不结球白菜单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

为揭示不结球白菜单株产量与主要农艺性状间的关系，利用灰色关联度分析法，对18个不结球白菜品系的单株产量和8个主要农艺性状间的关联度进行分析。结果表明，不结球白菜各农艺性状与单株产量性状间的关联度排序为株幅＞最大叶叶宽＞最大叶叶柄宽＞最大叶叶柄厚＞叶片数＞最大叶叶长＞株高＞最大叶叶柄长。株幅、最大叶叶宽、最大叶叶柄宽对不结球白菜单株产量影响最大。在不结球白菜育种过程中，注重株幅、最大叶叶宽、最大叶叶柄宽性状的选择，同时兼顾其他性状的选择，可以获得单株产量较高的不结球白菜新品种。     

白菜单株产量与主要农艺性状关系的分析

为揭示主要农艺性状对白菜单株产量的影响,以16份白菜新品系为试材,对其单株产量与8个农艺性状进行相关分析、偏相关分析、多元逐步回归分析和通径分析。结果表明,各性状中变异系数最大的为最大叶叶柄长,其次为单株产量;最大叶叶宽与单株产量达到极显著正相关,株幅与单株产量达到显著正相关;偏相关分析中单株产量与8个农艺性状均呈正相关,其中叶片数和最大叶叶宽与单株产量呈极显著正相关,其余偏相关系数较大的依次为最大叶叶柄厚和株幅;多元逐步回归分析表明Y（单株产量）=-1480.847+31.562X₅（最大叶叶宽）+26.028X₃（叶片数）+13.425X₂（株幅）+429.535X₈（最大叶叶柄厚）为单株产量性状的最优回归方程式,决定系数R²=0.930;8个农艺性状对单株产量性状的直接通径系数均为正值,排名前4的性状依次为最大叶叶宽>叶片数>最大叶叶柄厚>株幅。因此,在白菜丰产新品种选育中,应重点做好最大叶叶宽和叶片数性状的选择,同时兼顾最大叶叶柄厚和株幅等性状。     

木豆杂交组合主要性状的分析与评价

分析比较木豆杂交组合的部分农艺性状、叶特性和产量性状，并对开花期部分农艺性状、叶特性及产量性状进行相关性分析，结果表明，大部分组合在不同生育期的株高、叶面积、叶柄长、叶鲜重和叶千重均高于对照，株高较对照优势最大达44．16％。各组合单株荚数变化在104～165英之间，对照优势最高可达108．86％。组合ICPH2438和ICPH2363的单株英重、单株粒重及子粒产量等指标均高于对照品种，ICPH2438产量对照优势达34．14％。     

早熟菜心薹重与相关性状的灰色关联度分析

采用灰色关联度分析法,对29份早熟菜心薹重与相关性状进行分析。结果表明,早熟菜心的薹重与7个主要农艺性状的关联顺序依次为薹粗>最大叶宽>株高>叶柄长>叶片数>薹高>最大叶长,得出薹粗、最大叶宽和株高是影响早熟菜心薹重的重要因素。因此,在早熟菜心高产品种的选育过程中,应优先考虑薹粗、最大叶宽和株高这3个指标。     

高丹草(高粱×苏丹草)主要农艺性状的遗传参数研究

选用9份高丹草试材进行了12个性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力及遗传相关研究.结果表明:株高、叶片数、茎粗、分蘖数、叶/茎的遗传力和遗传进度较高,遗传变异范围广泛.单株鲜重、叶宽、茎粗、分蘖数、株高、叶片数与干物质产量有显著或极显著的遗传相关,叶/茎虽不显著,但相关程度很高.经通径分析,明确了这些性状对单株鲜重的直接作用,进而利用主成分分析,明确了各性状之间的关系以及对综合指标的贡献.因此,通过对这些性状的选择,可以达到对饲用产量性状选择的目的.     

