沿江稻区褐飞虱重发特点及原因分析

通过分析江苏省南通市通州区2005年～2010年褐飞虱田间系统调查资料,总结出了近年来沿江稻区褐稻虱迁入期提前、峰次多,以及短翅成虫始见早、后期补充迁入量大的发生特点,进而分析得出水稻生长后期褐飞虱暴发的主要原因是前期繁殖虫源量大、暖秋气候及生育期延长、害虫产生抗药性等。据此提出了强化测报、治前控后、综合防治的控制对策。     

宝山区稻飞虱发生特点及防治措施探讨

采用虫情测报灯和田间虫情系统调查相结合的方法,通过2013—2015年对宝山区稻飞虱发生情况综合分析,明确了该虫在本区发生特点,并对稻飞虱的综合防控技术进行了探讨。结果表明,灰飞虱、白背飞虱和褐飞虱是本区常见的3种飞虱;2013—2015年,田间发生最重的年份为2014年,2013年发生最轻;田间灰飞虱发生量最高,白背飞虱次之,褐飞虱最低。稻飞虱发生与其生物特性、气候、迁入情况、栽培条件和防治水平均有密切关系。提出了预测预报、农业防治、绿色防控与化学防治的综合防治对策。     

泰兴市褐飞虱发生演变规律及防治对策

分析研究泰兴市植保资料,得出泰兴市近年来褐飞虱发生呈现暴发频率增加,危害严重、迁入期早、迁入峰次多和繁殖快等特点,其原因在于虫源、气候、栽培等因素,在此基础上提出要加强虫情监测和技术研究,坚持治前控后和科学防治等防控对策。     

秀山县2006年稻飞虱大发生特点及原因分析

稻飞虱是秀山县水稻生产上的主要害虫之一,大发生频率高，发生面积大，为害损失严重。秀山县稻飞虱优势种群为白背飞虱、褐飞虱．水稻生长前期以白背飞虱为主．后期以褐飞虱为主。2006年，稻飞虱迁入早、峰次多、虫量大，加之栽培管理条件及气候条件适宜．秀山县白背飞虱大发生．发生面积达3．0万hm^2．是继2001年之后连续第6个大发生年份。褐飞虱中等偏重发生，局部大发生，发生面积达1．0万hm^2，是1998年以来发生最重的一年。     

广西兴安地区褐飞虱发生动态及迁飞轨迹分析

为明确广西兴安地区单双季稻混作模式下褐飞虱发生规律,采用灯光诱捕和田间系统调查的方法研究了该地区早、中、晚稻田褐飞虱发生动态,并运用大气质点轨迹分析平台HYSPLIT 4.8对2011年褐飞虱迁飞高峰进行了迁飞轨迹分析。广西兴安地区褐飞虱种群数量随季节变化明显,年发生6代,迁飞活动主要集中在7月上旬至9月上旬。褐飞虱发生高峰期与单季中稻生长期吻合,在单季中稻田的发生量最大。2011年广西兴安褐飞虱5—6月迁入虫源主要来自海南稻区以及泰国、越南和老挝中部稻区;7—8月迁入虫源来自广西南部、东南部和广东西部稻区;回迁虫源来自湖南西南部和江西西部;10月从本地迁出的虫群主要迁向广西中部和贵州南部。研究表明,偏南方向的低空急流为褐飞虱的大规模迁入提供了运载气流,降雨是迫使稻飞虱降落的主要原因。     

皖西南混栽稻区2005年褐飞虱发生为害特点及成因浅析

对近30年稻飞虱发生历史资料、水稻栽培制度及气候条件等的分析表明,2005年褐飞虱发生为害特点是灯下初见期早、峰次多、虫量大;田间中、后期种群上升快,虫口居高不下;世代重叠严重,不同田块间虫量差异大;发生面积大,为害时间早、程度重。气候条件有利其迁入和对吡虫啉类药剂产生抗性是引起褐飞虱暴发的关键性因素,而4类水稻混栽、水稻品种优质化和施药技术较差对其暴发也产生一定影响。     

广西水稻稻飞虱的发生演变规律及原因分析

广西有飞虱科昆虫49种[10],能对水稻造成危害的主要是褐飞虱和白背飞虱混合种群,俗称为稻飞虱.稻飞虱是目前广西水稻发生面积最大,为害程度最重的病虫.本文叙述了稻飞虱在广西的发生演变规律并对其原因进行分析.     

