眠乃宁对黑熊的麻醉试验

为了掌握眼乃宁的药性和适用于黑熊的麻醉剂量，先后对218头黑熊做有效麻醉剂量的选择与观察，结果表明，眼乃宁对黑熊的最佳麻醉剂量为3．5mL／100kg体重．     

Ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine in wild black bears

In winter, the ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine is 10 or less in denning female and male bears. In midsummer it is 22 or more, similar to that of other mammals. However, in late summer and early fall, while food is available, the urea-to-creatinine ratio approaches or becomes 10 or less. The low value of this ratio appears to indicate the biochemical state of hibernation, and many bears are in this state weeks before they den.     

延边地区黑熊资源开发利用的现状及发展趋势

延边地区黑熊资源比较丰富，目前人工养殖数达3147头，占全国养殖数的27.4%，是本地区经济发展的支柱产业，仍有持续发展的趋势，本文分析了延边地区黑熊资源开发的现状及发展趋势，针对存在的问题进行了探讨，并提出了持续利用的建议。     

活体引流术熊胆汁的细菌分离与鉴定

为了解活体引流术后熊胆汁中的细菌分布情况及其耐药性，从延边某熊场无菌采集6只熊的胆汁样本，进行细菌分离鉴定及药敏试验．结果共分离出细菌12株，其中大肠杆菌6株，金黄色葡萄球菌3株，绿脓杆菌2株，沙门氏菌1株．药敏试验结果表明，大肠杆菌对头孢噻肟、氯霉素和头孢唑啉高度敏感；绿脓杆菌对庆大霉素高度敏感；沙门氏菌对氧氟沙星及诺氟沙星高度敏感；金黄色葡萄球菌对氨苄西林／舒巴坦、头孢唑啉、哌拉西林、头孢哌酮、氨苄西林、红霉素和头孢氨苄等高度敏感．     

Regulation of body temperature in the blue-tongued lizard

Lizards (Tiliqua scincoides) regulated their internal body temperature by moving back and forth between 15 degrees and 45 degrees C environments to maintain colonic and brain temperatures between 30 degrees and 37 degrees C. A pair of thermodes were implanted across the preoptic region of the brain stem, and a reentrant tube for a thermocouple was implanted in the brain stem. Heating the brain stem to 41 degrees C activated the exit response from the hot environment at a colonic temperature 1 degrees to 2 degrees C lower than normal, whereas cooling the brain stem to 25 degrees C delayed the exit from the hot environment until the colonic temperature was 1 degrees to 2 degrees C higher than normal. The behavioral thermoregulatory responses of this ectotherm appear to be activated by a combination of hypothalamic and other body temperatures.     

不同温度对小地老虎实验种群的影响

研究了不同温度对小地老虎发育、存活、生殖、种群参数、种群趋势指数等的影响 .结果表明 :在 17- 35℃恒温内 ,小地老虎的发育速率随温度上升呈逻辑斯蒂曲线趋势 .该虫卵的孵化率 (SE)、幼虫的存活率 (SL)、蛹的存活率 (SP)、成虫产卵量 (E)和种群趋势指数 (I)与温度 (X)变化的回归关系分别为 SE=- 118.94 17+19.0 12 X - 0 .4 2 14X2 ;SL =- 10 7.2 795+18.0 815X - 0 .4 0 4 3X2 ;SP=- 10 6 .0 318+17.7372 X - 0 .384 5X2 ;E =- 4 5.10 2 7+455.50 0 3X - 9.350 4 X2 和 I =- 1757.318+176 .76 59X - 3.6 6 56 X2 .通过不同温度下实验种群参数的比较得出 :2 5℃时内禀增长力最大 (rm=0 .1353) ,2 1℃次之 (rm=0 .130 6 ) ,确定最适温度为 2 1- 2 5℃ .高温不利于种群的生长发育 ,在 35℃时 ,各虫态存活率及成虫产卵量急剧下降 .     

Noise-induced reduction of inner-ear microphonic response: dependence on body temperature

The rate of reduction of chinchilla cochlear microphonic response with exposure to steady noise is less at lower body temperatures and greater at higher body temperatures. Before exposure to noise, this auditory response is invariant within the range of temperatures employed. The mechanism of reduction of cochlear response appears to involve processes sensitive to body temperature.     

Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate

We derive a general model, based on principles of biochemical kinetics and allometry, that characterizes the effects of temperature and body mass on metabolic rate. The model fits metabolic rates of microbes, ectotherms, endotherms (including those in hibernation), and plants in temperatures ranging from 0 degrees to 40 degrees C. Mass- and temperature-compensated resting metabolic rates of all organisms are similar: The lowest (for unicellular organisms and plants) is separated from the highest (for endothermic vertebrates) by a factor of about 20. Temperature and body size are primary determinants of biological time and ecological roles.     

3月龄黑鲷形态性状对体质量的影响效果分析

为探究黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus形态性状对体质量的影响效果,对250尾3月龄黑鲷的体质量(Y)和8个形态性状,即全长(X_1)、体长(X_2)、体高(X_3)、体宽(X_4)、头长(X_5)、躯干长(X_6)、尾柄长(X_7)、尾柄高(X_8)进行测量,并采用相关分析和通径分析方法进行了以体质量为因变量、其他形态性状为自变量的多元回归分析。结果表明:3月龄黑鲷幼鱼的8个形态性状与体质量间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),并通过逐步回归分析,建立了最优线性回归方程为Y=-6.347+0.389X_2+1.690X_5+0.364X_1+0.544X_6+0.555X_4+0.591X_7+0.650X_8+0.404X_3;通径分析表明,体长对体质量的直接影响最大(0.288),其他性状主要通过体高来间接影响体质量。研究表明,对黑鲷幼鱼进行选育时,除体质量外,还应结合体长和体高来进行辅助选择。     

