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1.
以7龄紫花苜蓿地为前茬,连续3年采用同一高产栽培方案种植玉米,研究其土壤养分的时空变化特征。结果表明,苜蓿轮作玉米后,随着玉米种植年限的增加,玉米各生育时期土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量均有不同程度下降。其中,0-20cm土层降幅高于其他土层,且降幅表现为有机质>全氮>全磷。受玉米高量施氮的影响,碱解氮含量随玉米种植年限的增加而增加,不同生育时期、不同土层年际间碱解氮含量的差异多数达到显著水平。玉米产量随着连作年限的增加而降低,第2,3年产量较第1年产量分别下降了9.7%和13.6%,表明苜蓿对后作的增产效应持续降低。 相似文献
2.
[目的]了解洱海缓冲带内土壤特性空间分布状况,进而为缓冲带面源污染治理、精细农业与植被布局等提供参考。[方法]采集80个缓冲带表层土壤样品,测定其含水率、有机质、全磷、全氮、氨氮和硝氮的含量,并应用传统统计学和地统计学方法对数据进行分析。[结果](1)土壤中含水率、有机质、全磷、全氮、氨氮和硝氮各项统计特性均通过K—S检验,呈正态分布;(2)洱海缓冲带土壤中养分水平较高;氨氮和硝氮的变异系数大于100%,属强变异性;(3)有机质南部略低,东西向呈东西高,中部低,全氮、全磷南北向呈南北低,中部高,东西向变化不大;(4)有机质表现出强烈的空间相关性,而全氮和全磷空间相关性弱。[结论]缓冲带农田格局和迁移转化是影响土壤特性空间分布的两个重要因素。 相似文献
3.
基于渭河陕西段及其支流河道16个采样点中沉积物的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和总有机碳(TOC)含量,运用C/N和N/P比值法研究沉积物中营养元素的可能来源,并采用有机污染指数法评价沉积物污染状况.结果表明,沉积物中TN含量为0.069~3.839 g/kg,66.1%的样品含量低于平均值0.639 g/kg;TP含量为... 相似文献
4.
通过对黄土高原生态系统演替进程中土壤有机质和pH值变化进行分析,结果表明:在同一演替系列中,随演替进程的推移,土壤中有机质增加,pH值减小;在不同地段上,演替高级阶段土壤的有机质高于低级阶段,pH值正好相反;人为间断干扰的生态系统土壤有机质下降,pH值升高;人为持续干扰的亚顶级生态系统土壤有机质明显降低,PH值明显升高. 相似文献
5.
目的土壤酸化是耕地质量退化的突出问题,研究主要农作物产量对土壤pH的响应及其影响因素,为土壤酸化防治提供理论依据。 方法通过“中国知网”、“Web of Science”数据库,分别以玉米(maize)、水稻(rice)、小麦(wheat)、大豆(soybean)、土壤pH (soil pH)、作物产量(yield)为关键词,获取1980—2020年已公开发表的文献数据。基于国内外大田试验,分析了玉米、水稻、小麦、大豆产量与土壤pH的关系,运用Sigmoid函数计算作物酸害阈值,结合皮尔逊相关性分析与偏相关分析,明确作物酸害阈值的主要影响因素。 结果1) 4种作物产量伴随土壤pH降低均呈“S”型降低趋势;玉米、大豆、小麦和水稻产量95%的酸害阈值分别为pH 5.87、5.34、5.32和4.21。2)作物相对产量与交换性铝呈显著负相关,与土壤pH、交换性钙、钙铝比、有机质、有效磷、化学氮肥施用量呈显著正相关。当土壤pH大于酸害阈值时,作物产量与有机质、有效磷呈显著正相关,当土壤pH小于酸害阈值时,作物产量与土壤pH、交换性钙、钙铝比呈显著正相关,与交换性铝呈显著负相关。3)偏相关分析表明,剔除有机质影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.207,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数升高0.072;剔除有效磷影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.085,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数升高0.147;剔除施氮量影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.026,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数降低0.009。有效磷、有机质和化学氮肥施用量是影响作物产量对土壤pH响应的关键因素。 结论当土壤pH低于酸害阈值时,较高的有效磷和有机质含量可降低土壤pH对作物产量的不利影响,即有效磷和有机质含量越高,作物酸害越轻。 相似文献
6.
