Characteristic of Inflammatory Airway Disease in Japanese Thoroughbred Racehorses

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a common cause of poor performance, interruption of training and premature retirement in racehorses. It is also reported that up to 80% of horses are affected at some point in the first years of training in UK and Australia. However, no studies with regard to the information on occurrence of IAD in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses have been reported. To investigate the occurrence and the characteristics of IAD, epidemic research including endoscopic examination of the airway tract and trachea wash was conducted for Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor performance which airway tract disease was suspected stalled in training facility managed by Japan Racing Association. Fifty-six out of 76 Thoroughbred racehorses (73.7%) presenting coughing or poor performance were diagnosed as IAD. Mean incidence rate of IAD was 0.3% and it has been confirmed that constant number of IAD exists in Japan. Up to 35.7% of IAD horses showed upper airway abnormalities in some extent. There was a trend for IAD horses to use wood shavings for bedding and fed hay from the ground compared with the control group. Therefore, improvement of stabling environment may aid in preventing IAD. This study demonstrated that Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses are affected by IAD likewise other countries as well as demonstrated the characteristics of IAD which may contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of IAD.     

对一例疑似肉牛运输热的诊断

[目的]山东省泰安市某肉牛养殖场从山东省菏泽市引进肉犊牛2天后,部分犊牛出现高热、流涎、呼吸困难等症状,并且死亡2头。为诊断该病例,并查明发病的原因,深入该牛场进行了细致的信息收集和样品采集,以进行综合诊断。[方法]对该病例的发病背景和临床症状进行了细致的调查,并对病死犊牛进行了病理剖检,而后采集了病料样品以进行组织病理学检查、分子生物学检测及细菌分离鉴定等实验室诊断,最终汇总各项检查结果进行综合诊断并实施针对性的防治措施。[结果]调查发现该牛场所购犊牛来自不同养殖场,几经倒手,运输前已处于应激状态;犊牛发病急、发病率高、病情重,符合重症运输热的一般症状;剖检病变主要是间质性及浆液性复合型肺炎,心、肝、脾、肾等实质器官发生急性变质性病变;病原学检测未检测到副流感病毒3型,但存在巴氏杆菌感染,据病变推测可能还存在其它病毒、细菌感染。按照运输热的治疗手段对病重牛进行了试验性治疗措施,即在提供良好饲养环境的同时,注射庆大霉素,全群氟苯尼考饮水,取得了良好的防治效果。[结论]该例犊牛急性、热性、致死性疾病为重症运输热,在加强饲养管理的同时给予适当的药物治疗能够很好地控制病情并治愈该病。     

膏芩口服液对内毒素诱导小型猪发热的影响

本研究旨在探索膏芩口服液对内毒素发热小型猪的解热效果及机制。40头试验小型猪,随机分为4组:对照组、模型组、安乃近组、膏芩口服液组,每组10头。采用大肠杆菌内毒素(LPS)80μg.kg-1,连续2次,间隔12 h,腹腔注射攻毒复制试验猪发热模型,第1次攻毒6 h后,对照组和模型组灌服生理盐水;安乃近组注射安乃近;膏芩口服液组灌服膏芩口服液,1次.d-1,连续3 d。分别监测每组6头试验猪的基础体温和攻毒给药后1、3、5、24、30、42、54 h肛温,观察临床症状并评分,并在54 h时,各组试验猪前腔静脉采血,检测血清中TNFα-、IL-1、cAMP、PGE2的含量。结果表明,与模型组相比,膏芩口服液组能显著缓解内毒素所引起的小型猪发热临床症状,降低体温;与对照组相比,模型组中TNF-α、PGE2、cAMP、IL-1显著增加(P<0.05);与模型组相比,膏芩口服液组能显著降低血清TNF-α、PGE2、cAMP含量(P<0.05),但对于IL-1作用不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,膏芩口服液能明显抑制内毒素所引起的小型猪发热,其解热作用的机制可能与抑制血清细胞因子TNFα-的生成,减少发热介质PGE2和c...     

