Immunochemical proof that a novel rearranging gene encodes the T cell receptor delta subunit

The T cell receptor (TCR) delta protein is expressed as part of a heterodimer with TCR gamma, in association with the CD3 polypeptides on a subset of functional peripheral blood T lymphocytes, thymocytes, and certain leukemic T cell lines. A monoclonal antibody directed against TCR delta was produced that binds specifically to the surface of several TCR gamma delta cell lines and immunoprecipitates the TCR gamma delta as a heterodimer from Triton X-100 detergent lysates and also immunoprecipitates the TCR delta subunit alone after chain separation. A candidate human TCR delta complementary DNA clone (IDP2 O-240/38), reported in a companion paper, was isolated by the subtractive library approach from a TCR gamma delta cell line. This complementary DNA clone was used to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide that is specifically recognized by the monoclonal antibody to TCR delta. This complementary DNA clone thus corresponds to the gene that encodes the TCR delta subunit.     

A cDNA for a protein that interacts with the human immunodeficiency virus Tat transactivator

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat protein (Tat) is a positive regulator of virus gene expression and replication. Biotinylated Tat was used as a probe to screen a lambda gt11 fusion protein library, and a complementary DNA encoding a protein that interacts with Tat was cloned. Expression of this protein, designated TBP-1 (for Tat binding protein-1), was observed in a variety of cell lines, with expression being highest in human cells. TBP-1 was localized predominantly in the nucleus, which is consistent with the nuclear localization of Tat. In cotransfection experiments, expression of TBP-1 was able to specifically suppress Tat-mediated transactivation. The strategy described may be useful for direct identification and cloning of genes encoding proteins that associate with other proteins to modulate their activity in a positive or negative fashion.     

Activation by IKKalpha of a second, evolutionary conserved, NF-kappa B signaling pathway

In mammals, the canonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway activated in response to infections is based on degradation of IkappaB inhibitors. This pathway depends on the IkappaB kinase (IKK), which contains two catalytic subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta. IKKbeta is essential for inducible IkappaB phosphorylation and degradation, whereas IKKalpha is not. Here we show that IKKalpha is required for B cell maturation, formation of secondary lymphoid organs, increased expression of certain NF-kappaB target genes, and processing of the NF-kappaB2 (p100) precursor. IKKalpha preferentially phosphorylates NF-kappaB2, and this activity requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases, one of which may be NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). IKKalpha is therefore a pivotal component of a second NF-kappaB activation pathway based on regulated NF-kappaB2 processing rather than IkappaB degradation.     

Protein splicing converts the yeast TFP1 gene product to the 69-kD subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase

The TFP1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two proteins: the 69-kilodalton (kD) catalytic subunit of the vacuolar proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) and a 50-kD protein. The 69-kD subunit is encoded by the 5' and 3' thirds of the TFP1 coding region, whereas the 50-kD protein is encoded by the central third. Evidence is presented that both the 69-kD and 50-kD proteins are obtained from a single translation product that is cleaved to release the 50-kD protein and spliced to form the 69-kD subunit.     

Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis

Major epidemic outbreaks of viral hepatitis in underdeveloped countries result from a type of non-A, non-B hepatitis distinct from the parenterally transmitted form. The viral agent responsible for this form of epidemic, or enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH), has been serially transmitted in cynomolgus macaques (cynos) and has resulted in typical elevation in liver enzymes and the detection of characteristic virus-like particles (VLPs) in both feces and bile. Infectious bile was used for the construction of recombinant complementary DNA libraries. One clone, ET1.1, was exogenous to uninfected human and cyno genomic liver DNA, as well as to genomic DNA from infected cyno liver. ET1.1 did however, hybridize to an approximately 7.6-kilobase RNA species present only in infected cyno liver. The translated nucleic acid sequence of a portion of ET1.1 had a consensus amino acid motif consistent with an RNA-directed RNA polymerase; this enzyme is present in all positive strand RNA viruses. Furthermore, ET1.1 specifically identified similar sequences in complementary DNA prepared from infected human fecal samples collected from five geographically distinct ET-NANBH outbreaks. Therefore, ET1.1 represents a portion of the genome of the principal viral agent, to be named hepatitis E virus, which is responsible for epidemic outbreaks of ET-NANBH.     

牦牛PLIN2基因的克隆及其在卵巢不同发情阶段的表达

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t揭示PLIN2基因对宣和猪生长性状的影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t以357头宣和猪为试验材料,采用PCR产物直接测序法检测了PLIN2基因的5′-UTR和3′-UTR多态性,分析了各SNP位点不同基因型的生长性状差异。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t在5′-UTR检测到2个SNP位点(G158A、T491G)、3′-UTR检出1个SNP位点(G5689A),上述3个SNP位点分别以GG、TT和GG基因型频率最高,G、T和G为优势等位基因;除G158A位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.01)外,其余2个突变位点均处于平衡状态(P>0.05),且杂合度较高、遗传多样性较为丰富。在6月龄体重、4—6月龄日增重和70日龄—6月龄日增重上,G158A位点的GG型、T491G位点的TT型和G5689A位点的GG型均显著高于同位点其他基因型(P<0.01或P<0.05);且3个SNP位点不同单倍型组合对生长性状的影响呈现了明显的协同作用,即GTG/GTG组合的6月龄体重、4—6月龄日增重和70日龄—6月龄日增重最高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t研究结果从PLIN2基因多态性角度印证了宣和猪新品种选育工作的有效性,初步证实PLIN2基因与宣和猪生长性状间存在显著关联。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t     

Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome

A random-primed complementary DNA library was constructed from plasma containing the uncharacterized non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) agent and screened with serum from a patient diagnosed with NANBH. A complementary DNA clone was isolated that was shown to encode an antigen associated specifically with NANBH infections. This clone is not derived from host DNA but from an RNA molecule present in NANBH infections that consists of at least 10,000 nucleotides and that is positive-stranded with respect to the encoded NANBH antigen. These data indicate that this clone is derived from the genome of the NANBH agent and are consistent with the agent being similar to the togaviridae or flaviviridae. This molecular approach should be of great value in the isolation and characterization of other unidentified infectious agents.     

Ouabain resistance conferred by expression of the cDNA for a murine Na+, K+-ATPase alpha subunit

The molecular basis for the marked difference between primate and rodent cells in sensitivity to the cardiac glycoside ouabain has been established by genetic techniques. A complementary DNA encoding the entire alpha 1 subunit of the mouse Na+- and K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was inserted into the expression vector pSV2. This engineered DNA molecule confers resistance against 10(-4) M ouabain to monkey CV-1 cells. Deletion of sequences encoding the carboxyl terminus of the alpha 1 subunit abolish the activity of the complementary DNA. The ability to assay the biological activity of this ATPase in a transfection protocol permits the application of molecular genetic techniques to the analysis of structure-function relationships for the enzyme that establishes the internal Na+/K+ environment of most animal cells. The full-length alpha 1 subunit complementary DNA will also be useful as a dominant selectable marker for somatic cell genetic studies utilizing ouabain-sensitive cells.     

HSPC117 is the essential subunit of a human tRNA splicing ligase complex

Splicing of mammalian precursor transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules involves two enzymatic steps. First, intron removal by the tRNA splicing endonuclease generates separate 5' and 3' exons. In animals, the second step predominantly entails direct exon ligation by an elusive RNA ligase. Using activity-guided purification of tRNA ligase from HeLa cell extracts, we identified HSPC117, a member of the UPF0027 (RtcB) family, as the essential subunit of a tRNA ligase complex. RNA interference-mediated depletion of HSPC117 inhibited maturation of intron-containing pre-tRNA both in vitro and in living cells. The high sequence conservation of HSPC117/RtcB proteins is suggestive of RNA ligase roles of this protein family in various organisms.     

Isolation and Characterization of the Wheat cDNA Fragments Involved in salt Stress

cDNA-AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) is used to isolate genes differentially expressed in salt-stressed and unstressed wheat lines RH8706-49 and H8706-34 derived from a single seed,representing a salt-stress resistant (SR) and salt-stress sensitive(SS) line,respectively.About 88.1% cDNA fragment are expressed in all the four samples,11.9% are different between the samples.68 cDNA fragments were cloned,of which 35 were subject to sequence analysis.Database searches indicate that 11 cDNA fragment show high homology to known genes,which mainly include proteins related to ion transport,signal transduction and oxidative stress.The remaining 24 cDNA show no detectable homology to known genes,suggesting that they probably represent novel genes.     

Isolation and propagation of a human enteric coronavirus

Coronavirus-like particles were found by electron microscopy in stools from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Stool samples from these infants as well as control specimens were passaged in cultures of human fetal intestinal organs. Two samples yielded virus-like particles and these have now been passaged 14 times (HEC 14). Gradient-purified HEC 14 strains had typical coronavirus morphology on electron microscopy and contained five major proteins with molecular sizes ranging from 190 to 23 kilodaltons. Infants with necrotizing enterocolitis developed specific antibody to the viral antigens between the acute and convalescent stages of the disease, as shown by examining serum specimens by single radial hemolysis, immunoenzymatic assay, and Western immunoblotting. No cross-reactivity was shown with other coronavirus strains tested, or with the newly isolated viruses of the Breda-Berne group, responsible for calf or horse diarrhea.     