研究了福州市不同功能区城市土壤的pH值、有机质和磁化率。结果表明,福州市土壤pH值以中性和碱性为主,可能是受城市化过程中碱性废弃物排放的影响所致;土壤有机质含量总体较高,各功能区的变化规律为:工业区〉商业区〉城市风景区〉生活文化区,反映了土壤有机质含量的增加与高强度人类活动有直接关系;土壤磁化率值总体偏高,代表着福州市土壤普遍受到一定程度的重金属污染,不同功能区的磁化率特征表现为:工业区〉商业区≥生活文化区〉城市风景区。不同功能区土壤的pH值、有机质和磁化率三者之间基本不存在相关关系,这与自然土壤有较明显的区别。 相似文献
7.
[目的] 分析南昌市浅水湖泊象湖表层沉积物的释放特征及有机质对氮、磷释放的影响,为城市内浅水湖泊治理中富营养化控制提供理论依据。[方法] 通过释放动力学试验以及释放潜能试验研究了城市浅水湖泊氨氮(NH 4+-N)和溶解性活性磷(SRP)的释放特征,以及与通过H 2O 2去除有机质后的释放特征进行了对比。[结果] 去除前后的氮磷的释放速率都是先由一个较快的过程逐渐变慢最后趋于稳定达到最大释放量( Qmax)。去除有机质后NH 4+-N的释放平衡时间缩短,SRP则几乎不变。去除有机质后,NH 4+-N的最大释放量( Qmax)与有机质含量呈显著正相关,而SRP与有机质无显著相关性。[结论] 影响沉积物氮磷释放的因素多样,其中高等水生植物丰富的区域对磷的释放有明显的抑制作用。沉积物有机质的含量越高沉积物氮的最大释放量( Qmax)也越高,磷的的最大释放量( Qmax)则受有机质含量、活性、组成成分、吸附与结合的铁铝磷含量等因素共同影响。 相似文献
8.
以博尔塔拉河沿岸表层土壤中重金属As,Cd,Ni,Cr,Pb与有机质及pH为研究对象,并对它们之间关系进行研究。结果表明:土壤中5种重金属元素As,Cd,Ni,Cr,Pb平均含量分别为22.37,52.52,27.50,0.48,28.92mg/kg。土壤有机质平均含量为27 431mg/kg。土壤pH值为6.5~7.5,平均值为6.94。研究区土壤性质与土壤重金属含量间关系复杂:有机质含量与As,Cd,Cr,Pb含量呈显著正相关,有机质易与重金属离子形成络合物,从而降低重金属离子活性,导致土壤重金属含量增加;pH值与As,Cd,Pb含量之间呈显著负相关,随pH值增大,有效态As、有效态Cd和有效态Pb在土壤中含量明显减少。通过对土壤有机质、pH与重金属含量的关系研究,发现土壤有机质、pH是影响土壤重金属含量的重要因素。 相似文献
9.
In many regions worldwide, silvopastoral systems are implemented to enable sustainable land use allowing short, medium, and long‐term economic returns. However, the short‐term production in silvopastoral systems is often limited due to nonappropriate soil‐fertility management. This study evaluated the effects of two doses of lime (0 and 2.5 t CaCO 3 ha –1) and three sewage‐sludge treatments (0, 200, and 400 kg total N ha –1 y –1 applied in 2 consecutive years) on soil characteristics (soil pH, soil organic matter [SOM], soil nitrogen, cation‐exchange capacity [CEC]), pasture production, and tree growth in a silvopastoral system of Populus × canadensis Moench in Galicia, northern Spain during 6 years after establishment. Soil pH increased during the experimental period for all treatments, although this effect was more pronounced after lime application. Changes in SOM and soil nitrogen content were not consistent over time, but sewage‐sludge application seemed to result in higher values. Higher CEC was found for treatments with lime and sewage‐sludge application. Following incorporation of lime and sewage sludge, pasture production was significantly enhanced (cumulative pasture production 51.9 t DM ha –1 for Lime/N400 compared to 39.0 t DM ha –1 for No lime/N0). This higher pasture production also affected tree growth due to more severe competition between pasture and tree resulting in slower tree growth. Liming and application of sewage sludge are relevant measures to improve soil fertility and thereby optimizing the overall production of silvopastoral systems. However, it is important not to overintensify pasture production to ensure adequate tree growth. 相似文献
10.
