小地老虎化学感受蛋白AipsCSP2配体结合特性分析

为了明确小地老虎化学感受蛋白基因AipsCSP2在雌、雄成虫各组织中的表达情况,解析AipsCSP2蛋白的配体结合特性并探讨其功能.本文基于小地老虎性腺转录组数据,利用PCR技术克隆AipsCSP2基因,并进行生物信息学和系统进化分析;采用qPCR技术测定该基因在小地老虎雌、雄成虫不同组织中的表达水平;利用原核表达技术...     

Temperature-dependent development of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its stage transition models

The black cut worm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) is a destructive crop pest worldwide and a typical cut worm damaging plant parts below the soil surface, which requires a thorough phenological prediction of the target stage for proper management. Temperature is an essential factor affecting the phenology and dynamics of insect populations. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the temperature-dependent development of A. ipsilon fed on Kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris) in a wide range of temperatures (10 to 40 ℃) in the laboratory. The linear and nonlinear relationship between temperature and development rate (1/development time) was analyzed. The lower threshold temperatures (LT) for eggs, larvae, and pupae were estimated to be 12.1 °C, 9.6 °C, and 11.2 °C, respectively, with thermal constants (degree days for development completion) of 31.3, 342.2, and 181.3 DD at each stage, respectively. Additionally, the thermal constant for tracking the phenology of each stage was determined using a common LT of 10.4 ℃: 40.3 DD for eggs, 315.6 DD for larvae, and 199.6 DD for pupae. Consequently, we provided newly the stage transition models for all stages of A. ipsilon using two basic components of the nonlinear development rate and distribution models to simulate the proportion of individuals shifted from one stage to the next stage. These models in their current form will be useful for constructing a population model for A. ipsilon in the future. Furthermore, the variation in the development time of A. ipsilon reported in previous studies was discussed using 95% confidence limits of the estimated line of our nonlinear models.

     

3种寄主植物饲养的草地贪夜蛾种群生命表

入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)经研究目前均认为主要是玉米型,而该虫能否在甘蔗、水稻上完成其生活史并对我国甘蔗、水稻的种植构成威胁值得探讨。本研究对采自玉米上的草地贪夜蛾自然种群用3种不同寄主植物饲养,并分别构建草地贪夜蛾两性生命表,比较不同寄主植物对其种群参数的影响。结果表明:取食甘蔗、水稻的草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫存活率明显低于取食玉米的幼虫;取食水稻的成虫前期最长(27.75 d±0.50 d),且雄蛹体重最轻(153.3 mg±9.1 mg);草地贪夜蛾取食甘蔗、水稻、玉米后其产卵量无显著差异,平均世代周期依次为31.46 d、33.92 d和29.53 d,种群内禀增长率(r)分别为0.19、0.14和0.16,周限增长率(λ)分别为1.21、1.16和1.17,净增殖率(R_0)分别为367.01、135.44和101.25。总体而言,采自玉米的草地贪夜蛾在水稻上的适合度低于甘蔗和玉米上,但在甘蔗、水稻上该虫能够完成其生活史实现种群繁衍,本研究为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报和防治提供了理论依据。     

杀虫植物颗粒剂对地老虎诱杀效果初报

利用对地老虎幼虫具诱杀作用的夹竹桃叶植物颗粒剂在棉花苗期进行诱杀试验 ,结果表明 :杀虫植物颗粒剂在棉田对地老虎幼虫有较强的诱杀效果 ,平均死亡率达 83.3% ,显示了一定的实用性 ,为植物源杀虫剂的开发利用提供了一种新的思路     

