滇产5种植物精油的抑菌性能及其成分分析

为寻找新型、有效的抗霉菌天然产物,以滇产冬青、蓝桉、互叶白千层、迷迭香和香叶天竺葵的叶片为材料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取5种植物精油,用滤纸片法和琼脂扩散法测试其对绿木霉、黑曲霉和桔青霉的抑菌活性和最小抑菌浓度,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析5种植物精油的主要化学成分.结果表明:冬青油和香叶天竺葵油能有效抑制绿木霉、黑曲霉和...     

异樟叶精油的抑菌活性及其化学成分

运用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取异樟叶精油,采用平板抑菌法检测精油对真菌的抑菌活性,并利用气-质(GC/MS)联用技术分析精油的化学成分.结果表明:异樟叶精油对尖孢镰刀菌、七叶树壳梭孢和拟茎点霉均具有抑制效果,抑菌率分别达到42.64％,57.50％和64.30％,对拟茎点霉的抑制效果最好;从异樟叶精油中鉴定出41种物质,包括烯烃类物质20种,酮类物质1种,酯类物质3种,醚类物质3种,氧化物类物质1种和醇类物质13种.     

云杉精油的成分分析

云杉(Picea asperata Mast)主要产于我国西南高山林区,资源丰富,针叶富含挥发油,香味浓郁,至今尚未开发利用。本实验利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,总挥发油经脱水后用毛细管气相色谱分离,气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用和气相色谱-红外-计算机联用技术分析,对其化学成分逐个鉴定。从分离出的约70个可见峰中,鉴定出38个成分,并对各种成分进行定量测定。鉴定出主要成分有莰烯,β-蒎烯,γ-萜品烯,樟脑,龙脑等。     

樟树叶及天竺桂叶的精油抑菌活性研究

采用水蒸馏法提取樟树叶、落叶、花及天竺桂叶的精油,用杯碟法测定了2种植物叶精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、青霉和黑曲霉的抑菌活性,并测定了2种精油对应试菌种的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果表明;樟树的落叶含精油最高,可达0.52%,天竺桂鲜叶含精油量达0.53%;樟树叶精油对4种供试菌都有较好的抑菌效果,但天竺桂精油对青霉无抑制作用;樟树叶精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、青霉和黑曲霉的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为2.500 μL/mL,2.500 μL/mL,0.625 μL/mL,1.250 μL/mL;天竺桂叶精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为1.25 μLm/L,2.50 μL/mL,5.00 μL/mL.     

荔枝核活性成分及其提取物抑菌活性分析

为给荔枝副产品的增值利用提供理论依据,对不同荔枝核样品采用香草醛-高氯酸比色法测定了荔枝核总皂苷含量,用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定了总黄酮含量,用蒽酮-硫酸法测定了多糖的含量,分别采用纸碟法和菌丝生长速率法测定了荔枝核提取物对细菌和真菌抑菌圈的大小,并采用混平板稀释法测定了其最小抑菌浓度。结果表明:不同荔枝核样品中总皂苷含量在1.30%～1.40%之间,总黄酮含量在5.78%～6.80%之间,多糖含量在2.85%～3.34%之间。不同品种荔枝核提取物具有不同抑菌活性。妃子笑荔枝核的抑菌活性强于其它品种,其甲醇提取物对细菌的最小抑菌浓度在1～2mg/mL之间。     

不同种源福建柏叶精油得率及成分分析

以福建安溪丰田国有林场福建柏种源实验林中14个种源的福建柏为研究对象,采用超声波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取福建柏叶精油,并用GC-MS对福建柏叶精油的成分及其GC含量进行检测,分析不同种源福建柏叶精油得率及成分的差异。通过单因素和正交试验设计,得到福建柏叶超声波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法的最佳提取工艺为：液料比3.5∶1(mL∶g)、提取时间8 h、超声波处理时间30 min和超声波功率240 W。此条件下,精油得率为0.252%。14个种源叶精油共检测出17种主要成分(GC含量大于1%的成分),占总成分的86%～92%,主要成分GC含量存在明显差异,其中α-蒎烯、 1-辛烯-3-醇、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、D-柠檬烯、β-石竹烯、Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7-环十一碳三烯、β-荜澄茄烯、γ-杜松烯为共有的主要成分,α-蒎烯GC含量约为50%。重庆江津种源叶精油成分和GC含量与其他种源差异明显;大部分福建省内种源叶精油成分和GC含量具有较强的相关性;广西3个种源中桂林灌阳和南宁大明山这2个种源有较强的相关性,广东深圳南岭种源精油成分与福建省内种源有较强的相关性,表明种子来源距离较近的福...     

