旋耕机刀片运行轨迹及进刀量计算

旋耕机属于带旋转工作部件的土壤耕作机械,其工作原理与一般的土壤耕作机械有本质区别。旋耕机刀片运行轨迹及进刀量是旋耕机结构设计中的重要参数,影响旋耕机最终的工作效果。为此,介绍旋耕机刀片运行轨迹及进刀量的计算方法,以期为旋耕机的设计提供参考。     

1GN-180型旋耕机的设计

介绍旋耕机的工作原理和总体设计思路,论述1GN-180型旋耕机主要参数的确定方法,重点讨论旋耕刀的结构组成,以及侧切刃、正切刃曲线、制作材料的设计及确定,为相关人员设计、改进旋耕机提供技术参考。     

基于太阳能的旋耕机智能控制系统设计

传统的旋耕作业主要以人工作业为主,作业人员的劳动强度大、工作效率低、耕作质量差,随着农业现代化的发展,其作业效率有了一定的提升,但大多数旋耕机采用的是交流电或蓄电池供电,对电能的依赖性较大,在断电或电网故障情况下旋耕机无法正常工作,有很大的局限性。为此,针对太阳能技术进行了研究,将太阳能应用在旋耕机控制系统中,分析了旋耕机机械结构和工作原理,完成了基于太阳能的旋耕机智能控制系统总体方案的设计,并进行硬件及软件设计。仿真试验结果表明:基于太阳能的旋耕机智能系统能够将太阳能转换为电能进行存储,在断电或电网发生故障时进行供电,以保证旋耕机具有较强的工作环境适应性。     

果园避障旋耕机的研究与设计

针对现有旋耕机果园作业时株距间的区域无法耕作、造成少耕漏耕现象,需要人工进行二次补耕的问题,将液压避障系统应用于果园作业,设计了一种果园避障旋耕机。通过理论分析与计算,确定了旋耕机各工作参数,并对各系统和主要工作部件进行了设计,进而确定了整机的结构与技术参数。该果园避障旋耕机结构简单、工作可靠,具有良好的使用价值与推广前景。     

基于理论力学的旋耕机核心结构布局研究

针对现有的旋耕机作业效率和作业水平较低、作业效果无法达到农民要求的问题，基于理论力学对旋耕机的核心结构布局进行了设计与分析。旋耕机的主要组成包括机架、传动系统、电源和动力装置、旋耕刀和工作部件、避障系统、耕深调节装置及悬挂装置。为了保证旋耕机在作业过程中的动力匹配，通过建立旋耕机各部件的功耗数学模型，以优化旋耕机的结构和运动参数，提升旋耕机的作业性能。为了验证旋耕机的性能，对其进行机械作业性能测试，结果表明：旋耕机的作业效果良好，最终确定的旋耕机的基本性能参数合理。     

旋耕机刀轴的设计及刀片排列

本设计主要论述了旋耕机刀轴的合理设计及刀片在刀轴上的合理排列,针对现有旋耕机刀轴设计中的多种问题提出了相应的解决办法。本文重点论述了旋耕机刀片如何快速准确排列,用以解决旋耕机刀轴带来的整机震动、耕作效果差等多发问题。     

基于云技术和大数据的旋耕机作业状态监测系统设计

首先,对云技术和大数据技术的工作原理进行了概述;然后,设计了旋耕机耕深测量系统和姿态检测系统;最后,利用大数据和云计算技术实现了旋耕机作业状态监测系统,可以实时对旋耕机作业状态进行检测,并对其一定时间内的状态进行预估。实验结果表明:设计的旋耕机作业状态预估模型预测精度较高,可为旋耕机健康状态评估和劣化趋势判断提供参考。     

旋耕机机架焊接工装设计

主要论述了旋耕机机架焊接工装的设计与制造,针对现有旋耕机机架在焊接制造过程中的变形与校正提出解决方案。本文重点论述如何正确设计工装及制定相关工艺参数,以杜绝或减小旋耕机机架焊接后的变形量。     

旋耕机发展应用状况研究

在详细介绍旋耕机种类及其特点的基础上,介绍旋耕机的国内外发展历程及现状,论述旋耕机在整地中存在的问题及影响其工作性能的主要因素,为旋耕机具的研究发展及推广应用提供有益的借鉴。     

立式旋耕机传动系统设计及旋刀运动分析

针对当前我国联合播种机常用耕作部件存在易漏耕和不能适应高速作业的问题,设计了一种立式旋耕机.简述了立式旋耕机的结构和传动系统主要设计参数,通过对旋刀运动学分析得出立式旋耕机前进速度只影响碎土质量;通过对旋刀不同安装方式的运动轨迹和受力仿真分析,得出选择适合的旋刀安装等分角可显著减少整机受力;立式旋耕机工作平稳,但存在重复切屑,导致耕作带土壤细碎不一致.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。