温度对农田黑土氮初级转化速率的影响

为探讨不同温度下土壤氮素的供应、固持和消耗损失过程,从而为农田土壤合理施用氮肥提供科学依据,以黑龙江省农田黑土为对象开展室内培养试验(15、25、35℃,60%WHC),采用15N同位素成对标记技术(~(15)NH_4NO_3和NH415NO3,15N标记丰度为5atom%,氮浓度为60 mg N·kg~(-1))及FLUAZ数值优化模型研究土壤氮初级矿化速率、初级固定速率和初级硝化速率对温度变化的响应。结果表明:在15～35℃范围内,土壤氮初级矿化速率随培养温度的增加显著增加,但25～35℃范围内的增幅小于15～25℃。在15～25℃范围内,土壤氮初级固定速率和初级硝化速率随培养温度的增加显著增加,而在25～35℃范围内土壤氮初级固定速率和初级硝化速率随培养温度的增加显著降低,但仍然显著高于15℃处理。15℃和25℃处理土壤氮初级矿化速率与初级固定速率比值(gm/gi)以及初级硝化速率与初级铵态氮固定速率比值(gn/ia)均稍大于1,两处理间没有显著差异,而35℃处理的gm/gi值和gn/ia值均远大于1。研究表明,温度在15～25℃范围内,土壤有机氮的矿化与固定过程耦联相对紧密,硝态氮累积及淋溶风险较小;而35℃高温条件下土壤有机氮矿化速率和硝化速率均显著大于铵态氮的生物固定速率,表明硝化作用是铵态氮的主要消耗过程,可能会增加硝态氮的累积、反硝化和淋溶风险。     

3月龄黑鲷形态性状对体质量的影响效果分析

为探究黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus形态性状对体质量的影响效果,对250尾3月龄黑鲷的体质量(Y)和8个形态性状,即全长(X_1)、体长(X_2)、体高(X_3)、体宽(X_4)、头长(X_5)、躯干长(X_6)、尾柄长(X_7)、尾柄高(X_8)进行测量,并采用相关分析和通径分析方法进行了以体质量为因变量、其他形态性状为自变量的多元回归分析。结果表明:3月龄黑鲷幼鱼的8个形态性状与体质量间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),并通过逐步回归分析,建立了最优线性回归方程为Y=-6.347+0.389X_2+1.690X_5+0.364X_1+0.544X_6+0.555X_4+0.591X_7+0.650X_8+0.404X_3;通径分析表明,体长对体质量的直接影响最大(0.288),其他性状主要通过体高来间接影响体质量。研究表明,对黑鲷幼鱼进行选育时,除体质量外,还应结合体长和体高来进行辅助选择。     

m-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid formation from L-dopa in man: suppression by neomycin

The increased excretion of m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the urine of patients with parkinsonism being treated with L-dopa was reduced by gut sterilization with neomycin. The p-de-hydroxylation step is thus brought about solely by the action of gut flora; the pathway is unlikely to be involved in the events within the brain leading to the therapeutic benefit effected by L-dopa.     

四川省水稻螟虫的越冬研究

2008年对四川省水稻螟虫的越冬情况进行了系统调查,结果表明:二化螟、三化螟和大螟在四川稻区均可越冬。二化螟在越冬数量和分布区域上都占优势。二化螟主要以老龄幼虫在稻桩稻秆中都能越冬,以稻秆中越冬的数量更大;三化螟在龙泉、珙县等稻区有分布且占优势数量,幼虫只在稻桩中越冬;大螟数量很少,在部分地区有分布,主要以大龄幼虫在稻秆中越冬。     

许氏平鲉精子超微结构及超低温冷冻对其形态的影响

为进一步探索卵胎生许氏平鲉Sebastes schlegelii繁殖生物学特性,探究超低温冷冻技术对精子形态结构的影响,对许氏平鲉(体质量500～750 g)鲜精和超低温冷冻后精子的超微结构进行了研究。结果表明:经扫描、透射电镜观察,发现精子在变态过程中细胞核纵向增长,细胞质浓缩,成熟精子头部呈叶片状,无顶体;线粒体多向尾部基部集中,为精子运动供能,鞭毛由线粒体及轴丝组成且具侧鳍结构;精子经冷冻保存后,虽有少部分形态正常,但多数出现尾部断裂、部分线粒体丢失及线粒体内膜嵴和细胞膜受损等现象。研究表明,卵胎生许氏平鲉精子的头部形状和线粒体数与其他卵生鱼类有较为显著的差别,超低温冷冻后,精子形态结构受到较大损伤,推测多数精子受精活力减弱或失去受精能力。     

温度对小地老虎发育和繁殖的影响

研究小地老虎在16℃、19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃、31℃和34℃ 7个温度下的生长发育和繁殖情况.结果表明,随着温度升高,小地老虎生长速度加快,发育历期缩短;至31℃时,卵、幼虫和蛹的生长速度开始减缓.随着温度的升高,小地老虎的雌性比例在不断的下降.在低温和高温下,小地老虎的成虫寿命会缩短.存活率和产卵量会下降,说明高温和低温对小地老虎的生长极为不利.25℃左右是小地老虎种群生长发育和繁殖的最适温度.小地老虎全世代的发育起点温度为10.74℃,有效积温为620.64日度.     

Australian desert mice: independence of exogenous water

Certain Australian desert mice can survive and may gain weight on a diet of dry seed without drinking water. Urine concentrations for two of the three species studied are the highest recorded for mammals. The kidneys appear to be the major avenue of water conservation.