温室环境计算机控制系统设计

分析了温室系统的温度特性，指出温室的加热过程是一个惯性较大、滞后时间较长的复杂过程，还介绍了用于温室控制的计算机系统。系统以单片机为下位机，以PC机为上位机。下位机主要完成温室内温湿度的测量、数据处理、输出控制以及与上位机进行通信等任务；上位机主要完成设定下位机的控制参数、监测温室内的状态以及保存下位机传送过来的实时数据等任务。     

基于CAN总线的智能温室分布式监控系统

系统采用分布式网络结构,主要分为上位机和下位机两部分.上位机主要完成了CAN通讯适配器的设计以及智能温室人机界面的软件设计;下位机以MC68HC912BC32单片机为控制核心,配以一总线温度传感器和湿度传感器组成监控器,利用CAN总线实现对温室大棚内多点的温湿度进行智能监控.实用证明:智能温室分布式监控系统具有性能稳定、经济、方便以及通用性强等特点.     

智能化温室群分布式控制系统的研制

系统由一台上位主控计算机、RS-485通讯网络和多台下位机组成。下位机采用STD总线结构组成单片机测控系统。完成直接的测控任务；上位机通过通讯网络获取各个下位机的测控数据，或向其发送控制参数，以完成对大型多连栋温室或日光温室群的集中监控。下位机采用“光照相关的多因子模糊控制方法”实现了较理想的多因子环境控制。上位机则集成有简单的专家系统。可以提供推荐控制参数。实际运行表明，该系统使用方便、控制效果较好。     

基于机智云平台的温室番茄远程监控系统

设计了基于机智云平台的温室番茄远程监控系统，上位机由手机APP终端和机智云平台组成，下位机部分采用STM32F103单片机作为控制器将传感器获取的环境参数上传至上位机，ESP8266 Wi-Fi模块实现了上位机与下位机之间的数据交互。用户可使用上位机对温室番茄环境生长参数进行远程监测和实时调控，经测试该设计数据获取准确、系统运行稳定，实现了预期的功能。      

北方温室微环境在线监控系统设计与分析

通过对温室环境和调控策略的分析,提出一个总体方案,设计了一套符合北方温室环境的智能控制系统。该系统采用分布主从式设计结构,下位机以STM32F103VCT6单片机为核心,搭载丰富的外围模块;上位机主要实现用户指令下发和信息汇总,完成对温室环境的实时遥测、遥调和遥控。通过对温室环境的监控保证温室内作物的生长条件,实现了温室大棚的科学、高效、智能化的管理。      

基于PC机和单片机的分布式禽舍环境监控系统

针对大中型禽场环境集中监控的需求,设计了一种分布式环境监控系统,该系统由一台上位主控计算机、RS-485通讯网络和多台下位机组成.下位机是以单片机为核心的终端监控器,通过传感器采集现场信息完成直接的监控任务;上位机通过通讯网络获取各个下位机的测控数据,或向其发送控制参数,完成对禽场多个禽舍的集中监控.     

基于MCGS的液位监控系统设计

随着控制系统的发展,系统越来越复杂,需要监控的系统参数也越来越多.同时为了减少现场环境对人身的伤害,要求控制人员最好能远离现场.由此产生了一系列组态软件,编写上位机监控软件,进行远程监控.介绍了基于MCGS和单片机的远程液位监控系统的硬件和软件设计.此系统采用主从式结构,上位机采用MCGS组态软件实现监控软件,对液位信息进行实时监控;下位机以单片机为核心,进行液位信息的采集和转换,并与上位机进行信息交互;上位机和下位机通过串口方式进行通信.     

基于通信的牡丹温室测控系统研究

基于通信技术实现了牡丹温室中3个重要参数(温度、湿度、光照)的测量与控制。该系统整体采用主从结构:上位机(PC机)系统和下位机(单片机)系统。在上位机系统中,用VB 6.0开发了冬季牡丹培育过程的专家系统,查询和修改方便;下位机系统包括单片机、传感器和控制执行机构。该系统已在菏泽调试成功,较大幅度地提高了牡丹培育的质量,增加了经济效益,具有较高的实用性和推广价值。     

滴灌智能化监控系统的研制

介绍了一种滴灌智能化监控系统。该系统运用传感器技术、自动检测技术、通讯技术和微型计算机技术，实现对滴灌的监控。该系统由上位机和下位机组成，其间用RS232接口相连。下位机由单片机采集系统和控制系统构成，采集系统包括采集湿度和液位，下位机把采集到的数据通过串口通信传到上位机。上位机主要是数据处理的应用程序和专家数据库，上位机系统可根据湿度进行控制策略的制定，然后把控制数据再传给下位机，通过下位机去控制设备，进而完成整个监控过程。     

基于80C51单片机的远程液位监控系统的设计

重点介绍了基于80C51单片机的远程液位监控系统的硬件和软件设计。此系统采用主从式结构,上位机采用MCGS组态软件实现监控软件,对液位信息进行实时监控;下位机以80C51单片机为核心,进行液位信息的采集和转换,并与上位机进行信息交互;上位机和下位机通过串口方式进行通信。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。