Effect of cyclosporin on distribution of methotrexate into the brain of rats

The effect of the antitumor drug, methotrexate (MTX), which is applied to brain tumors, is restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is composed of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP). We, therefore, studied if a potent P-gp and MRP modulator, cyclosporin A (CysA), can modulate the MTX concentration in the rat brain. If it can, which route is more effective, intravenous or intrathecal? We intravenously or intrathecally administered MTX to rats with or without CysA. After 6 hr, brains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were sampled, and their MTX concentrations were compared. Each MTX concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. CysA had no significant affect on the MTX concentration in the brain or CSF when MTX was intravenously injected. In contrast, when MTX was intrathecally administered, CysA had a larger effect on the MTX concentration in the brain than in the CSF. This indicates CysA potentiated the brain MTX concentration when MTX was intrathecally administered. It is suggested that CysA did not potentiate the distribution of MTX from blood into the brain, but instead potentiated the distribution of MTX from CSF into the brain. Since chemicals in CSF generally diffuse into the brain easily, CysA probably inhibited the excretion of MTX from the brain. This could be caused by inhibition of P-gp or MRP at the BBB. Therefore, CysA can be a useful tool to achieve an appropriate MTX concentration in brain.     

不同猪瘟免疫程序对仔猪母源抗体水平的影响

本研究采用猪瘟病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,对应用不同猪瘟免疫程序的猪场进行仔猪母源抗体水平检测。结果显示,在20日龄以内仔猪母源抗体的OD630平均值和阳性率均维持较高的水平,仔猪能够获得较好的母源抗体保护,避免猪瘟病毒的早期感染。随着日龄增长,仔猪母源抗体逐渐下降,尤其在断奶后一周(30~40日龄)下降趋势最为显著。本研究可为本地区规模化猪场猪瘟免疫程序的制定尤其是仔猪首免日龄的确定提供参考依据。     

猪瘟猪伪狂犬病二联苗对仔猪免疫效果观察

本文探讨了猪瘟(CSF)、猪伪狂犬病(PR)活苗不同时间对仔猪免疫效果的相互影响。结果表明:同时免疫两种活疫苗(二联苗组),PR会干扰CSF前期抗体的产生。二联苗组猪瘟抗体3周后才达到阳性,而猪伪狂犬病抗体在7日时就达到阳性,两种抗体均在49日达到峰值,峰值均比单一免疫、分时免疫的峰值略低。分时免疫两种疫苗产生的抗体均比单一免疫时的抗体要低,且相互干扰不明显。     

吮吸初乳时间对新生仔猪猪瘟疫苗免疫的影响效果

出生后立即给仔猪注射2头份的猪瘟疫苗，间隔一定时间后再让其吮吸初乳，其中Ⅰ～Ⅳ组间隔时间为120,90，60，30min，V组为对照组不注射疫苗。在20日龄时用猪瘟Dot-ELISA诊断试剂盒对这些仔猪血清中的猪瘟抗体滴度进行测定。结果：在接种疫苗后60—120min之间吮吸初乳的免疫效果最好。     

Effect of trikatu pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin administered orally in mountain Gaddi goats

The pharmacokinetics of orally administered pefloxacin were studied to evaluate the bio-enhancing effect of the herbal bio-enhancer, trikatu, in mountain Gaddi goats (n = 6). The findings of the study revealed a decreased plasma concentration (p > 0.05) of pefloxacin following trikatu administration during the absorption phase (10, 15, 20 min post pefloxacin administration). In contrast, the plasma concentrations of pefloxacin were significantly higher at 4, 6, 8 and 12 h (during the elimination phase) of the pefloxacin administration. The findings of the investigation revealed higher values for the area under the curve, the area under the first moment of the plasma drug concentration time curve, the mean residential time, the total duration of pharmacological action and bioavailability. Trikatu treatment, however, significantly reduced the elimination half life (t_1/2β) and zero time intercept of the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution based on the total area under the plasma drug concentration curve [(Vd_(area)] and the apparent volume of distribution based on the zero time plasma concentration intercept of the elimination phase [Vd_(B)] were significantly higher in trikatu treated animals indicating a better penetration of the drug. Based on the MIC of 0.8 µg/ml of pefloxacin, a priming dose of 6.0 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2.21 mg/kg is required to be administered at 8 h intervals. For practical purposes in goats this would mean a priming dose of 6 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg given by the oral route, to be repeated at 8 h intervals.     

