Postnatal Osteological Development of the Cervical Vertebrae in the New Zealand White Rabbit

This study used the New Zealand White rabbit to reveal the normal ossification development of the cervical component of the spine. Preserved cervical vertebrae representing five different age periods, each period including five individuals and the total number of animals being 25, were fixed in 3.5% formaldehyde solution and 95% ethanol, followed by a pure acetone bath. The materials were then stained with an alcian blue–alizarin red combination. The ossification centres were identical over time, and the pattern of fusion among them was homogenous and constant in appearance. There were three different primary ossification centres in all the cervical vertebrae except the axis, which showed four primary ossification centres. The dorsally located primary ossification centres later formed the pedicles of the neural arches, while the ventral centres constituted the body of each vertebra. The study was terminated at 10 weeks of age because the ossification centres observed in the cervical vertebrae completed their fusion and no further ossification centres were observed.     

Glaucoma in a New Zealand White Rabbit Fed High-cholesterol Diet

Goniodysgenesis, malformation of the filtration angle, was observed in a New Zealand white rabbit supplied with 100 g/day rabbit chow containing 0.2% cholesterol for 10 months. Histopathology revealed cupping of the optic disc, atrophy of the retina and hyalinization of the ciliary body in the bilateral eyeballs. These findings corresponded with histopathological features caused by glaucoma. On the basis of these findings, we diagnosed this lesion as glaucoma, and classified it as primary glaucoma because of the presence of developmental defects of the filtration angle. In this case, hypercholesterolemia-induced changes, such as aggregation of lipid-laden macrophages and cholesterin clefts in the sclera or choroid, might cause deterioration of the lesions in glaucoma.     

豫丰黄兔与新西兰兔、哈白兔增重对比试验研究

豫丰黄兔与新西兰兔、哈白兔进行增重对比试验表明,豫丰黄兔在增重、饲料转换率方面都略高于新西兰兔,而稍低于哈白兔,经t检验差异不显著（P＞0.05）,说明豫丰黄兔作为一个新的培育品种,具有良好的生产能力和饲料转换能力。     

木瓜粉对新西兰白兔繁殖性能及泌乳性能的影响

选取前2胎产仔数相近、体况一致的新西兰白兔妊娠母兔48只,随机分成3组,探讨木瓜粉对母兔繁殖性能、泌乳量及血清激素等指标的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加5％、10％木瓜粉。妊娠18天时试验开始至仔兔30日龄断奶时结束,为期42天。结果显示：与对照组相比．试验组仔兔初生窝重、21天窝重、断奶窝重显著提高（P〈0．05）,产仔数、活仔数、断奶数等差异不显著（P〉0．05）．两试验组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;木瓜粉显著提高母兔7、14、21天的泌乳量（P〈0．05）,提高21天血清E2、PRL水平（P〈0．05）。结果表明添加木瓜粉可提高母兔的繁殖性能和泌乳性能。     

新西兰白兔屠宰率的通径分析

选用代表循环、呼吸、消化、免疫等生理系统的内脏器官，以各内脏器官与胴体重的比率作为代表指标，对它们与屠宰率进行了通径分析。结果表明，心重率和脾重率是影响屠宰率的主要内脏器官性状，其他各器官主要是通过心脏来对屠宰率产生影响的。     

普那菊苣饲喂新西兰肉兔的效果研究

利用普那菊苣配合精料育肥新西兰肉兔,在5个精青料搭配组合中,精青料比为1:20时,只日均增重为 22.63 g,屠宰率为68.39％,经济效益为9.53元,与其他组合差异显著,是一个比较理想的搭配组合,可直接用于生产推广。     

德国大白兔与新西兰兔早期生长规律及饲料转化效率的比较

对德国大白兔、新西兰兔两个品种的早期生长规律及对不同饲料的转化效率进行研究比较。结果表明：无论是德国大白兔,还是新西兰兔,都表现出早期生长快的特点,而且以３０－７５日龄生长最快,在此期间,新西兰兔日增重平均为３２．１ｇ,德国大白兔为４３．６ｇ;与新西兰兔相比,德国大白兔生长更快,整个试验期的日增重始终高于新西兰兔;从饲料报酬看,对同一饲料,虽然德国大白兔的饲料报酬高于新西兰兔,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０     

苜蓿草粉对新西兰白兔生长的影响

选取28日龄断奶新西兰白兔88只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂含花生秧粉35%的日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别添加15%、25%和35%的苜蓿草粉替代花生秧粉,测定28～70日龄阶段的增重、日增重,分析其经济效益。结果显示:对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组兔28～70日龄日增重分别为31.82g、33.71g、38.23g和29.26g,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组只均增重和日增重均与对照组存在显著或极显著的差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的料重比分别比对照组下降6.14%、7.31%、11.40%;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的死亡率较对照组分别降低4.54%、9.09%、18.18%;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组只均获利分别比对照组提高9.41%、14.48%、31.85%。     