鸭儿芹精油成分、抗氧化与抑菌活性研究

为给鸭儿芹的综合利用提供科学依据,以鸭儿芹茎、叶为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鸭儿芹精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对鸭儿芹精油成分进行了分析,利用DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力试验与FRAP试验及打孔法抑菌试验对其精油的抗氧化抗菌活性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)精油成分方面,从鸭儿芹精油中共分离出32个峰,占总离子峰的93.75%,共鉴定出30种化合物,其主要成分分别为α-芹子烯(42.01%)、β-芹子烯(19.86%)、(Z)-β-金合欢烯(12.76%)、镰叶芹醇(4.16%)、α-没药醇(3.93%)等;(2)抗氧化能力方面,当鸭儿芹精油浓度由19μg/m L上升到38μg/m L时,DPPH反应液中Trolox的当量由0.003μmol上升到0.007μmol,ABTS反应液中Trolox的当量由0.069μmol上升到0.074μmol,FRAP反应液中Trolox的当量由0.225μmol上升到0.280μmol,当精油浓度在一定范围内,其DPPH清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力及铁离子还原抗氧化能力与其浓度间均呈量效关系,且均呈正相关效应,表明鸭儿芹精油具有良好的抗氧化能力;(3)抗菌活性方面,当鸭儿芹精油浓度为1 280 mg/m L时,金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径可达7.05 mm,表现出一定的抑菌活性,且其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果显著优于其对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。     

水蒸气蒸馏提取芳樟精油及其抑菌活性研究

为获得实验室条件下水蒸气蒸馏法提取芳樟精油的优化工艺,采用单因素试验考察不同条件对芳樟精油提取得率的影响,结果表明:芳樟叶片的精油提取得率高于枝干,水上蒸馏方式优于水中蒸馏,最佳蒸馏功率为600 W,最佳蒸馏时间为40 min,叶片采后最佳存放时间为48 h以内,此条件下精油的提取得率为1.42%。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪对获得的芳樟精油进行成分分析,鉴定出6种化合物,总GC含量为94.56%,其中主要成分芳樟醇为89.58%。采用菌丝生长速率法测试了不同质量浓度芳樟精油对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,结果表明:芳樟精油对水稻纹枯病菌的抑菌活性较强,质量浓度为500、250和125 mg/L时,抑制率分别为100%、90.88%和67.94%。     

山核桃外果皮中的抑菌活性成分

用不同溶剂对山核桃外果皮甲醇浸膏进行萃取分离,得石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相,以番茄早疫病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、黄瓜菌核病菌等5种病菌进行抑菌活性试验.结果表明:正丁醇相抑菌活性最强,氯仿相和石油醚相次之,乙酸乙酯相最弱.对氯仿相进行初步分离,得到7个单体化合物:乔松酮,黄卡瓦胡椒素,5-羟基-4',7-二甲氧基黄酮,5-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌,5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄烷酮,乔松素,β-谷甾醇,均为首次从山核桃中分离得到,它们对玉米大斑病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌孢子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

SMALL-DIAMETER KOREAN PINES AND THEIR ROLES INNATURAL KOREAN PINE FOREST

lNTRODUCTloNKorcanpincforcst'asaclimaxofcastlnounta1nsinNortheast-isalt"a}simportantobjcctforforcstcrstostlld}.AIthougllman}'cxpcrtsllax'cn1assi\'cI}'stlldicdthcdy'nal11icsproccssofKorcanpincforest.thcstudlesinsolllcaspcctsstilIIackdcpth'ct'cnl1at'cgaps.Sillccslnall-dianlcterKorcanpincsplayaIinL-lllgIbrlllerandlattcrroIcinKorcanpincforcstd}'llaIl1icsproccss.tl1cstudicsaboutsn1all-dlan1ctcrKorcal1pil1cs-origlnatiol1'gro\Y1l1cllaractcrandthcirrclatiol1stostandstnICt1Ircundoubtcd1}oflbr…     

Ultrasound-associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine

Experiment on ultrasound- associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) was conducted in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The factors affecting extraction yield, such as ultrasonic frequency, extracting temperature, extracting time and the ratio of material to liquid (ratio of Korean pine seed to absolute alcohol), were analyzed under specific condition and the optimal extracting parameters were obtained as the ultrasonic frequency 32 000 Hz, the extracting temperature 80℃, the extracting time 50 rain, and the ratio of material to liquid 1: 30. The study demonstrates that ultrasound is a reliable and great efficiency tool for the fast extraction of Korean pine seed oil。     

超声波辅助提取红松仁油

近年来,超声波辅助提取已成为天然产物分离中一种有效的方法.本文研究了利用超声波辅助提取技术从红松仁中提取红松仁油的工艺条件,系统分析了超声频率、提取温度、提取时间和料液比等参数对红松仁油提取率的影响.结果表明,最佳的提取条件为:超声频率为32 000 Hz,超声温度为80 ℃,超声时间为50 min,料液比为1:30.     