草地螟在5种寄主上的实验种群生命表

草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus)是一种世界性害虫,也是我国华北、西北以及东北地区农牧业生产的重要害虫。本试验在(26+1)℃,RH 70%~80%,L∥D=16h∥8h条件下组建了草地螟在藜、大豆、苜蓿、甜菜和向日葵叶片的实验种群生命表,以研究草地螟的危害差异性,为草地螟的防治提供基础数据。结果表明,草地螟的生长发育、繁殖和生命表参数等在不同寄主之间存在差异。藜组卵的发育历期最短(2.42d)、甜菜组的最长(3.90d);幼虫发育历期以甜菜组的最短(10.00d),苜蓿组的最长(12.63d);蛹的发育历期以向日葵组的最短(11.30d),苜蓿组的最长(16.00d);雌成虫产卵量以藜组最高(345.00粒/雌),苜蓿组最低(138.83粒/雌),雌成虫产卵期以藜组最长(10.42d)、苜蓿组最短(6.58d)。雌蛾产卵量呈现明显的动态变化:取食藜组和向日葵组雌蛾的产卵高峰出现在羽化后第8天,大豆组为羽化后第10天,苜蓿组为羽化后第7天和第9天,甜菜组为羽化后第6天和第10天。藜、大豆、苜蓿、甜菜和向日葵处理间草地螟的种群净增殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)分别在59.772 8~169.194 1、0.097 6~0.135 2和1.102 5~1.144 8之间,其中以藜组的R0、rm和λ最大,苜蓿组的R0、rm和λ最小;平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(t)的范围分别为37.508 0~41.915 8d和5.126 5~7.101 4d。综合比较5种寄主植物,认为藜是草地螟的最适宜寄主,其次分别为大豆、甜菜、向日葵、苜蓿。     

草地贪夜蛾对小麦和玉米的产卵选择性及其种群生命表

为明确草地贪夜蛾对小麦的产卵选择性及其是否对小麦安全生产构成威胁,本研究以玉米和小麦作为测试寄主,比较分析了草地贪夜蛾对两种作物不同部位的产卵选择性,并利用两性生命表方法研究了取食小麦、玉米对其生命参数的影响。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾更喜欢在玉米上产卵,其在玉米、小麦叶片、玉米和小麦茎秆上的产卵量存在显著差异(df=102,F=15.593,P<0.05),以玉米叶片背面卵块数量(7.11±1.55)块/笼最高;草地贪夜蛾取食小麦可以完成生活史,但幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率和世代存活率低于取食玉米。取食玉米的幼虫发育历期为(16.31±0.15)d,显著高于取食小麦的(14.66±0.12)d,蛹期、蛹重、产卵前期、成虫寿命和世代周期无显著差异。取食小麦羽化出的雌虫寿命、平均单雌产卵量显著高于取食玉米,分别为(16.39±0.40)d、(976.31±57.21)粒和(14.64±0.32)d、(831.57±30.55)粒。生命表参数显示取食玉米的净增殖率为363.14,显著高于小麦的258.63,但内禀增长率、周限增长率和平均世代周期无显著差异。研究结果为草地贪夜蛾在小麦上的预测预报和有效防控提供了基础数据。     

江西省裳夜蛾亚科昆虫名录（鳞翅目;夜蛾科）

本文记述了江西省裳夜蛾亚科的昆虫24个属71种昆虫,其中2种江西新纪录。     

草地贪夜蛾在小麦和不同玉米品种上的种群适合度比较

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是新入侵我国的重大迁飞性害虫,2019年在我国黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米轮作主产区河南省呈点片发生,主要为害玉米,特别偏好取食晚播的甜糯玉米。为明确草地贪夜蛾在小麦和不同玉米品种上的种群适合度是否存在差异,本研究在室内(26±1)℃,RH(65±5)%和L//D=16 h//8 h光周期条件下比较了草地贪夜蛾在普通玉米‘郑单958’‘郑单1002’‘豫研1501’和糯玉米‘郑黄糯2号’以及小麦‘郑麦366’上生长发育指标。结果表明:取食‘郑麦366’的草地贪夜蛾的化蛹率(44.00±3.40)%、蛹重(138.62±6.76)mg、羽化率(35.00±3.07)%和单雌产卵量(971.70±125.63)粒均低于取食4个玉米品种的化蛹率(73.33%～80.00%)、蛹重(154.94～176.40)mg、羽化率(73.33%～79.33%)和单雌产卵量(1 052.00～1 322.60)粒(P0.05);草地贪夜蛾取食不同寄主植物的种群趋势指数由大到小顺序为:‘郑黄糯2号’(578.38)‘豫研1501’(493.40)和‘郑单958’(437.06)‘郑单1002’(321.47)‘郑麦366’(133.56)。综上表明,草地贪夜蛾在小麦上的适合度低于在玉米上的适合度,但其能够在小麦上完成生长发育并实现种群扩繁;其在糯玉米上的种群适合度大于普通玉米。因此应密切监测草地贪夜蛾在小麦上的发生和为害,并提出适时种植糯玉米作为诱集带并集中喷施杀虫剂来压低草地贪夜蛾种群数量的防控措施。     

