陕西省部分市县鱼肉蛋奶中汞含量的检测分析

用冷原子吸收法测定了陕西省部分市县的１４０条鱼、１０７份猪肉、１８０枚鸡蛋、１００份牛奶样品的汞含量。结果表明，鱼肉中汞含量为０．２２３３±０．２４７５ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，其中２９．３％的鱼样中汞含量超出国家卫生标准中汞允许量；猪肉、鸡蛋、牛奶中汞含量分别为０．００７３±０．００５４ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，０．００３８±０．００１７ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１和０．００２４±０．０００７ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，均在国家卫生     

福建烟区土壤Mg、B营养及其施肥效应

福建主要烟区土壤、烟叶Ｍｇ、Ｂ含量测定的结果表明，植烟土壤的交换性Ｍｇ含量主要分布在０．２～０．５ｃｍｏｌｋｇ－１，烟叶含Ｍｇ量平均为０．１８％，土壤有效Ｂ含量平均为０．２２ｍｇｋｇ－１，烟叶有效Ｂ含量平均为１１．０５ｍｇｋｇ－１．绝大多数土壤，烟叶都存在着不同程度的缺Ｍｇ、缺Ｂ状况．按每公顷施ＭｇＳＯ４２２５ｋｇ，喷施０．１％硼砂溶液１１２５ｋｇ，可以提高烟叶Ｍｇ、Ｂ含量，增加中上部叶片的单叶重，提高烟叶的产量和品质     

延安南部黄土丘陵区土壤钾素的初步研究

对延安南部黄土丘陵区不同类型土壤，不同类型田块耕层土壤钾分析结果表明，该区土壤全钾含量为１．５１％－１．８３％，平均为１．６５％，速效钾含量为５３．３ｍｇｋｇ＾－１－２７４．８ｍｇｋｇ＾－１，平均为１１７．９ｍｇｋｇ＾－１，缓放钾含量为７０２．７ｍｇｋｇ＾－１－１９００．２ｍｇｋｇ＾－１，平均为１０６９．９ｍｇｋｇ＾－１，施用钾肥能显著提高小麦，玉米，大豆，谷子的产量。     

小麦根际磷酸酶活性与有机磷之关系

对小麦根际土壤磷酸酶活性和有机磷的分组测定结果表明，根际土壤中性磷酸酶活性及碱性磷酸酶活性比非根际分别提高３～５．７ｍｇｋｇ－１和０～４．５ｍｇｋｇ－１；而有机磷总量发生了亏缺现象，其亏缺量为２９．９０～６２．２９ｍｇｋｇ－１，亏缺量与根际土壤中性和碱性磷酸酶活性呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８６７０，０．９３２６）。土壤磷酸酶活性及有机磷总量随着有机肥施用量的增加而增加。中性磷酸酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性，均与有效磷、有机磷总量、有机磷组分中的活性、中活性和中稳性有机磷有显著的相关关系。     

长期施用含氯化肥对土壤酶活性的影响

在黄土性母质上发育的壤质棕壤农田上，长期施用双氯化肥氯磷铵和氯化钾，使土壤中０～２０ｃｍ土层中含氯量达４１．０ｍｇｋｇ－１，此时对土壤中过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶的活性略有所降低，施用单氯化肥氯化钾，使土壤０～２０ｃｍ土层中含氯量为３３．０ｍｇｋｇ－１，略高于对照，此时，土壤中过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶活性与对照相比，无明显差异；施用双氯或单氯肥料后，与对照相比，土壤中酸性磷酸酯酶活性无明显差异。通过对土壤中酶活性的测定，为长期施用含氯肥料提供一些理论依据．     

鲜猪肉小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的分离鉴定

对重庆市２１５份鲜猪肉污染小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分离鉴定和增菌、分离培养基选择结果表明，猪肉中小肠结肠炎耶氏菌污染率为２．７９％，６株分离菌均为生物３型。其中，５株属０∶３血清型，１株为０∶６．３０血清型。在２５℃时，用１．５％去氧胆酸钠增菌效果显著。分离培养基以ＳＳ，ＭＴ，ＳＳ－Ｄ和ＳＳ－Ｍ琼脂培养基较好。     

