卜素)中添加0(对照组)、2 500、5 000和10 000IU/kg维生素A的试验饲粮。试验期从7月龄开始至12月龄结束。结果表明:1)饲粮维生素A添加水平对梅花鹿生长性能无显著性影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加2 500、5 000IU/kg维生素A显著提高梅花鹿血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.05),饲粮添加2 500、5 000、10 000IU/kg维生素A显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05),饲粮维生素A添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、丙二醛(MDA)、睾酮(T)及雌二醇(E2)含量无显著性影响(P0.05)。3)5 000IU/kg维生素A添加组初角茸干茸重显著高于对照组(P0.05),但与其他2组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,适量添加维生素A能够增强7~12月龄梅花鹿免疫和抗氧化功能,提高初角茸干茸重。7~12月龄梅花鹿饲喂以玉米和苜蓿草粉为主的饲粮时,饲粮维生素A适宜添加水平为2 500~5 000IU/kg。     

梅花鹿三杈茸、二杠茸、角盘中钙、磷含量比较

为探讨梅花鹿茸内在指标性成分 ,于 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年对吉林省 11个国营鹿场人工饲养的梅花鹿三杈茸、二杠茸及其角盘中钙、磷含量进行了对比分析。结果表明 ,二杠茸钙、磷含量及钙磷之和均略高于三杈茸 ,分别为 7 32 % (Ca)、6 0 9% (P)及 13 4 1% (Ca +P) ;7 0 6 % (Ca)、5 76 % (P)及 12 82 % (Ca +P) ,二杠茸钙、磷以及钙磷之和的比较差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而鹿角盘中的钙、磷及钙磷之和分别为 7 71% (Ca)、7 4 7%(P)及 15 18% ,明显高于二杠茸和三杈茸 (P <0 0 5 )。     

增茸素对塔里木马鹿茸形态组织的影响

塔里木马鹿鹿茸组织的形态学是研究鹿茸生长发育机制的基础.本研究以增茸素处理和自然生长的生长期为30和60 d的塔里木马鹿二茬鲜茸为材料,采用常规石蜡切片和HE染色等方法,对其茸皮层、未分化的间充质细胞层、成软骨细胞层和软骨细胞层进行组织形态学研究.结果显示:自然生长60 d的鲜茸茸皮组织切片中除了静脉数(8.56士2....