3种寄主植物对白刺夜蛾生长发育、繁殖和寿命的影响

白刺夜蛾Leiometopon simyrides是荒漠植物白刺的重要害虫, 为明确寄主植物对白刺夜蛾生长发育的影响, 以便对其进行科学监测和防控，本研究在27℃下, 利用3种寄主植物(大果白刺、泡泡刺、唐古特白刺)饲养白刺夜蛾, 观察记录白刺夜蛾幼虫的取食量、各阶段的发育历期、存活率、羽化率、雌雄性比和成虫寿命等生物学特性, 同时测定各寄主植物叶片的营养和次生代谢物质含量。结果表明, 白刺夜蛾幼虫取食大果白刺叶片的总量最少, 取食唐古特白刺的量最多。取食唐古特白刺的白刺夜蛾幼虫发育历期最短, 其次为取食泡泡刺, 取食大果白刺时历期最长。取食泡泡刺和唐古特白刺后, 白刺夜蛾幼虫的存活率和羽化率较高, 取食大果白刺存活率最低, 且无成虫羽化。在唐古特白刺上, 白刺夜蛾雌虫占比较高, 成虫寿命较长。大果白刺的叶片总酚含量和简单酚含量最高, 各营养物质含量最低, 不利于白刺夜蛾的生长发育;唐古特白刺和泡泡刺酚类物质含量较低, 营养物质含量较高, 较适宜白刺夜蛾的生长发育和繁殖。唐古特白刺为白刺夜蛾的最适宜寄主植物, 其次为泡泡刺。     

Preliminary notes on the parasites ofSpodoptera Exigua (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Israel

Larvae ofSpodoptera exigua (Huebner) were collected and their parasites were reared out. From larvae collected in alfalfa fields, 14 parasite species were recovered; from those collected in corn fields, 12 species were recovered; eight species were common to both situations.Meteorus unicolor Wesm. was predominant in corn fields andChelonus inanitus (L.) was predominant in alfalfa fields.     

Lack of cross-resistance to indoxacarb in insecticide-resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

Two field strains of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), collected from corn in north Florida showed high resistance to carbaryl (626- and 1159-fold) and moderate resistance to parathion-methyl (30- and 39-fold) as compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. A field strain of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) collected from cabbage in north Florida and selected for 20 generations with permethrin showed high resistance to permethrin (987-fold) as compared with a susceptible strain. However, in all instances, no cross-resistance to indoxacarb, a novel oxidiazine insecticide, was observed in these two species. Biochemical studies revealed that, in S. frugiperda, activities of detoxification enzymes (microsomal oxidase, glutathione S-transferase and general esterase) were significantly higher in the field strains than in the susceptible strain, indicating that these detoxification enzymes were not actively involved in the resistance to indoxacarb. The lack of cross-resistance between indoxacarb and permethrin in P. xylostella further supports the notion that the mode of action of these insecticides on the insect sodium channel is different.     

