共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Roberts CM McClean CJ Veron JE Hawkins JP Allen GR McAllister DE Mittermeier CG Schueler FW Spalding M Wells F Vynne C Werner TB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5558):1280-1284
Coral reefs are the most biologically diverse of shallow water marine ecosystems but are being degraded worldwide by human activities and climate warming. Analyses of the geographic ranges of 3235 species of reef fish, corals, snails, and lobsters revealed that between 7.2% and 53.6% of each taxon have highly restricted ranges, rendering them vulnerable to extinction. Restricted-range species are clustered into centers of endemism, like those described for terrestrial taxa. The 10 richest centers of endemism cover 15.8% of the world's coral reefs (0.012% of the oceans) but include between 44.8 and 54.2% of the restricted-range species. Many occur in regions where reefs are being severely affected by people, potentially leading to numerous extinctions. Threatened centers of endemism are major biodiversity hotspots, and conservation efforts targeted toward them could help avert the loss of tropical reef biodiversity. 相似文献
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Houston DB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,172(3984):648-651
The preservation and maintenance of natural park ecosystems, with modern man's being restricted to generally nonconsumptive uses of the park, represents one end of a spectrum of land use that extends through exploitation of natural ecosystems to the development of simplified agricultural ecosystems. Criteria for management of a park ecosystem must, of necessity, differ from criteria for other uses of land, since park management involves preventing or compensating for the influence of man. The objectives for natural areas appear to be ecologically feasible if it is recognized that these areas have a finite capacity for absorbing man's consumptive and disruptive influences. The interpretation of ecosystems to park visitors provides an opportunity to contribute to an environmental ethic that extends beyond the park environment. 相似文献
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城市公园植物景观量化评价研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为对杭州太子湾公园植物景观进行量化评价研究,在调查杭州太子湾公园植物景观现状基础上,选取其中具有代表性的5类植物景观(滨水、复层混交、因路、建筑及小品旁和色叶)作为评价样本,摄取样本照片作为评价媒介,选择49位评判人员参与评价,运用风景质量评价法中的心理物理学派的美景度评判法(scenic beauty estimation,SBE)进行评价,并通过SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析.结果表明:受过园林专业教育的学生组对植物景观的评价结果与专家组、非专业学生组之间有较好的相关性(R=0.538 ~ 0.752,P=0.000~0.047<0.050),园林专业学生可初步选为预测植物景现评价的评判人员.在评判复层混交植物景观时,应根据生态学原则和美学原则分别进行评判,其余4类植物景观可将2个原则合并(P=0.237 ~ 0.920>0.050),城市公园植物景观营建要兼顾生态学和美学要求.基于评价结果,对美景度分值较高的植物景观进行分析.表5参18. 相似文献
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观光农业园景观规划探析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
调查了多个观光农业园和参考相关的研究资料,分析了观光农业园的景观特质和目前观光农业园建设中存在的问题,确定了观光农业园景观规划基本方法、原则以及景观分区。观光农业园是一个生态—经济—社会复合生态系统,景观规划对观光农业园的健康发展具有重要的作用。应该采用SWOT(strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,threats)方法确定总体发展方向,采用生态适宜性分析法确定立地功能,采用景观生态格局分析法确定景观结构。遵循适用的景观规划原则,景观分区应立足于可持续发展目标并突出自身特色。图1表1参21 相似文献
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北京市观光农业园发展类型的探讨 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
为探讨观光农业园的类型划分,通过对以往观光农业园分类方式的归纳、比较、总结,结合北京市观光农业园的全面调查和详细分析,对其发展类型进行了探讨。在前期研究的基础上,结合实地调研获得的北京市观光农业园基础数据,提出了观光农业园"二六五"类型划分方法——以形成原因及存在状态为基础的2种分类模式,综合发展阶段、占地规模、经营主体、地域模式、功能定位和产业结构6种分类方法,将都市农业园区分为5种典型类型,并结合案例分析不同类型的特点。结果表明:在观光农业园的形成原因和存在状态2种分类模式基础下,其形成原因可以分析园区的经营主体、地域模式和功能定位,其存在状态可以分析发展阶段、占地规模和产业结构,综合这6种分类方法对观光农业园进行类型划分,将北京市观光农业园划分为观光采摘园、农业科技园、市民农园、综合性休闲观光农园和农业公园5种典型类型。该研究可为观光农业园开发建设提供参考,为农业部门对不同类型园区进行分类管理提供决策依据。 相似文献