Dynamic changes of soil pH as influenced by ammonium sulfate (AS), monocalcium phosphate (MCP),potassium chloride (KCl) and their interaction in soils were evaluated in incubation experiments. Applyingthese fertilizers significantly reduced soil pH values in all cases and followed sequences of AS > MCP >KCl, MCP > KCl > AS and KCl > AS > MCP for the paddy, calcareous and red soils, respectively. TheAS-induced reduction of pH in the three soils followed the sequence of red soil > paddy soil > calcareous soil,while in MCP and KCl systems the reduction of pH followed the sequences of calcareous soil > paddy soil >red soil and red soil > calcareous soil > paddy soil, respectively. The interactions of the NPK fertilizers on pHwere significant. MCP plus KCl or MCP plus AS reduced pH values more than the fertilizers applied solelyin the paddy soil, but AS partly counteracted the effect of MCP on pH in the 1 d sample of the calcareoussoil. The effect of MCP on pH was trivial when MCP was applied in combination with KCl or AS in the redsoil. When applied in combination with AS, KCl did not affect soil pH initially, but suppressed the reductionof pH at the later incubation stage, which was related to inhibition of nitrification by KCl in the soils. 相似文献
11.
研究了风化煤腐殖酸在不同pH值条件下对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性。结果表明,1)在pH.4~8条件下,随着氮、磷、钾初始处理浓度的增加,腐殖酸对其吸附量和解吸量均呈上升趋势,但解吸率均呈下降趋势;2)在不同pH值的介质溶液中,腐殖酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性不尽相同,其中,在碱性条件下,腐殖酸对氮的吸附和解吸作用较强,在酸性条件下,腐殖酸对磷的吸附和解吸作用较强,而腐殖酸对钾的的吸附和解吸作用在中性条件下更易发生;3)腐殖酸对氮、磷、钾的等温吸附可用Linear、Langmuir和Freundlich三个吸附方程来拟合,相关性达显著或极显著水平,但以Freundlich方程为最优。 相似文献
12.
[目的]探讨不同侵蚀程度下红壤团聚体和养分的变化规律,为侵蚀红壤的肥力提升和合理开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]将红壤表层按照不同深度剥离来模拟不同土壤侵蚀程度,比较分析不同侵蚀程度下团聚体稳定性、有机质和各养分的变化规律及其相互关系。[结果]各侵蚀程度红壤团聚体干筛粒级分布规律大体相似,以≥2mm粒级团聚体为优势粒级,与无明显侵蚀土壤相比,强烈侵蚀土壤≥2mm水稳性团聚体含量降低近1/3;随着土壤侵蚀程度增加,土壤碳、氮、磷等养分含量均表现出逐渐减少的规律,其中强烈侵蚀土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量减少了30%左右,碱解氮含量减少了近50%,速效磷含量减少了80%以上。相关分析表明,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮含量均与≥2 mm团聚体含量、WSA,MWD和GMD值具有较好的正相关性(p0.05),与D和PAD值呈负相关。[结论]不同侵蚀程度对红壤团聚体分布及养分含量有一定影响,可通过增加有机肥来改善侵蚀红壤结构,提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
13.
采用批平衡吸附试验法,研究了磺胺嘧啶在黑土及其不同粒径中的吸附行为。结果表明,磺胺嘧啶的吸附不同程度地偏离线性模型,但均可用Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型进行良好地线性拟合。黑土(〈0.2mm)及其不同粒径(粘粒:〈0.002mm、粉粒:0.002~0.02mm、砂粒:0.02~0.2mm)的Freundlich容量因子Kf值分别为29.6、53.1、32.9L.kg-1和21.6L.kg-1,说明磺胺嘧啶在黑土及其不同粒径中的吸附行为存在差异。将吸附参数Kf进行碳标化处理后,Koc值除粉粒外,其他基本一致。随着溶液pH的持续增加(1.0~10.0),黑土及其不同粒径中的磺胺嘧啶的吸附参数lgKf呈现先急剧降低然后稍微回升的趋势,由此推测,阳离子交换作用可能是磺胺嘧啶土壤吸附的重要机制。过氧化氢处理去除土壤有机质后,黑土的Kd值从1.92L.kg-1降为1.22L.kg-1,磺胺嘧啶的吸附量由16.5mg.kg-1降低到11.2mg.kg-1,说明有机质含量也是影响磺胺嘧啶吸附行为的重要因素。 相似文献
14.