高丹草（高梁×苏丹草）主要农艺性状的遗传参数研究

选用9份高丹草试材进行了12个性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力及遗传相关研究。结果表明：株高、叶片数、茎粗、分蘖数、叶／茎的遗传力和遗传进度较高，遗传变异范围广泛。单株鲜重、叶宽、茎粗、分蘖数、株高、叶片数与干物质产量有显著或极显著的遗传相关，叶／茎虽不显著，但相关程度很高。经通径分析，明确了这些性状对单株鲜重的直接作用，进而利用主成分分析，明确了各性状之间的关系以及对综合指标的贡献。因此，通过对这些性状的选择，可以达到对饲用产量性状选择的目的。     

土元粪对乌塌菜、生菜的产量及品质的影响

以乌塌菜、生菜为试材,以不施肥为对照（CK）,并与施用NPK复合肥做对比,初步研究了土元粪对蔬菜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：乌塌菜、生菜在株高、最大株幅、单株叶片数、小区产量、单株叶片重及单株重等指标上,施用土元粪与对照处理相比均表现出显著差异;但与施用复合肥处理相比,生长和产量的增加幅度较小。在品质方面,施用土元粪做有机肥与施用复合肥及对照相比,可显著降低硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐的含量,增加维生素C（Ｖc）的含量。     

早熟菜心薹重与相关性状的灰色关联分析

采用灰色关联度分析法,对29份早熟菜心薹重与相关性状进行分析。结果表明,早熟菜心的薹重与7个主要农艺性状的关联顺序依次为薹粗＞最大叶宽＞株高＞叶柄长＞叶片数＞薹高＞最大叶长,得出薹粗、最大叶宽和株高是影响早熟菜心薹重的重要因素。因此,在早熟菜心高产品种的选育过程中,应优先考虑薹粗、最大叶宽和株高这3个指标。     

柚类种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价

为了建立合理的柚类分类系统并为柚类育种提供参考,本研究以82份柚类种质资源为试材,采用变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、方差、相关性、主成分、聚类、回归分析等对其26个表型性状进行多样性分析、差异分析及综合评价。结果表明:这82个品种的26个性状的变异系数为0.26%。其中翼叶面积和果心面积变异较大,其他性状遗传特性较稳定;单果重、果横径、果形指数、果皮厚、囊瓣数、种子数、果心长和宽、叶片长和宽、叶片面积、花瓣宽、花柄长等性状等级分布均匀,翼叶面积、花瓣数、雄蕊长分级较少且分布不均;来源于中国大陆以外品种的果皮厚、叶柄长、翼叶长,明显优于长江流域和珠江流域来源的材料,但雌蕊长则相反;选育品种的叶片长、宽和面积显著大于遗传材料和地方品种;82个品种可聚为大翼叶大果型、大翼叶小果型,小翼叶大果型,小翼叶小果型4个类群;前7个主成分累计贡献率75.57%,包含了柚类表型性状的大部分信息;26个性状F平均值0.45,其中早暹柚得分最高为0.69,红肉琯溪蜜柚最低为0.24;囊瓣数、种子数等12个性状与F值极显著相关;回归方程筛选出单果重、囊瓣数等19个性状。本研究说明柚类种质资源具有较高的表型多样性,筛选出的19个性状可作为柚类综合评价指标,为柚类育种提供科学依据。     

花生种质资源主要数量性状的遗传多样性和相关性分析

为了有效地利用花生种质资源,给新品种选育提供有力的数据支持,以46份花生种质资源为试验材料,对主茎高、主茎节数、第一侧枝长、第一分枝数、总分枝数、有效枝长等主要数量性状进行了遗传多样性分析和相关性分析。结果表明：花生种质在植物学性状上拥有丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数在11.19%~82.41%之间,多样性指数在0.3095~2.0468之间,平均数为1.6805,但两者的变化趋势相反。从相关分析结果来看,主茎高和主茎节数、侧枝长、单株生产力,第二次分枝数与总分枝数,单株结果数与单株生产力,叶片长与叶片宽,荚果长与荚果宽、种子长、百果重,荚果宽与种子长、种子宽、百果重,种子长与种子宽、百果重,种子宽与百果重,百果重与单株生产力,它们之间呈显著或极显著正相关,测得相关性极显著的一对表型性状中的一个就可以描述另一个性状。     

Inheritance of head splitting in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.)