四川省大豆高蛋白品种资源特征特性分析

对四川省３８９份大豆高蛋白（≥４８．０％）品种资源的特征特性进行了分析研究。结果表明，大豆高蛋白品种资源以黄粒、直立生长、有限结荚、白花、灰毛为主。春大豆生育１１１．７±２０．６天，株高５１．１±１６．５ｃｍ，百粒重１５．４±５．０ｇ，蛋白质４９．０±０．８％，脂肪１６．９±１．０％。夏大豆生育１４５．５±２５．１天，株高７４．４±３０．３ｃｍ，百粒重１２．４±４．３ｇ，蛋白质含量４９．２±１．０％，脂肪含量１６．０±１．０％，蛋白质与脂肪含量呈显著（春大豆ｒ＝－０．１１）或极显著（夏大豆ｒ＝－０．５２）负相关。筛选出高蛋白，极早熟和特大粒品种资源２０份。     

湘南三种主要水稻土磷的吸附特征及施磷技术研究

通过对红黄泥田、灰泥田、河泥田三处水稻土壤对磷的吸附研究发现，红黄泥对磷的吸附最强，解吸量少；河泥田对磷的吸附最弱。从能量指标来看，戏黄泥施磷的临界浓度为０．３ｍｇｋｇ＾－１土，灰泥田和河泥田为０．１ｍｇｋｇ＾－１。磷的作用主要表现在促进水稻的根系生长。只有有机物与磷肥混合施用，才能协调平衡水稻体内养分，杂交稻全生育期中，均保持较高磷水平，因此，杂交稻施用磷肥的效果优于常规稻。     

江西省红壤旱地土壤钾素含量分布研究

本项研究对江西省五种主要成土母质发育的红壤旱地土壤，按土属布点，共取表层土样２４８个，剖面样７５个，分别测定了全钾、缓效性钾和速效钾含量，查明了全省红壤旱地土壤全钾、缓效性钾、速效性钾含量平均分别为１６．７ｇｋｇ￣（－１）±７．３ｇｋｇ￣（－１）、２５１．９ｍｇｋｇ￣（－１）±１４５．９ｍｇｋｇ￣（－１）和６３．９ｍｇｋｇ￣（－１）±３２．４ｍｇｋｇ￣（－１），低于缺乏临界水平（速效性钾＜７０ｍｇｋｇ￣（－１）的样品占７９．５％。阐明了不同成土母质发育的红壤旱地颖型间的钾素含量的差异，以及影响钾素含量的因素有母质、含钾矿物、有机质、质地和粘粒。绘制出土壤缓效性钾、速效性钾含量分布图为红壤旱地土壤资源评价和合理施用钾肥提供了依据。     

体温计厂附近作物汞污染研究

采集体温计厂方圆５００ｍ内１１点土样和９种作物的样品，分析其含汞量。在体温计Ｈｇ车间排气口和排水口外的土壤属极重污染（１７．９４１－１８．３１４ｍｇ／ｋｇ），在污染源下风向１００ｍ范围内为重污染区（１．０９９－２．９０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ），在１００－２５０ｍ范围内为中等污染区（０．３６７－０．８１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ），分别为本底值的２９０、５０、１３倍。在调查区域内种植的作物均超过国家规定的食品允许含汞量，其中叶用蔬菜的可食部分污染最大，根用类红苕的可食部分污染最轻。在土壤和大气同时严重污染下，具有着伸平展，蜡质层薄叶片的植物主要从空气中得到污染物，相反则主要从土壤中得到污染物。     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

原花青素的性质、功能、纯化和利用

原花青素广泛分布于高等植物的多种器官和组织中,是黄烷-3-醇的游离、寡聚或多聚物,存在侧基修饰、异构性质、聚合方式、聚合度等的多样性,可采用多种色谱和质谱技术进行纯化和鉴定。原花青素对于植物具有抗紫外线、清除自由基、抗病驱虫、影响种子休眠等功能,影响作物品质等性状,对人体也具有多种生理功效,在药物、化妆品、食品等领域有良好的应用前景。     

贵州樟科、景天科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与分布

通过野外调查、标本采集、分类学研究及资料考证,基本摸清了贵州樟科、莲叶桐科、景天科、堇菜科、柳叶菜科、鹿蹄草科、柿科、山矾科、木犀科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与地理分布.结果发现贵州现有樟科药用植物49种4变种,莲叶桐科药用植物5种,景天科药用植物21种,堇菜科药用植物19种1变种,柳叶菜科药用植物20种4变种,鹿蹄草科药用植物7种1变种,柿科药用植物9种1变种,山矾科药用植物12种,木犀科药用植物30种3变种.其中,4种为贵州特有药用植物,40种5变种为贵州药用新资源.     