2007年褐飞虱暴发成灾原因及综合防治策略

2007年秀山县褐飞虱大发生.发生特点表现为迁入早、迁入峰次多、虫量偏大、发育进度不整齐、世代重叠明显、发生面广、盛发时间长、田间虫量大、为害严重.其原因是地形特殊、虫源充足、食料条件适宜、气候条件有利、防治不力和稻飞虱抗药性增强等.防治上应认真贯彻"预防为主、综合防治"的植保方针,采取以农业防治为基础,积极推广物理防治及生物防治.强化监测,适时开展化学防治的综合防治对策.     

2005年上海地区稻褐飞虱大发生特点及原因

2005年上海地区水稻褐飞虱大发生,田间虫卵量、发生面积和危害程度均为1987年以来之最。分析表明,气象条件有利于稻褐飞虱连续迁入和生存,主要防治药剂效果降低,部分地区没按照稻褐飞虱大发生的防治方法进行控制。     

崇阳县稻飞虱发生特点及防治对策的研究

稻飞虱是崇阳县水稻上的主要害虫之一,以白背飞虱和褐飞虱为主。近年来由于气温变化、种植结构调整等因素,导致稻飞虱迁入早、峰次多,稻飞虱的发生面积逐年增大,主害代稻飞虱为害损失逐年加重,有"小虫大灾"之说。为了提高稻飞虱的防治效果,减轻稻飞虱的危害损失程度,本文就崇阳县稻飞虱近年发生的特点,分析了其发生原因,探讨稻飞虱的综合防治技术及防治对策,为以后的稻飞虱防治提供经验。     

贵州赤水桫椤叶蜂的生物学特性及其幼虫种群发生现状分析

桫椤叶蜂Rhoptroceros cyatheae（Wei et Wang,1995）是目前已知取食桫椤Alsophila spinulosa（Wall.ex Hook.）Tryon的食叶害虫,对桫椤的生长发育和繁殖造成了一定的影响。通过人工饲养观察和野外调查相结合,对桫椤叶蜂的生物学特性和发生动态进行了调查和分析。结果表明,桫椤叶蜂在赤水一年发生四代,以老熟幼虫越冬,越冬期长达5个月,翌年4月上旬成虫开始羽化,产卵于卷曲叶或是刚舒展的嫩叶表面,幼虫主要取食桫椤嫩叶,第一、二代幼虫种群数量较大;幼虫只蜕四次皮,虫龄为五龄。调查发现了桫椤叶蜂幼虫不只取食桫椤还可取食小黑桫椤Alsophila metteniana叶片,还确定了长角髭寄蝇Vibrissina turrita为桫椤叶蜂的寄生天敌。闷头溪、金沙站、佛光岩和大水沟1四个采集点的幼虫种群数量明显高于其他采集点,且种群动态较为稳定,可作为桫椤虫害防控的重要监测区域。本文进一步明确了桫椤叶蜂的生活习性及发生规律,为后期的调查研究和虫害防控提供科学有效的支撑依据。     

2015年—2020年河南漯河越冬代劳氏黏虫的种群动态及虫源性质分析

为了解河南漯河越冬代劳氏黏虫的种群动态,本研究分析了1984年-2020年测报灯下越冬代劳氏黏虫成虫的种群数量变化情况,2015年-2020年测报灯和高空探照灯下越冬代劳氏黏虫的种群动态、雌蛾卵巢发育级别、迁飞情况和虫源性质等,同时结合漯河地区冬季温度和降雨量数据,分析了近年来漯河地区越冬代劳氏黏虫成虫数量变化的原因,希望本研究能够为河南省劳氏黏虫的预测预报和综合防治提供参考。     