Summary The inheritance of head splitting was probed by studying two moderate inbred lines of early-splitting and late-splitting cabbages, their F₁, F₂ and backcross progenies under field condition. It was concluded that there were at least 3 gene pairs for controlling head splitting. Gene action was mostly additive but partial dominance for early splitting was detected. Narrow sense heritability was estimated as 47%.     

Breaking breeding barriers in Lycopersicon. 4. Breakdown of unilateral incompatibility between L. peruvianum (L.) Mill. and L. esculentum Mill.

Summary A brief survey is given of the occurrence of unilateral incompatibility between populations. It is reported how the unilateral incompatibility between L. peruvianum and L. esculentum has been broken stepwise by inbreeding with the aid of self-compatibility in L. peruvianum and selection in this self-compatible L. peruvianum material of absence of L. esculentum pollen tube inhibition, and how L. peruvianum material has been developed on which large-scale L. peruvianum x L. esculentum hybrid production is possible. It is concluded that the unilateral incompatibility between L. esculentum and L. peruvianum consists of a complex of separate processes.     

Breaking breeding barriers in Lycopersicon. 3. Inheritance of self-compatibility in L. peruvianum (L.) Mill.

Summary A brief survey is given of the genetics of self-compatibilith in species with a one-locus gametophytic system of incompatibility.A study has been made of the genetics of the self-compatibility found in L. peruvianum.From the results of various test crosses and selfings and of cytological research it is concluded that self-compatibility in L. peruvianum can be based on different types of S-allele mutations, on addition of an S-allele bearing chromosome fragment, or on genes modifying the S-allele expressivity.The results further indicate that generation of new S-alleles is a frequently occurring phenomenon in inbred material of L. peruvianum and that pollen with an S-allele mutation or an extra chromosome fragment is less vital than normal pollen.A short notation for incompatibility genotypes is given.     

Breaking breeding barriers in Lycopersicon. 2. Breakdown of self-incompatibility in L. peruvianum (L.) Mill.

Summary Attempts were made to break the self-incompatibility in L. peruvianum by selection of mutated S-alleles through large-scale self-pollination on clones with pollen which was mutagenically treated in different stages of development. Besides self-compatibility was searched for in inbred lines.The self-incompatibility in L. peruvianum was found to be very strict indeed. From more than 22,000 self-pollinations on 5 clones 1527 seeds were obtained, seed set being very erratic. The possible causes of this seed set are discussed. From 1527 seeds 1036 plants were raised and tested for self-compatibility.In the progenies of 4 clones from 823 plants tested, 7 were more or less self-compatible. It is concluded that this self-compatibility was spontaneous and not the result of the mutagenic treatment.In the progeny of the fifth clone plants were found which reacted as self-compatible at a temperature of about 40°C and as self-incompatible at lower temperatures. It is suggested that this character—a high temperature sensitive incompatibility reaction—is governed by one recessive gene.In inbred lines plants were found with a stable form of self-compatibility and also plants with a high temperature sensitive incompatibility reaction.The problems of an incompatibility research on inbred material are discussed. A brief survey is given of some of the characters found in inbred L. peruvianum.     

Interspecific hybridization between Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and V. vexillata (L.) A. Rich. through in vitro embryo culture

Immature embryos resulting from the cross V. vexillata × V. unguiculata were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg/l) and resulted in embryogenic calli. Thirteen hybrid regenerants were obtained via organogenesis by subculturing the calli on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2 mg/l) + adenine sulphate (40 mg/l) + CH (500 mg/l) + cowpea tender pod extract (10%). The interspecific regenerants showed intermediate morphological traits between the parents for leaf shape, pod colour and seed coat colour. The hybrid plants inherited stem, leaf and pod hairiness of the wild species which could serve as a mechanical barrier against viral vectors. Electrophoretic studies of two isozyme systems, peroxidase and esterase, also confirms the hybrid nature of the regenerants as they expressed unique bands of both parents. Cytological study of the meiotic chromosomes revealed high frequency of univalent formation in the hybrids suggesting that the genomes of the parental species are structurally differentiated. The hybrid regenerants exhibited high enzyme activity for three enzymes viz., peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase over the cultivated parent which may be useful in conferring resistance against viral pathogens. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hybrid Variegation in Crosses between Pelargonium zonale (L.) l'Herit. ex Ait. and Pelargonium inquinans (L.) l'Herit. ex Ait.