盐胁迫下小麦耐盐突变体后代差异cDNA的分离和鉴定

 采用cDNA AFLP(cDNA amplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphism)技术分析了遗传背景相近的小麦后代突变体中 ,耐盐性较强的RH870 6 4 9(saltresistant,SR)和盐敏感的H870 6 34(saltsensitive ,SS)在盐胁迫和非胁迫情况下基因表达的差异。结果表明 ,其中 88.1%的条带在 4个样品中是一致的 ,只有 11.9%的条带在 4个样品中表现出差异。选取其中的 6 8个差异条带进行克隆 ,测序 35个 ,经Internet进行Blast比较 ,发现 11个片段 (31.4 % )与已知基因具有较高的同源性 ,主要涉及与离子转运有关的蛋白、与信号转导有关的蛋白以及与氧化胁迫有关的蛋白 ;另外2 4个片段 (6 8.6 % )与已知基因同源性较低或未发现同源性 ,可能是一些未知基因。     

Isolation of an olfactory cDNA: similarity to retinol-binding protein suggests a role in olfaction

Molecular cloning techniques were used to isolate and characterize a protein possibly involved in the signal transducing system in olfactory tissue of the frog Rana pipiens. A complementary DNA library was constructed with messenger RNA obtained from frog olfactory neuroepithelium. A 700-base pair complementary DNA clone encoding a protein with a molecular weight of 20,300 was identified by differential hybridization analysis with polyadenylated RNA from olfactory epithelium and nonsensory respiratory epithelium. The messenger RNA corresponding to this clone was abundant in the cells of Bowman's glands in olfactory tissue but not in respiratory epithelium nor in several other tissues. The predicted sequence of this protein is homologous to members of a family of proteins that bind and transport small molecules in serum, suggesting that this protein may also bind and transport odorants in the mucus secreted by Bowman's glands.     

小菜蛾烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体α亚基cDNA片段的克隆和序列分析

利用简并引物，采用PCR等分子生物学技术，对小菜蛾烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR)α亚基的cDNA片段进行克隆，并对序列进行分析。测序结果显示，扩增的目的基因片段包含了nAChRα亚基的3种亚型（分别命名为Pxαl，Pxα2，Pxα3）。都具有典型的α亚基的结构；2个相邻的半胱氨酸，由2个半胱氨酸之间二硫键形成包含15个氨基酸的胞外环，与烟碱和α银环蛇毒素结合有关的氨基酸残基，克隆的基因片段在氨基酸序列上和其他昆虫nAChRα亚基基因之间有高达65%-99%的同源性，表明克隆的cDNA片段是小菜蛾nAChRα亚基基因的部分序列。     

青稞抗黄矮病抑制差减文库的构建及差异表达基因的分离

本研究应用抑制差减杂交方法构建了感染黄矮病毒早期,高抗病和高感病青稞种质的差减cDNA文库,共获得了143个带有插入片断的克隆。以构建的抗黄矮病抑制羞减文库的62个片段为基础,对抗病青稞品种52号和感病青稞品种品引5号在感染黄矮病后24h的差异表达基因进行了杂交筛选,获得了9个差异表达的基因片段。对这些片段进行序列分析和同源对比,获得了5个抗性相关基因片段。片段U3,U24在感染后24h的抗性品系中表达增强,同时在EST序列比对中没有发现同源序列,可能为新的抗性相关基因。片段U58,U62为分别在抗性和感性品种中高表达的叶绿体相关基因。片段U23为多胺代谢通路相关基因。通过对这些基因片段的分析,对青稞感染黄矮病早期抗性的机制进行了初步的探索。     

mRNA差异显示分离西瓜核雄性不育基因的相关cDNA片段

【目的】揭示西瓜核雄性不育发生的分子机理。【方法】应用mRNA差异显示技术,研究西瓜核雄性不育材料Se18不育株和可育株雄花花蕾中基因表达的差异。【结果】获得了西瓜细胞核雄性不育两用系不育相关特异cDNA片段T12C/B0315S-359和育性相关特异cDNA片段T12C/B0315F-175、T12G/B0318F-260。经过序列比较,T12C/B0315S-359与美洲杨树一段未知的cDNA序列同源性较高(82%);T12C/B0315F-175与葫芦科植物中编码细胞色素C装配蛋白的ycf5基因高度同源(98%);T12G/B0318F-260与植物中硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶(Thioredoxinperoxidase,TPx)基因高度同源(84%)。【结论】经序列分析初步认为,这3个片段与西瓜细胞核雄性不育的发生有重要相关性。     

辣椒质膜水通道蛋白CaPIP1基因全长cDNA的分离及序列分析

通过对辣椒均一化cDNA文库的筛选分离获得了一个与烟草水通道蛋白NtAQP1高度同源的aquaporin基因全长cDNA,命名为CaPIP1。序列分析结果表明该cDNA包含有858 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码286个氨基酸,具有6个跨膜区,2个NPA模序以及植物质膜水通道蛋白高度保守的序列。氨基酸同源性及进化分析同样表明CaPIP1为辣椒水通道蛋白家族新成员。     

Isolation of sequences that span the fragile X and identification of a fragile X-related CpG island

Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) were obtained from a 550-kilobase region that contains three probes previously mapped as very close to the locus of the fragile X syndrome. These YACs spanned the fragile site in Xq27.3 as shown by fluorescent in situ hybridization. An internal 200-kilobase segment contained four chromosomal breakpoints generated by induction of fragile X expression. A single CpG island was identified in the cloned region between markers DXS463 and DXS465 that appears methylated in mentally retarded fragile X males, but not in nonexpressing male carriers of the mutation nor in normal males. This CpG island may indicate the presence of a gene involved in the clinical phenotype of the syndrome.