Resistance risk assessment: realized heritability of resistance to methrin,abamectin, pyridaben and their mixtures in the spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus

The heritability of resistance has an important bearing on the management of pest resistance, especially for evaluating the sustainability of a chemical on a particular pest population. The susceptibility of pests to insecticides may change depending on the selection pressure of these compounds on populations. Tetranychus cinnabarinus, a very important mite pest of many crops in China, was continuously selected with methrin, abamectin, pyridaben and mixtures of pyridaben and abamectin (pyidaben:abamectin?=?7.4:0.1?m/m), and methrin and abamectin (methrin:abamectin?=?8.9:0.1?m/m). After 16 generations, the resistance increased to 25.8-, 3.7-, 1.3-, 4.0- and 2.5-fold to methrin, abamectin, pyridaben, pyridaben?+?abamectin and methrin?+?abamectin, respectively. The more generations selected, the higher was the resistance level, except in the case of the strain selected with pyridaben. The realized heritabilities of resistance to methrin, abamectin, pyridabe, pyridaben?+?abamectin and methrin?+?abamectin were: 0.20, 0.15, 0.03, 0.18 and 0.08, respectively. Higher values of heritability occurred during the second eight generations selected than through the first eight generations except in the case of the strain selected with the mixture pyridaben?+?abamectin.     

Change in activity of detoxifying enzymes in directionally selected population of tea mosquito bug (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helopeltis theivora</Emphasis>) (Heteroptera: Miridae) by an organophosphate insecticide

The heteropteran bug, Helopeltis theivora is a polyphagous pest attacking the foliage crop tea and several other crops grown in the old world tropics. Application of synthetic insecticides, especially organophosphate was so far an effective and economic means of conventional management of the pest. Severe selection (bottlenecking) of H. theivora population by exposure to LC₈₀ dose of an organophosphate insecticide, monocrotophos resulted in 105 fold increase in tolerance level in the third generation. The total activity of general esterases (GE) and cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases (CYP450) analogously increased in insecticide-selected F2 generation by 16.4 and 9.5 fold, respectively. Such enhanced enzyme activity could be related to the higher tolerance levels of the selected bug. Electropherogram of GE and CYP450 of the insecticide-selected generations indicated a change in isozyme profile with their elevated expressions. Induced isozymes in insecticide selected generations were only partially inhibited, when blocked by the insecticide. These findings imply that different groups (zones) of isozymes of the detoxifying enzymes are involved in imparting higher tolerance in insecticide-selected generations. Isozyme profiles of defence enzymes can be used as indices for identifying tolerance level in the field population of H. theivora, enabling tea planters to carry out rapid monitoring of the tolerance status of the pest populations, thereby providing a ready clue to choose an effective insecticide for pest management.     

Dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in a field population of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in China

Dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in a field population of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) was demonstrated by continuous monitoring with twin discriminating dosages, and the influencing factors were also experimentally analysed. Resistance in a field population in China increased rapidly in the 3rd and 4th generations when population density became higher and insecticides were applied repeatedly, then decreased suddenly during over-wintering and slowly in the 1st and 2nd generations when insecticide spraying was suspended. Resistance increase could be countered by dilution as a result of immigration of susceptible moths from corn fields, which were found to be a natural refuge for this pest in China. The reduction of resistance during over-wintering and the 1st and 2nd generations was affected by the lower fitness of resistant cotton bollworms to low temperature and disadvantages in reproduction. The possibilities of managing the resistance in field populations on the basis of these observations are discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