In reciprocal crosses between Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans uniformly green, uniformly bleached and variegated plants occurred among the F₁ progeny. The effect has been described as hybrid variegation and also as hybrid bleaching. Because of the differences among the reciprocal crosses, it is assumed that the zonale-plastids undergo normal development in hybrids, while the plastids of Pelargonium inquinans do not develop normally due to their interaction with the nucleus of the hybrid. Using the results obtained in the experiments, the development of zonale-hybrids from Pelargonium is discussed.     

Selection for fast germination in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. and B. Campestris L.)

Summary Eleven populations of Brassica napus L. and twelve populations of B. campestris L. were subjected to three cycles of selection for fast germination at 2°C and at 25°C. The seeds from the selected populations, and unselected control populations grown in the same environment as the selected populations, were examined for germination behaviour at 2°C and 25°C, and for growth behaviour at 10°C. The populations in both species responded differently in terms of germination behaviour to selection for fast germination. In most of the populations that did respond positively to selection, selection practised at 2°C was superior to selection at 25°C in improving percent germination at 2°C, and was as good as the selection at 25°C in improving germination rate at the higher temperature. Selection for fast germination had no effect on growth characteristics of B. napus and B. campestris populations grown at 10°C. Thus, selection for fast germination at one low temperature may lead to improvement in germination characteristics over a range of temperatures, but will not necessarily lead to improved growth performance of the selected populations.     

Gene flow from transgenic oilseed Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. into weedy Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard)

Gene flow from acetolactate synthase‐resistant (HR) Brassica juncea oilseed canola to related weed, Sinapis arvensis (density 1 plant/m²) was assessed in a 100 m² field plot of HR B. juncea. Two HR F₁ hybrids (H1 and H2) were detected among 109 951 seedlings screened with imazethapyr (hybridization frequency – 1.8 × 10^?5). Hybridity was confirmed using flow cytometry, B. juncea‐specific amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) markers, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and PCR‐based detection of B. juncea's HR gene. H1 and H2 had 2n = 27 and 2n = 45 chromosomes, corresponding 3x (SrAB) and 5x (SrAABB) genomic structures and reduced male fertility, 3.2 and 16.6% pollen viability, respectively. H1 was self‐incompatible, whereas H2 set seed when selfed (B. juncea trait). Selfed F₂, F₃ and F₄ plants showed HR trait persistence and vigorous growth and high (80–100%) pollen fertility in 22% and 39% of the F₂ and F₃ plants, respectively. No progeny were obtained from F_1, F₂ or F₃ hybrids × S. arvensis backcrosses, suggesting the likelihood of introgression of traits is low to negligible.     

Genetic evaluation of cultivated garlic germplasm (Allium sativum L. and A. ampeloprasum L.)

Garlic cultivated in rural farms of South Italy is often a heterogeneous clone population, which can comprise different cytotypes. A collection of cultivated garlic from the University of Basilicata gene-bank, was evaluated for ploidy level, and 16 different morphological traits. Out of50 accessions, 7 were hexaploids (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and43 diploids (Allium sativum L.). Significant differences in yield were observed within and between ploidy levels. The heritable traits most correlated with yield were plant height (h² = 0.62) within diploid types and neck diameter (h² = 0.75) within hexaploids. Discriminant analysis did show that four characters (leaf basal width, total n^° of leaves, clove diameter and neck height) were able to correctly discriminate all germ plasm accessions between the two species. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Transfer of disease resistance from Brassica campestris L. to rape (B. napus L.)

Summary Resistance to clubroot race 3 was successfully transferred from the Flemish turnip variety Waaslander to rape variety Nevin by the production of the fertile species B. napocampestris followed by backcrossing to Nevin. The recovery of the recurrent parent type appears to be very rapid, necessitating possibly only generations of backcrossing.