共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 151 毫秒
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稻田生态种养对系统生物多样性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稻田生态种养模式由过去单一模式向多样化、综合性模式演变,目前已形成了稻鸭、稻鱼、稻虾、稻蟹以及稻鱼鸭、稻鱼鸡、稻虾蟹等模式.综述了稻田生态种养模式演变过程,分析稻田系统生物的组成成分,总结了稻田生态种养模式对农田系统生物多样性的影响,并提出了研究展望. 相似文献
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稻田综合种养作为中国稻作生产的重要组成部分,有着悠久的历史,历经上千年的演变逐步由散养形成了现代种植与养殖的配套技术体系,主要模式已由稻鸭、稻鱼发展为稻虾、稻蟹、稻鳖、稻蛙等多种种养结合模式,并取得较好的社会、生态和经济效益。综述了稻田综合种养的发展历程、应用及其种养模式,以及稻田综合种养下水稻生长及其经济、生态和社会效应,并且从田间工程改造、种养结合技术、产品品牌建设等方面论述了稻田综合种养中存在的问题,认为稻田综合种养的发展要强化政府引导、技术支撑和产业开发等,以期充分挖掘稻田综合种养的生产潜力,助力农业提质增效和绿色可持续发展。 相似文献
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稻田立体种养技术已成为一种高效益的生态农业模式,为农业产业的可持续发展和农民增收提供了一条有效途径。开展稻田立体种养技术的规范化研究,能够提高农田和水资源的综合利用率,节省投入成本,有助于实现水稻产业绿色优质高产高效发展。但到目前为止,该种养模式在技术上尚未健全,极大限制了该模式的推广。基于龙岩市优越的生态环境和气候条件,本研究系统分析了稻田立体种养模式的经济效益,因地制宜提出一套适合龙岩地区发展的“稻+稻花鱼+鳅”“稻+稻花鱼+甲鱼”“稻+鸭”立体生态种养技术。 相似文献
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稻鸭共作种养技术是一项低投入、高产出的先进农业生产技术,它把种植业和养殖业有机结合在了一起,构建了一个水稻—鸭子互利互补的生态环境,不仅减少了水稻生产中农药、化肥带来的环境污染,还提高了大米和鸭产品的品质。从田块的选择与修整、养鸭设施的建立、水稻与鸭子品种的选择、水稻栽培管理、稻田放鸭管理等方面介绍了稻鸭共作高效种养技术的要点。 相似文献
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Chen-Wuing Liu Shih-Wei Zhang Hsing-Pin Yao Kuo-Hua Lin Wei-Taw Lin 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(3):207-216
The study synthesizes the spatiotemporal changes of the multifunctionality and benefit of Taiwanese paddy. The internal and
external economic values of the paddy are quantitatively determined. Nationwide as well as regional variation of multifunctionality
and benefits from 1999 to 2007 were considered. The substitution cost method was adopted to quantify the external economical
values of rice paddy. Moreover, the compensating variation concept was applied to appraise the rational green subsidy of rice
paddy in Taiwan. The result shows that the multifunctional benefits of rice paddy from 1999 to 2007 reduce 55, 18, 31, 13,
and 28% in north, center, south, east regions, and nationwide of Taiwan, respectively. The reduction is mainly attributable
to the significant decrease of rice-planting area. The external benefit may be further diminished if the fallow area increases
continuously. In order to maintain the multifunctionality of rice paddy, we appraise a reasonable green subsidy to the cultivated
paddy farmers. According to the results of the amount of green subsidy evaluated by the compensating variation concept, the
estimated green subsidy is 21,000 NT$/ha for the nationwide paddy farmers. The government may consider to award the appraised
green subsidy to paddy farmers directly for the sustainable management of rice paddy in Taiwan. 相似文献
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Water management is an important factor in regulating soil respiration and the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) between croplands and atmosphere. However, how water management affects soil respiration and the NEE of paddy fields remains unexplored. Thus, a 2-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects of controlled irrigation (CI) during the rice season on the variation of soil respiration and NEE, with flooding irrigation (FI) as the control. A decrease of irrigation water input by 46.39% did not significantly affect rice yield but significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency by 0.99 kg m?3. The soil respiration rate of CI paddy fields was larger than that of FI paddy fields except during the ripening stage. Natural drying management during the ripening stage resulted in a significant increase of the soil respiration rate of the FI paddy fields. Variations of NEE with different water managements were opposite to soil respiration rates during the whole rice growth stages. Total CO2 emission of CI paddy fields through soil respiration (total R soil) increased by 11.66% compared with FI paddy fields. The increase of total R soil resulted in the significant decrease of total net CO2 absorption of CI paddy fields by 11.57% compared with FI paddy fields (p < 0.05). There were inter-annual differences of soil respiration and the NEE of paddy fields. Frequent alternate wetting and drying processes in the CI paddy fields were the main factors influencing soil respiration and NEE. CI management slightly enhanced the rice dry matter amount but accelerated the consumption and decomposition of soil organic carbon and significantly increased soil respiration, which led to the decrease of net CO2 absorption. CI management and organic carbon input technologies should be combined in applications to achieve sustainable use of water and soil resources in paddy fields. 相似文献
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节水抗旱稻(Water-saving and drought-resistance rice,WDR)是指既具有水稻高产优质特性,又具有旱稻节水抗旱特性的一种新的栽培稻类型(NY/T 2862-2015),是在水稻科技进步的基础上,通过进一步整合现代优良水稻与旱稻品种的优良特性而成。节水抗旱稻的节水、抗旱和耐直播能力较强,可采用“旱直播旱管”的绿色栽培模式,可在水田不淹水栽培,大幅度节约灌溉用水,减少面源污染和甲烷排放,也可在旱地或山坡地种植,拓展水稻种植空间。本文简要介绍了节水抗旱稻的概念、特点以及培育与改良策略,表列了团队育成审定的23个节水抗旱稻品种及各自主要特点及适种区域,对节水抗旱稻的产业发展目标进行了讨论。 相似文献
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水域浮床水稻的干物质生产特性 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用浮床无土栽培技术在自然水域种植杂交水稻,水上稻的产量比同期种植的水田稻增产12%左右。其本田生育前期总干物质积累量与水田稻基本接近,中、后期则明显高于水田稻,抽穗以后的总干物质积累量占总干物质积累量百分比较水田稻提高了3.4个百分点。水上稻绿叶干物质积累量在前期与水田稻基本接近,中、后期则一直保持比水田高30%左右的优势。茎鞘的干物质积累则呈现前、中期比水田稻低,但后期却反而高于水田稻的变化趋势,茎鞘的干物质输出率比水田稻低,对产量的贡献不如水田稻。 相似文献