都市型现代农业的内涵、特征与发展趋势

都市型现代农业是城郊型农业发展的高级阶段,是一种不同于都市农业的农业类型。笔者系统地介绍了都市型现代农业的概念,它具有生产属性、生态属性和生活属性,并具有九大基本特征;它与都市农业的不同之处体现在适用范围、农业所依托的都市类型、地域范围等方面,与城郊型农业的不同则体现在空间布局、体制结构、功能结构、建设理念、产业结构、技术体系、投入重点等七个方面。提出了都市型现代农业的发展趋势。     

Social and Psychological Benefit of Urban Green Space

Recent rapid urbanization has broad impact on the contemporary urban environment. Preserving the natural environment has become the central issues in the world. The main concern of this paper is to address the importance of social function of green space. Some results of a survey conducted among visitors of urban parks in Mianyang city in Sichuan Province are presented and discussed. The results confirm that open space experiences have a positives influence on psychological and mental health. Urban green space verifies beliefs about stress-reduction benefits and mental health, and advances social intercommunication. Finally, the monetary evaluation methods of urban green space, such as contingent valuation method, hedonic pricing method, travel cost method, are discussed.     

现代艺术在城市园林设计中运用的讨论

摘要：随着当今社会的发展,大众的生活水平、文化水平、对艺术的认识水平不断提高,人们的审美水平在日益的增长。现代艺术设计是新时代的产物,而设计与艺术是无法分隔开的。城市园林设计是现代最为综合的艺术,它与现代艺术形式之间有着必然的联系。如今,城市园林设计飞速发展,艺术设计在艺术学领域也在蓬勃兴起。本文简要对城市园林设计的内涵做了界定,阐述了城市园林设计与现代艺术之间的关系,从园林中的小品、雕塑、植物造景等多个方面,分析了现代艺术影响下的城市园林设计。     

现代都市农业发展水平评价研究

本文采用文献研究法,从评价指标选取原则、评价指标内涵、评价方法3个方面对国内都市现代农业发展水平评价体系文献进行梳理,发现国内都市现代农业发展水平评价体系渐趋完善,评价方法丰富。但还存在着一些问题如：指标内涵的确定主观性太强;文化指标、都市农业观光等功能性指标的研究较少;评价指标权重的确定太过主观能动性;研究对象较单一等。提出了未来应当继续从以下几个方面开展研究：（1）在确定指标时,应当选择典型性的指标,并且以因子分析法为主,使指标更加科学化、合理化;（2）重视文化、都市观光等新兴指标的研究,并与社会、经济、社会发展指标相融合、关联,展现都市农业的多功能特征;（3）在对指标权重进行赋值时,为了避免主观性,多采用数学建模的方式;（4）丰富研究对象,开展不同对象之间的比较研究（包括横向和纵向发展水平比较）。研究为科学评估现代都市农业发展水平、构建现代都市农业发展水平评价体系提供了借鉴。     

城市灌木群落小气候效应的时空分布

如何评价城市绿地规划设计的科学性是当前城市生态学、景观生态学和园林生态学的研究热点。现有研究主要着眼于不同类型绿地内部与周围空间小气候的静态分析,而对于绿地对周边环境的生态过程则报道甚少。笔者报道的试验主要以灌木为研究对象,选取太原市几处有代表性的灌木林,利用仪器对植物群落斑块周边温度和湿度在空间和时间的梯度变化进行了测试,以探索城市绿地对其周边环境温湿度的影响的时空分布特征。实验结果表明:植物的叶面蒸腾是绿地产生降温增湿等生态效应的主要原因。绿地对周边空气温湿度的影响随着与绿地距离的增加而递减。其影响力的大小与温度的变化成正相关。该研究揭示了绿地能够有效缓解城市高温的机制和影响格局,丰富了城市小气候环流理论,对城市规划和绿地景观设计都具有一定的指导意义。     

The Changing Organisation of Work in Malaysia’s Electronics Industry

The early growth phase of Malaysia’s electronics industry coincided in the 1970s with high unemployment and accelerated rural­urban migration and a willingness to make considerable concessions to foreign transnationals seeking suitable cheap and passive labour sites. The result was a very rigid exploitation of the labour force. Interviews with a variety of contemporary electronics firms show how this changed in the I 980s and I 990s. Demand for labour increased and unemployment declined, automation removed much of the labour intensity and raised the need for skill and cooperation and commitment of those hired to work in an increasingly sophisticated sector. Wages rose and management practices changed, together with the introduction of flexible production techniques, preventative maintenance and quality control, each of which required considerable employee participation. Despite these changes, both firms and government have resisted attempts nationwide unionisation of the industry.     