不同饲料添加剂对新西兰白兔生产性能的影响

为了探讨不同饲料添加剂水平的饲粮对新西兰白兔生产性能的影响,试验采用加日龄健康新西兰白兔,按性别对等原则分成4组,试验期为12周.对照组只饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲粮中加入适量营养型物质.试验Ⅱ组为中草药添加剂组,试验Ⅲ组为酶制剂、营养型物质和中药添加剂组.测定第3、5、8周各组新西兰白兔的体重、体长和胸围.12周后屠宰,测定其相关生产性能指标,并统计饲料报酬和成活率.结果表明,试验Ⅲ组各项生产性能指标明显高于对照组,且差异显著(P<0.05);与试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组相比各项指标略高,但差异不显著(P>0.05).表明营养型物质、中草药添加剂以及酶制剂在基础饲粮中的适量添加对新西兰白兔的生产性能有明显的促进作用.     

Performance of New Zealand White and Californian male weaned rabbits in the subtropical environment of Egypt

The New Zealand White (NZW) was superior significantly ( P  < 0.05) to the Californian (Cal) breed in final body weight, final total body solids and preslaughter weight. In contrast, Cal showed greater plasma creatinine ( P  < 0.001) than the NZW. The differences in the other traits were not significant. NZW also showed higher dressing percentage and Cal showed higher mortality percentage. The Temperature-humidity Index (THI) values indicated absence of heat stress in the first period (mild period) and exposure to moderate (very close to severe) heat stress in the second one (hot period). The heat stress conditions caused significant ( P  < 0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) decreases in each of final body weight, daily body gain, daily feed intake, final total body solids, solids daily gain, plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipids, glucose, thyroid hormone T3, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and preslaughter weight. At the same time, significant ( P  < 0.001 or 0.01) increases occurred in each of water intake, water/feed ratio, total body water (mL/100 g body solids), blood urea-N, creatinine, respiration rate and rectal, skin and ear temperatures. The interaction of breed x period effects was significant ( P  < 0.01 or 0.05) on plasma creatinine and hind-limb cut. Estimations of 'adaptability' to the subtropical environment of Egypt were found to be 83.1% for NZW and 82.6% for Cal breeds.     

新西兰白兔SOD1基因编码区克隆及生物信息学分析

试验旨在克隆新西兰白兔SOD1基因CDS区并对其进行生物信息学分析。根据GenBank中穴兔SOD1基因序列（登录号：NM_001082627.2）设计特异性引物,利用RT-PCR技术扩增并克隆新西兰白兔SOD1基因完整的CDS区序列,测序鉴定后与其他物种进行同源性比对并构建系统进化树,使用SOPMA、SWISS-MODEL、ExPASy、ProtParam等软件和在线工具对蛋白序列进行分析,并预测蛋白分子的亚细胞定位及互作网络。结果显示,新西兰白兔SOD1基因CDS区长度为459 bp,A、T、C、G碱基含量分别为24.84%、18.95%、23.09%和33.12%,GC含量大于AT含量,编码153个氨基酸。同源性比对结果发现,新西兰白兔与穴兔、卷尾猴、人、黑猩猩、普通狨、骆驼、家犬、猕猴、野猪、小鼠的同源性分别为99.8%、85.2%、85.0%、84.7%、84.1%、83.9%、83.9%、83.7%、83.2%和81.3%。系统进化树结果显示,新西兰白兔和穴兔进化关系最近,并单独聚成一个分支。新西兰白兔SOD1蛋白分子质量为15.7 ku,理论等电点（pI）为5.86,分子式为C₆₇₂H₁₀₈₄N₂₀₀O₂₂₁S₅,不稳定指数为23.79,脂肪系数为78.89,平均亲水指数（GRAVY）为-0.276;属水溶性蛋白,无信号肽及跨膜区。SOD1蛋白包含5个潜在的磷酸化修饰位点和3个潜在的糖基化位点;在45-120位氨基酸处存在1个保守的活性中心;二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,占53.59%;三级结构建模显示蛋白易形成同源二聚体。亚细胞定位结果显示,细胞质、细胞核和线粒体分别占65.2%、26.1%和8.7%;SOD1蛋白在体内能与SOD2、PRDX1、PRDX3、PRDX4、DERL1等分子形成互作网络。本试验结果为进一步深入研究SOD1基因的功能及探索其与相关疾病的关系提供了参考依据。     

日粮添加维生素E对急性热应激环境下生长肉兔血液抗氧化指标的影响

选用24只3月龄新西兰白兔,研究日粮中添加不同水平维生素E(320mg/kg和640mg/kg)对急性热应激环境下血液抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明:添加高水平的维生素E对急性热应激环境下肉兔超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)无显著影响,热应激过程中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)生成量显著减少(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著改善(P<0.05)。     