广东省首例非洲猪瘟疫情的诊断与疫点消毒效果评价

2018年12月17日,广东省珠海市某定点屠宰场发生该省首起非洲猪瘟疫情。诊断中发现,因病程不同,感染猪的临床症状和病理变化存在一定的差异,并非全部表现典型症状。疫情发生后,珠海市防控非洲猪瘟等动物疫病应急指挥部立即严格遵照《广东省非洲猪瘟突发疫情应急处置预案》的规定,采取了扑杀、消毒、发布封锁令,划定疫点、疫区和受威胁区等处置措施;封锁期内,按照《非洲猪瘟防治技术规范(试行)》规定,并参考联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)技术标准,对疫点进行消毒,同时采集疫点内的环境样品,检测非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)核酸,评估消毒效果,为解除封锁提供依据。本文为全国非洲猪瘟疫情排查、临床诊断和处置提供了参考。     

五龄期添食几种药物对蓖麻蚕软化病防治效果比较

在蓖麻蚕生产中，软化病（细菌性胃肠病和细菌性败血病的总称）发生得比较多，尤其在五龄期发病严重，对生产威胁较大，本试验用消特灵、绿迪奥、蚕用绿霉素、大蒜白酒液（自制）蚕药在蓖麻蚕五龄期分别添食，结果表明以上药液添食后，五龄蚕期病死蚕率比对照区明显降低。     

Effects of pre-shipping marbofloxacin administration on fever and blood properties in healthy Thoroughbreds transported a long distance

The present study evaluated the effects of single-dose marbofloxacin in protecting horses against fever associated with transportation using 48 healthy Thoroughbreds. All horses were premedicated with interferon-α (0.5 U/kg, sublingually, every 24 hr) for 2 days before transportation and on the day of transportation. Horses were randomly assigned to receive marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, IV, once; MRFX group), enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, IV, once; ERFX group) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (10 ml, IV, once; control group) ≤1 hr before being transportation. Each group contained 16 horses (8 males, 8 females). Horses were transported 1,210 km using commercial vans over the course of approximately 26 hr. Clinical examinations and hematologic analyses were performed on all horses both before and after transportation. Post-transportation neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios were significantly lower in horses in the MRFX group compared with the control horses. The serum amyloid A levels were significantly lower in horses in the MRFX group and ERFX group compared with the control horses. Regarding the post-transportation rectal temperatures, fever was detected in 0 horses and 1 horse in the MRFX and ERFX groups, respectively, whereas fevers exceeding 39.1°C were detected in 2 horses in the control group. Additionally, the number of essential post-transportation treatments provided by veterinarians was reduced 3-fold in the MRFX and ERFX groups compared with the saline group. MRFX provided ERFX-like protection against fever associated with long-distance transportation, yielding significantly better protection than saline. Administration of MRFX just before transportation deserves a further study for efficacy in preventing horse fever associated with transportation.     

母乳低聚糖组成及其对益生菌的增殖作用

研究混合母乳中复杂的母乳低聚糖(human milk oligosaccharides,HMOs)组成及含量,选择双歧杆菌Bb-12、发酵乳杆菌CECT57162种益生菌,研究HMOs 2'-岩藻糖(2'-fucosyllactose,2'-FL)对2种益生菌的增殖作用.结果表明:2个混合样本的HMOs含量分别为10....     

海藻糖对人脑型肌酸激酶热变性的保护作用

肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)是研究蛋白质折叠和稳定性的一个理想的模型蛋白。热失活研究结果显示海藻糖能有效防止人脑型肌酸激酶(human brain-type creatine kinase,hBBCK)的热失活和热变性。1.0mol/L海藻糖使hBBCK热失活的半失活温度(T_m)升高4.6℃,活化能由原来的29.7 kJ/mol升高到41.1 kJ/mol。内源荧光光谱研究结果显示在海藻糖浓度分别为0、0.6、0.8和1.2mol/L时,hBBCK热变性的表观转变温度(T_1/2)相应的从43.0℃上升到46.5、47.7和49.9℃。内源荧光和ANS外源荧光光谱研究结果表明海藻糖的疏水作用可能对hBBCK的热稳定性起了重要作用。hBBCK复性动力学试验结果表明海藻糖能有效抑制hBBCK复性过程中聚集体的形成。     

Protective Effect of Trehalose on Human Brain-type Creatine Kinase During Thermal Denaturation