Assessment of the Importance of Greenery in Urban Planning in Modern Britain

In recent years, the world has embraced rapid and large-scale urbanization making more citizens share the progress of society, such as abundant commodities, convenient and fast transportation, excellent medicine and education. For the urbanization, more land inside or around the limited cities have been exploited at the expense of greenery to build buildings as well as infrastructure to satisfy the according demands caused by urbanization. But human beings can never live without greenery, and more citizens mean more needs on greenery. In view of this, the importance of greenery has been increasingly recognized by urban planners and policy makers. This essay aimed to explore the role that greenery plays in urban planning in modern Britain and provided the theoretical basis for better utilization of greenery in the future urban planning.     

Design Strategies for the Sustainable Improvement of Urban Social Assistance Buildings

Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban social assistance building, as well as researches and practices of sustainable improvement of domestic architecture, proposed environmental, social and economic objectives of the sustainable improvement of urban social assistance building, and elaborated design strategies from the perspectives of site selection and its impact on environment, application, evaluation and utilization of ecological technologies, reform of old buildings, flexible internal layout of building and combination of routine use and disaster use design, so as to improve social benefits and social assessment of assistance buildings sustainably, and to balance humanistic concerns and social resource input.     

Contextual Relations between Modern Architecture and Science,Art and Technology in Social Changes

Modern architecture has been not only influenced by political, economic, cultural and social factors in its development history, but also related to the development of science, art and technology. By taking the time sequence of modern architecture development in social changes as the longitudinal axis, and the influence of the three technological revolutions, science and technology (physics, chemistry, biology), art development on modern architecture as the horizontal axis, this study through the overlay analysis elaborated the correlation between modern architecture and the development of science, art and technology in social changes, and summarized five characteristics and laws of modern architecture. It provided a theoretic reference for knowing the history of architecture, and creating the future architecture, and also for the future development of local and national architecture.     

都市型现代观光农业产业规划探析——以绵阳市仙海旅游度假区为例

以绵阳市仙海旅游度假区为例,在对都市型现代农业的概念和基本内涵进行初步概括的基础上,对都市型现代观光农业的产业规划原则、功能定位和具体的农业产业项目案例进行了探析,提出了仙海都市型现代观光农业产业空间布局规划构想和重点发展与培育1个支柱产业、2个主导产业、3个优势产业的产业发展目标。文章对探索都市型现代观光农业的规划方法和规划实践,具有一定的理论和实际指导意义。     

北京都市型现代农业社会化服务体系创新模式研究

农业社会化服务体系建设是发展现代农业的必然要求。随着北京都市型现代农业的快速发展,京郊涌现出乡镇农业综合服务中心模式、政府购买服务模式、金融合作扶持模式、院区联动模式、农村乡土能人带动模式、专业合作组织带动模式、龙头企业带动模式、专业市场带动模式等多种农业社会化服务体系创新模式。为研究北京都市型现代农业社会化服务的发展态势,笔者对各种模式的内涵特点、运行方式、重要意义等进行阐释,为北京市及其他省市都市型现代农业社会化服务体系的构建提供经验借鉴。     

新时期北京都市型现代农业发展的战略思考

都市型现代农业是现代农业发展的高级阶段。在建设世界城市和“人文北京、科技北京、绿色北京”的大背景下,对北京现代农业的发展提出了更高的要求。笔者通过总结北京都市型现代农业的发展成就,分析目前北京都市型现代农业发展面临的挑战,提出了新时期北京都市型现代农业的发展思路和重点工作。     

城镇环境污染对人类健康的影响

随着世界范围内城镇化进程加快,城镇规模扩展,生产、生活、交通、能源等对煤和石油的大量消耗,造成大量的“工业三废”排放到环境中,致使环境质量下降.生活在城镇中的人难以躲避来自于空气、饮水、食物、噪声乃至光的污染,健康受到损害.环境污染影响人体健康的特点是多因子、多介质、低剂量、长期作用。环境中任何物理的、化学的以及生物的因素的改变都可对人类健康产生影响,由此引发哮喘、过敏、高心病、重金属中毒以至癌症等威胁人类健康的疾病,并使城镇人口的死亡率上升。     

植物群落的概念与优化设计

本研究明确了园林植物群落的概念,强调了园林植物群落在园林设计中的重要性。剖析了植物群落在园林设计中存在的问题,并提出了相应性的解决方案。本研究以哈尔滨某高校植物群落为例,对其进行了优化设计探讨,以期为园林植物群落设计水平的提升,提供出有益的参考。     

城镇环境污染对人类健康影响

随着世界范围内城镇化进程加快,城镇规模扩展,生产、生活、交通、能源等对煤和石油的大量消耗,造成大量的“工业三废”排放到环境中,致使环境质量下降.生活在城镇中的人难以躲避来自于空气、饮水、食物、噪声乃至光的污染,健康受到损害.环境污染影响人体健康的特点是多因子、多介质、低剂量、长期作用。环境中任何物理的、化学的以及生物的因素的改变都可对人类健康产生影响,由此引发哮喘、过敏、高心病、重金属中毒以至癌症等威胁人类健康的疾病, 并使城镇人口的死亡率上升。