超声波辅助提取脱脂红松仁中水溶性多糖的研究

采用超声波辅助提取法对脱脂红松仁中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究.通过正交试验,分别考察了提取温度、液料比、提取时间及醇沉浓度4个因素对红松仁多糖提取率的影响,得出优化的工艺条件：提取温度为70℃,液料比为20：1,提取时间为40 min,醇沉浓度为80%,此条件下多糖的提取率为3.65%,平均含量为45.38%.结果表明,超声波辅助提取的效率和含量均优于传统热水浸提法,且具有提取温度低、时间短及效率高的优势.     

SECONDARY SUCCESSION OF NATURAL KOREAN PINE FORESTS

ThereisatractofsecondaryforestsinnatUfKoreanghn(Pinuskorniensis)forestndon-FenlinNatUrReserveswithanareaofl8l65.4hIn,locatedinthesouthslopeofXiaOking'anlingMountain.ThisresearchwascAnedoutonthesuccessionofhosstandNATURAL0unS0FwiSTANDSInl93l,therewasawildfireinthevir-ginKoreanPineforests,whichstretchedfromShanggedingalongTangwangffivertonorth-eastuntilstandNo.32OfFenglinNatureRe-serves.Thefiredareawasabout2,44Ohm2.TOdate,thestandsisbroadleavedmixedfOr-estsdOndnatedbywhitebirch(…     

对红松种子混雪埋藏处理育苗效果分析

介绍了红松种子混雪埋藏育苗试验过程.从而得出结论,利用混雪埋藏技术育苗与用温水浸种催芽方法育苗相比,有许多优点,可使幼苗早出土、延长生长周期、增强苗木抗寒抗旱抗病虫能力.     

红松不同嫁接方法成活率及生长势初探

在同一生长季节对红松进行了髓心形成层贴接法和劈接法嫁接对比试验。结果表明:采取髓心形成层贴接法嫁接平均成活率为62%,劈接法为88%。髓心形成层贴接法嫁接成活后接穗平均生长量为5.9 cm,劈接法为11.8 cm,较髓心形成层贴接法提高了100%。经方差分析,两种方法嫁接成活率及成活后接穗平均生长量差异均极显著,说明红松采取劈接法嫁接优于髓心形成层贴接法。     

STUDY ON THE SITE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION ON THE MAOER MOUNTAIN

1NTRODUCT1oNMaoerMountainliesintheeasternpartofnortheastChinamountainareawithinthenaturalgeographicaldistributionrangeofavaluabletimberspeciesofKoreanpine(PinusKoraiensis).Foraboatmorethanlooyears,cuttinganddestroyingcontinued;f9wnaturalprimaryKoreanpineforestsleft.AlargeareaofKoreanpineplantations,nevertheless,has'grownupastimegoing.Itisapressingproblemforushowtocultivatethemwell,andtorecoveranddevelopthemraPidlyinourforestproductionandscientificresearch.FortheKoreanpinetree,peopledid…     

Functional evaluation for effective compositions in seed oil of Korean pine

The effect of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) on the rats’ blood-fat and its anti-ageing function was studied for appraising the efficacy of the seed oil of Korean pine. Sixty experimental rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (half males and half females in each group) as normal control group, high fat diet control group, and three groups (Group 1 Group 2, Group 3) that were fed with feedstuff with the contents of the seed oil of 2.0g/(kg·d⁻¹), 4.0g/(kg·d⁻¹) and 8.0g/(kg·d⁻¹), respectively. The indexes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and anti-oxidation capacity (AOC) were measured by Reagent Kit method. It was found that the seed oil of the Korean pine could reduce the content of triglyceride and improve SOD as well as GSH-PX activity in serum. These indexes of the rats in Group 2 fed with Korean pine seed oil of 4.0 g/(kg·d⁻¹) reached the significant level and those of rats in Group 3 fed with the seed oil of 8.0 g/(kg·d⁻¹) reached the extremely significant level. The results indicated the seed oil of Korean pine had function of regulating the level of blood-fat and anti-ageing. Biography: WANG Zhen-yu (1957-), male, Prof. in Forestry College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

The generation identification and process of digenesis of Korean pine forest

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