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Rull V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):398-9; author reply 399-400
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贵阳市公园蝶类资源调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蝶类是自然生境中的重要的动物类群,具有较强的迁飞能力却对寄主有较强的专一性,其分布仍然以寄主为中心,这使得蝴蝶被看作是较好的环境指示生物.部分蝴蝶是农作物的重要害虫,经常伴随人工种植的经济植物出现,因此蝶类还可以反映人类对环境的改变. 相似文献
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Data about biodiversity are either scattered in many databases or reside on paper or other media not amenable to interactive searching. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is a framework for facilitating the digitization of biodiversity data and for making interoperable an as-yet-unknown number of biodiversity databases that are distributed around the globe. In concert with other existing efforts, GBIF will catalyze the completion of a Catalog of the Names of Known Organisms and will develop search engines to mine the vast quantities of biodiversity data. It will be an outstanding tool for scientists, natural resource managers, and policy-makers. 相似文献
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Fitzsimmons AK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,191(4226):440-444
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国家湿地公园管理评估研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
湿地公园已经成为国家湿地保护体系中的重要方式,但在快速发展的同时也出现了一些保护和管理方面的问题。为使我国湿地公园管理有序、健康地发展,针对目前国家湿地公园管理中存在的问题,提出了由湿地生态系统、湿地环境质量、湿地景观、基础设施、管理和附加分等6类项目23个因子组成的国家湿地公园管理评估指标体系,并给出了每个因子的权重、赋值范围以及具体的定量化评估方法,为国家湿地公园的科学管理提供了依据。最后,以西溪国家湿地公园和银川国家湿地公园为例进行了试评估。 相似文献
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Durant SM Pettorelli N Bashir S Woodroffe R Wacher T De Ornellas P Ransom C Abáigar T Abdelgadir M El Alqamy H Beddiaf M Belbachir F Belbachir-Bazi A Berbash AA Beudels-Jamar R Boitani L Breitenmoser C Cano M Chardonnet P Collen B Cornforth WA Cuzin F Gerngross P Haddane B Hadjeloum M Jacobson A Jebali A Lamarque F Mallon D Minkowski K Monfort S Ndoassal B Newby J Ngakoutou BE Niagate B Purchase G Samaïla S Samna AK Sillero-Zubiri C Soultan AE Stanley Price MR Baillie JE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6087):1379-1380
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2009年11月至2010年1月和2010年11月至2011年1月,分别对柳州市区4个公园的鸟类进行调查,记录到鸟类76种,分属于12目35科。其中蛇雕、黑翅鸢、红隼、斑头鸺鹠是国家Ⅱ级保护动物;白头鹎、暗绿绣眼鸟、麻雀是优势种。不同公园鸟类多样性、均匀性和相似性等群落结构特征存在差异。针对柳州城市公园存在的问题,对招引和保护鸟类提出了具体的建议。 相似文献
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Scale dependence in plant biodiversity 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The relationship between the number of species and the area sampled is one of the oldest and best-documented patterns in community ecology. Several theoretical models and field data from a wide range of plant and animal taxa suggest that the slope, z, of a graph of the logarithm of species richness against the logarithm of area is roughly constant, with z approximately 0.25. We collected replicated and randomized plant data at 11 spatial scales from 0.01 to 10(8) square meters in Great Britain which show that the slope of the log-log plot is not constant, but varies systematically with spatial scale, and from habitat to habitat at the same spatial scale. Values of z were low (0.1 to 0.2) at small scales (<100 square meters), high (0.4 to 0.5) at intermediate scales (1 hectare to 10 square kilometers), and low again (0.1 to 0.2) for the largest scale transitions (e.g., East Berks to all of Berkshire). Instead of one process determining changes in species richness across a wide range of scales, different processes might determine plant biodiversity at different spatial scales. 相似文献