Creatine kinase(CK) is a good model for studying protein folding and stability.The result of thermal inactivation showed that trehalose could prevent the thermal inactivation and thermal denaturation of human brain-type creatine kinase(hBBCK).In the presence of 1.0 mol/L trehalose, the midpoint temperature of thermal inactivation(T_m) of hBBCK increased by 4.6℃, and the activation energy(E_a) for thermal inactivation increased from 29.7 to 41.1 kJ/mol.Intrinsic fluorescence spectra also showed an increase in the apparent transition temperature(T_1/2) of hBBCK from 43.0 to 46.5, 47.7 and 49.9℃ in 0, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.2 mol/L trehalose, respectively.The results of intrinsic fluorescence spectra and extrinsic fluorescence spectra of ANS showed that the hydrophobic effects of trehalose might play an important role in thermal stability of hBBCK.The result of renaturation kinetics experiment showed that trehalose could effectively block the coagulation of hBBCK during renaturation process.     

埋植和饲喂褪黑激素对常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊慢速长绒期施用褪黑激素对机体生长及山羊绒生产的影响,并对褪黑激素埋植和饲喂2种施用方式进行比较。选用体况良好、体重相近、上一年产绒量基本一致的3周岁常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊母羊18只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、3月和5月埋植组(2 mg/kg BW)和3—7月饲喂组(3 mg/d)。试验羊采用舍饲的饲养方式。试验从3月20日开始,7月20日结束,试验期共121 d。结果表明:施用褪黑激素显著提高了山羊绒长度和生长速率(P0.05),且埋植组显著高于饲喂组(P0.05),而对山羊绒细度没有影响(P0.05);试验羊结束体重和日增重各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊慢速长绒期施用褪黑激素可能是一种提高山羊绒生产的有效方法,且埋植比饲喂的效果更好。     

Species-barrier on the cross-species oral transmission of bovine AA amyloidosis in mice

In AA amyloidosis, cross-species oral transmission has been demonstrated in several animal models. While it is known that the transmission efficiency of AA amyloidosis between different species is lower than that among the same species, the mechanism of this species-barrier is unclear. In this study, we found at first that mice orally given a large amount of bovine AA simultaneously with inflammatory stimulation did not develop AA amyloidosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the low efficiency of the cross-species oral transmission of AA amyloidosis might be due to the low absorption rate in Peyer’s patches. To evaluate the hypothesis, we next investigated whether bovine AA was taken up by Peyer’s patches and translocated to other organs in vivo and ex vivo models. The direct absorption of bovine AA by Peyer’s patches was not observed. Besides, translocation of bovine AA to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, or kidney was not observed except the mesenteric lymph node of a single mouse. Thus, absorption of bovine AA by Peyer’s patches occurred much less efficiently in mouse models of cross-species oral transmission of AA amyloidosis. The present study suggests that the less efficient amyloid uptake by Peyer’s patches may be involved in the species-barrier of oral transmission of AA amyloidosis.     

Effect of feeding rumen‐protected rice bran on mineral status of non‐lactating dairy heifers

Adapting Ca homeostasis of dairy cows before calving can prevent milk fever. Rice bran, treated with formaldehyde to prevent ruminal degradation of phytic acid, was fed to heifers to study its effect on Ca homeostasis. For 3 weeks 18 heifers were supplemented 3 kg of two feeds: placebo (PF) and rice bran (RBF), defining three treatments: control (CRT), low dose (LD) and high dose (HD). In weeks 1 and 3, all animals received 3 kg of PF and in week 2: CRT received 3 kg of PF, LD received 1.5 kg of PF and 1.5 kg of RBF and HD received 3 kg of RBF. Treatments did not affect dry matter intake (DMI). Feed intakes and growth rates indicated that all heifers had nutritional requirements that exceeded their Ca intakes. Serum Ca, urinary Ca, calcitriol or hydroxyproline remained unaffected. Urinary Ca was consistently low indicating high renal Ca reabsorption, which is indicative of insufficient Ca supply. Rice bran feed influenced P, Mg and Zn intakes and serum and urine presence of these minerals. Most heifers already presented an upregulated Ca metabolism, being inadequate to study adaptive changes in Ca homeostasis of multiparous dry cows. This metabolic difference can be explanatory to the very low susceptibility of heifers to milk fever, further supporting the induction of homeostatic adaptation before calving to prevent milk fever. Rice bran feed did not reduce DMI, and was not detrimental to P, Mg or Zn status.