不同食料植物对安婀珍蝶幼虫生长发育影响

恒温条件下用薇甘菊、香泽兰、野茼蒿、菜苔和青菜为食料饲养安婀珍蝶,测定各龄幼虫的体长、体重和头壳宽度,研究不同食料植物饲养对安婀珍蝶幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明:安婀珍蝶取食野茼蒿、菜苔和青菜虽然程度有不同,但生长发育受到影响,高龄幼虫体长、体重和头壳宽度明显低于薇甘菊饲养的试虫,不能完成生活世代。     

不同光源对草地贪夜蛾生殖行为的影响

为评价杀虫灯对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的非直接诱杀效应,在室内观察黑暗、紫色(365～375 nm)、蓝色(460～475 nm)和绿色(490～505 nm)弱光对草地贪夜蛾生殖行为的影响,分析不同光源处理对草地贪夜蛾求偶、交配和产卵行为的影响。结果表明,在第1个暗期内,紫色光源会显著延迟草地贪夜蛾雌成虫求偶开始时间和交配开始时间,而在之后的3个暗期中,紫色、蓝色和绿色光源下草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的交配高峰期较黑暗处理提前,产卵节律没有明显差异;在第1个暗期内,紫色、蓝色和绿色光源下草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的交配时间差异不显著,但在4个连续暗期下,黑暗处理下草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的累计交配时间显著高于其它3种光源处理;黑暗、蓝色和绿色光源下草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的初次交配时间主要集中在第1个暗期,分别占50.00%、50.00%和63.33%,而紫色光源下雌成虫初次交配时间主要集中在第2个暗期,占47.67%;黑暗、紫色、蓝色和绿色光源下草地贪夜蛾雌成虫的交配次数最高分别为5、3、2和3次,交配次数均以1次最多,显著多于其它交配次数;黑暗处理下,各暗期草地贪夜蛾雌成虫交配率之间差异不明显,而在蓝色、紫色和绿色光源下,各暗期之间存在显著差异。表明紫色、蓝色和绿色光源干扰能显著影响草地贪夜蛾的交配行为,其中紫光影响最明显。     

北京地区粘虫对5种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用浸叶法测定了北京地区6个粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)田间种群对5种不同类型杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明:与相对敏感品系相比,6个田间种群对5种杀虫剂均表现出不同程度的抗性水平。其中,对氯虫苯甲酰胺(抗性倍数为1.314~4.213)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(抗性倍数为1.000~4.385)和毒死蜱(抗性倍数为1.083~5.936)表现为敏感至低水平抗性;对虫螨腈(抗性倍数为1.355~20.80)和氯氟氰菊酯(抗性倍数为1.748~13.98)表现为敏感至中等水平抗性。因此,北京地区的粘虫防治应注重将氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和毒死蜱与虫螨腈或氯氟氰菊酯交替或轮换使用,以延缓抗药性的产生与发展。     

江西省长须夜蛾亚科昆虫名录（鳞翅目;夜蛾科）

本文记述了江西省长须夜蛾亚科昆虫15属47种,其中5种江西新纪录。     

Synthetic bis- and mono-chalcones with insecticide effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

This is the first report on the antifeedant, toxic and nutritional effects produced by the synthetic chalcones on the lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda followed by structure-activity relationship. Bis (5a-c) and mono (8a-d) chalcones have been synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation and have been purified and characterized. The mono chalcones 8b and 8d displayed toxic effects on early larval instars when incorporated to the larval diet at 100?µg per g of diet (40 and 60%, respectively) and low adults emergency with malformations leading to death. The remaining chalcones 8a, 8c, 5a, 5b and 5c do not displayed toxic effects at the same dose. The evaluation of nutritional indices indicated that 8a and 8c were the only tested chalcones to produce decrease in the growth rate and to reduce the efficiency with which larvae converted ingested food into biomass.     

斜纹夜蛾幼虫游泳行为初步观察

在实验条件下,初步观察了斜纹夜蛾幼虫游泳行为,结果表明:(1)幼虫泳姿有侧面游泳、弹射游泳、平行游泳和仰面游泳4种姿势;(2)游泳总时间因温度不同而异;(3)仰面游泳持续时间最短,时间分配率和发生率最低。观察结果可为深入研究该幼虫游泳行为及生理机制提供参考。