吉林省中西部棉铃虫发生规律及虫源分析

近年来,棉铃虫在吉林省各地区玉米田为害,成为了潜在的玉米穗部重要害虫。明确棉铃虫在吉林省的种群动态、虫源性质,对其早期预警与综合防控具有重要意义。本研究在吉林省中西部的公主岭市,综合运用常规监测、卵巢解剖、田间调查、气象分析、轨迹分析等技术和方法,对棉铃虫的发生时间、发生世代、虫源地、迁飞情况进行了初步研究。结果表明,8月上旬-10月上旬为棉铃虫成虫发生期,其中8月中旬-9月下旬是发生高峰期。棉铃虫成虫在当地发生2代(第3代和第4代),第3代为迁入世代,第3代高峰期的虫源主要来自于辽宁省部分地区。第4代主体为本地繁殖世代,其为害期正值当地玉米灌浆至蜡熟期。第4代棉铃虫成虫羽化后滞留本地的种群因气候以及食物原因而消亡。迁出期的风向不利于棉铃虫种群回迁。     

砀山县桃园梨小食心虫性诱剂3种诱芯田间诱蛾效果

梨小食心虫是安徽省砀山县果树的头号害虫,目前种群仍呈上升之势。为改进防治技术,2009年在砀山县对常用的3种梨小性诱芯的诱蛾效果进行了田间对比,在2个桃园采用水盆诱捕法进行试验。结果表明:中科院动物研究所诱芯平均诱蛾量分别是北京公司甲和公司乙的5.17倍和3.52倍,差异均达显著水平(p0.05)。     

Metabolic resistance mechanisms to phosalone in the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae)

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is the most damaging pest of pistachio in Iran, and is generally controlled by insecticides belonging to various classes especially, phosalone. The toxicity of phosalone in nine populations of the pest was assayed using the residual contact vial and insect-dip methods. The bioassay results showed significant discrepancy in susceptibility to phosalone among the populations. Resistance ratio of the populations to the susceptible population ranged from 3.3 to 11.3. The synergistic effects of TPP, PBO and DEM were evaluated on the susceptible and the most resistant population to determine the involvement of esterases, mixed function oxidases and glutathione S-transferases in resistance mechanisms, respectively. The level of resistance to phosalone in the resistant population was suppressed by TPP, PBO and DEM, suggesting that the resistance to phosalone is mainly caused by esterase detoxification. Biochemical enzyme assays revealed that esterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities in the resistant population was higher than that in the susceptible. Glutathione-S-transferases play a minor role in the resistance of the pest to phosalone.     

湖南水稻白翅叶蝉的研究

白翅叶蝉Erythroneura subrufa(Motschulsky)成虫与若虫均以刺吸口器刺进水稻叶片组织内吸取叶汁和叶绿素,被害初期,叶片上出现零星小白点,随后出现长短不一的点状白色斑条,受害严重的稻叶上满布白色斑纹,叶绿素丧失,叶片干萎。在稻叶蝉中除一点小叶蝉被害状出现小白点外,其他叶蝉为害水稻时,并不直接破坏叶绿素,亦不呈现白色斑纹,而是直接吸食叶液,使禾苗发黄而死。因而纠正了过去认为黑尾叶蝉、白翅叶蝉为害水稻后,都会造成叶片出现白色或褐色斑纹的报道。白翅叶蝉在湖南一年发生三代,在晚稻收割后以成虫迁向麦田、杂草等场所越冬,因其寿命很长,故长期不同世代交错。白翅叶蝉除为害水稻外,在初冬与早春还为害冬小麦。近年在湖南及我国南方部分稻区有回升趋势。     

河北省沧州棉区绿盲蝽在不同寄主上的动态分布

系统研究了绿盲蝽在河北省沧州棉区主要寄主上的发生规律及转主迁移特点。结果表明,在河北省沧州棉区,枣树和棉花是该虫的主要互为寄主,1~2代主要为害枣树,2代成虫转主于棉花等作物,转主高峰为6月19~25日,3~4代为害棉花和其他作物,第5代成虫于9月初开始返回枣树产卵越冬。绿盲蝽1~2代若虫孵化时间集中,成虫羽化高峰明显。根据绿盲蝽生活史中的薄弱环节,提出了抓住关键时期,采取大面积统一防治,将该虫消灭在孵化期和成虫羽化及转主之前的防治策略。