重金属Pb、Cr、Cd对烟草生长的影响及其分布规律

[目的]研究重金属Pb、Cr、Cd对烟草的生理作用及其在烟草中的吸收累积规律.[方法]采用盆栽试验方法,测定烟草根、茎、叶等器官中Pb、Cr、Cd含量,分析不同重金属污染程度下烟草的株高及叶片干物质重的变化.[结果]重金属处理的土壤中烟草的株高都显著低于对照,呈现抑制作用,添加外源Pb和Cr处理下,烟草叶片干重随添加浓度的升高而降低,Cd处理则呈现出先升高后降低的趋势.Pb、Cr、Cd重金属在烟草器官中的含量均为根>茎>叶,根系中Pb、Cr、Cd的浓度与添加浓度具有较好的相关性,而叶片中只有Cd含量与添加浓度具有较好的相关性.[结论]烟草植株中的重金属主要来源于土壤,烟草对重金属的传输过程具有一定的滞阻作用.     

木薯对氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼的吸收特性及施肥效应

[目的]研究氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼肥对木薯养分吸收及生长的影响.[方法]采用田间试验,设最佳施肥处理OPT(N+P+K+Mg+Zn+B)、减氮施肥OPT-N、减磷施肥OPT-P、减钾施肥OPT-K、减镁施肥OPT-Mg、减锌施肥OPT-Zn、减硼施肥OPT-B处理和不施肥处理,测定各处理木薯产量以及块根、茎、叶养分吸收量和养分吸收强度.[结果]OPT处理木薯所吸收的N、P、K、Zn养分主要累积在茎部,Ca、Mg养分主要累积在叶片和茎部,B养分主要累积在叶片部位中.木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度呈抛物线状,在块根膨大期前呈逐渐提高,块根膨大后,木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度逐渐下降.增施N、P、K、Mg肥,木薯产量分别提高38.01%、13.09%、23.14%和8.99%;增施1 kgN、P2O5、K2O、MgO木薯产量分别增加101、54、22和49 kg; OPT处理产值最高(13217元/ha).[结论]施肥均可提高木薯的养分吸收量,但K、Za、B肥会抑制Mg的吸收.不同施肥条件对木薯产量有显著的影响.     

Effect of Wheat Middlings, Microbial Phytase, and Citric Acid on Phytate- Phosphorus, Calcium, and Protein Utilization of Broilers

A corn-soybean meal diet （CSB） （or Diet 1） containing 23% crude protein （CP） was used as the positive control, and another corn-soybean meal diet containing 21% CP and 15% wheat middlings （WM） （or Diet 2） was used as the basal diet, which was treated with four different treatments. Digestibility experiment was employed to discuss the collective effect of citric acid, and intrinsic and microbial phytase. By comparing and analyzing effects of them in the low-nutrient broiler diets, the results showed five treatments had similar effects on Tibia ash （%） （mg） （P〉0.05）. Under the supplementation of bacterial phytase or citric acid, the daily body weight gain （ADG）, gain：feed （G：F） ratio, and calcium （Ca） utilization were similar to that of standard-nutrient CSB diet （Diet 1） （P 〉 0.05）. And, fecal phosphorus （P） and CP utilization were lower than （P〈0.05） that of Diet 1. But P utilization was significantly higher than （P〈0.01） that of Diet 1. However, the ADG, G：F, and CP utilization produced by supplementation of intrinsic phytase were lower than those of Diet 1, but other aspects were similar to those produced by Diet 1 （P〉0.05）. In Diet 5, citric acid, intrinsic and bacterial phytase were added to the diet, which produced a 1.4% decrease on fecal P, a 7.2% increase on Ca utilization, which was significantly higher than （P〈0.01） those of the other four Diets, a 3.9% increase on G：F, which was similar to that of Diet 1, and a 2.3% increase on CP utilization, which was higher than （P〈0.05） that of the other three diets. In summary, the results of this study indicated that citric acid, intrinsic and bacterial phytase might have some additive or synergistic effects, and low-nutrient CSB diets with 15% wheat middlings, 750 U kg^-1 phytase, and 3% citric acid might substitute completely for standard CSB in broilers.