闽西南黑兔与新西兰白兔的屠宰性能及肉品质研究

本实验旨在研究闽西南黑兔及新西兰白兔的屠宰性能及肉品质,为闽西南黑兔在异地(山东省)繁育提供理论基础。选择35日龄、断奶体重(854±13)g的闽西南黑兔及断奶体重(635±18)g的新西兰白兔各20只(公、母各半),饲养管理相同,在(100±2)d全部进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能和肉品质指标。结果表明:闽西南黑兔的屠宰体重、胴体重等显著低于新西兰白兔;闽西南黑兔的背最长肌的红度值和黄度值显著高于新西兰白兔,肌肉脂肪沉积显著低于新西兰白兔;新西兰白兔的背最长肌中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于闽西南黑兔,各屠宰性能和肉品质之间没有显著的性别差异。本研究表明,相比新西兰白兔,闽西南黑兔的肌肉呈现良好的色泽,不饱和脂肪酸沉积少。     

新西兰白兔生长发育规律的研究

本研究对初生、７、１４、２１、２８、４２、５６、７０和８４日龄等９个阶段日龄组的３４只新西兰白兔的体长、体重及主要内脏器官的重量或长度分别进行了测定。结果显示：４２日龄之前，仔、幼兔身体各部分随着体重的增加呈现较迅速的增长，至４２日龄后生长发育速度减慢；根据非线性方程Ｙ＝ａＸ~ｂ计算的异速生长系数ｂ值，主要内脏器官的早熟序列为：胸腺－肾－心脏－肺－胃－肝－小肠－脾－结、直肠－盲肠．     

不同营养水平对肉兔生产性能的影响

采用U6 (63 ×3)均匀设计方案,选择35日龄断奶新西兰白兔144只,进行为期6 周的饲养试验,主要探讨了消化能、粗蛋白、粗纤维等3 个因素及3 个水平对肉兔增重、饲料消耗、料肉比等指标的影响。结果表明,最优组合为消化能9.62MJ/kg、粗蛋白13.5% 、粗纤维17% ,能量是肉兔采食和生长的限制性因素。     

不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质的影响。选取120只健康、体重相近(1.06 kg±0.09 kg,公、母各半)的35日龄断奶新西兰兔,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂添加6%、12%、18%和24%蚕沙的日粮。试验结束后,每组选取接近平均体重的4只兔(公、母各半)屠宰,测定肌肉品质指标。结果显示,不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质有一定影响,其中各组肉色、pH、失水率和蒸煮率差异不显著(P＞0.05),而剪切值试验组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),且随蚕沙添加量的增加呈减小的趋势;在化学性状中各组水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。     

四川白獭兔毛皮性状研究

四川白獭兔是通过美系獭兔和德系獭兔各含50%的血缘杂交,然后采取群体继代选育法培育出的獭兔新品系.被毛密度(22935根/cm2),细度(16.78μm),自然长度(17.46mm),皮肤厚度(1.69mm)等各项指标均达到或超过国家轻工部(ZB-XX-91.SG-364-84)獭兔皮质量标准和四川省种獭兔(DB51-330-2001)出场标准,能为社会提供优良的种兔和优质原料皮.     

Development of the New Zealand White Rabbit Eye: I. Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of Eye Tunics

The New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit has been and is right now regularly utilized in ophthalmic surgery evaluation. Inside NZW rabbit eye, the visibility of ocular structures throughout surgical procedure is fantastic. Younger rabbits are used in different ages for the evaluation of ophthalmic surgery. Complete studies of ocular development in the NZW rabbits have not been reported previously. The aim of the present investigation was to describe the major landmarks and the time course of the pre‐ and post‐natal development of the complete eye tunics of the NZW rabbit to give a superb model as well as a fruitful area for further ophthalmological investigations. Serial histological sections of NZW rabbit prenatal (E13–E28) and post‐natal (P1–P14) stages were examined, respectively. The eye of the NZW rabbit developed in a similar manner to that of the human and domestic animals eyes; the principal differences were at the time of occurrence of certain developmental events, absence of pigmentation which represent an exploited benefit for ophthalmic surgery, remarkable Bowman's membrane at E25, poor developed ciliary stroma and juvenile retinal layer until P9. In human, the basic morphogenetic processes of the development of eye tunics are completed towards the end of the first half of gestation period. However, the latter represents the beginning stage of the development of eye tunics in the rabbit. Thus, allowing various extensive ophthalmic researches to be performed.     

Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits

Objective

To characterize the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine when administered as a short intravenous (IV) infusion to isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits.

兔解偶联蛋白1基因第2外显子基因多态性研究

为了解兔肉质性状特征,给兔的品种选种选育提供理论依据。本试验选取新西兰兔和加利福尼亚兔分别构建各自的DNA池,对解偶联蛋白1(uncouplingprotein 1,UCP1)基因的第2外显子及第1内含子部分序列进行扩增,扩增产物进行双向测序,利用BLAST和DNAStar分析并确定其SNP。结果分析,在新西兰兔中发现6个SNPs:T135C、C232T、T332C、C360T、T550C和A560G,其中T135C和C232T为同义突变,T332C、C360T、T550C、A560G 4个突变位点位于内含子区。利用RNA在线预测软件预测UCP1基因RNA二级结构最小自由能由-917.51 kJ/mol变为-866.10 kJ/mol,说明SNPs对UCP1基因的RNA二级结构产生影响。