为了满足精细农业对土壤快速实时测试的需要,对未经过粉碎、过筛等处理的土壤,采集了4000~12500 cm-1范围的近红外光谱。研究了土壤的光谱特性,并采用偏最小二乘回归分析方法建立了一阶微分光谱的光谱吸光度与有机质含量和pH值之间的定量分析模型。试验分析表明:有机质的预测相关系数为0.818,预测标准偏差SEP为0.069,预测均方根误差为RMSEP为0.085;pH值的预测相关系数为0.834,SEP为0.095,RMSEP为0.114。表明采用近红外光谱仪经一阶微分处理可以很好地预测经过简单处理的土样中的有机质含量和pH值, 该结论为今后田间快速土壤特性光谱测量奠定了基础。 相似文献
15.
以广元市水土流失定位观测站内的3个不同植被恢复模式为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内实验分析,测定了湿地松纯林,刺槐纯林及湿地松刺槐混交林的土壤有机质与P素含量。结果表明:(1)混交林的土壤结构明显好于湿地松与刺槐纯林;(2)混交林中有机质含量高于刺槐与湿地松纯林,3个林地的土壤有机质多集中在土壤上层,并随着土壤深度的增加而减少。(3)土壤全磷与有效磷含量大小顺序基本为:刺槐林〉混交林〉湿地松 相似文献
16.
The activities of three extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, soil invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase (AlP), were measured across seasons and with the experimental addition of nitrogen (N) in the soil of the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwest China. Seasonal fluctuations in hydrolytic enzyme activities were not correlated with seasonal variations in soil temperature, water content, pH, conductance, and organic carbon. Invertase and AlP activities increased with low rates of N addition, peaked at a N addition rate of 3.0 g N m ?2 y ?1, and then decreased at higher N addition rates. Urease activity decreased with increasing N addition. Higher organic matter content in the upper depths of soil resulted in higher hydrolytic enzyme activity at depths of 0–5 cm in soil samples and hydrolytic enzyme activity at that depth was more sensitive to N addition and seasonal environmental factors than that at depths of 5–10 cm in soil samples. 相似文献
17.
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key of most nutrient cycling and its content influences labile phosphorus (P) pool. In order to promote P availability from SOM, some plant strategies could be important to increase organic P mineralization, which may change among cultivars of the same crop. This study evaluated phosphorus dynamics in the rhizosphere of two wheat cultivars in soil with high organic matter content. Experiment was established in a greenhouse using a Humic Cambisol in a randomized block design using Quartzo and Abalone as wheat cultivars and harvested 20 days after seedling. Pots with a horizontal mesh (25 µm) were used to isolate the soil from roots. At harvest, the soil under the mesh was sliced in five distances from the rhizoplane (0–3; 3–6; 6–10; 10–20; 20–30 mm). Organic P was the buffer to maintain P dynamics in the rhizosphere and there was phosphorus depletion in the first slice near the rhizoplane due to the root effect, regardless the cultivar. Quartzo showed high labile inorganic P, presumably due to the high amount of root hairs, which increased the acid phosphatase activity and consequently root P uptake. Quartzo was more efficient in changing rhizosphere regarding the P acquisition. 相似文献
18.
介绍了用化学分析方法测定有机肥料氮、磷、钾的含量,即样品经硫酸一过氧化氢消化后,制备待测溶液,分取待测溶液用NC-2型快速定氮仪测定氮,用磷钼酸喹啉重量法测定磷,用四苯硼酸钾重量法测定钾,不须使用分光光度计和火焰光度计,适宜一般复混肥料厂采用,对含氮、磷、钾分别达0.1%以上的样品均可用本法测定,方法的准确度和精密度能满足生产的要求。 相似文献
19.
Characteristics of the treatment processes inside a MSL system were investigated by using a laboratory-scale MSL system, which was set up in a D 10 × W 50 × H 73 cm acrylic box enclosing \"soil mixture blocks\" alternating with permeable zeolite layers. For the study of the treatment processes inside the system, wastewater, with mean concentrations (mg L −1) of COD: 70, T-N: 12, T-P: 0.9, was introduced into the system at a loading rate of 1,000 L m −2 d −1. Treatment processes in the MSL system were different for the COD, P and N pollutants. Eighty percent of COD was removed in the 1st soil layer among the 6 layers, and the removal rate increased as water moved down and finally reached 90% in the last layer of the system. Phosphorus concentration was lower under the soil mixture layers than under the permeable layers, presumably because P was adsorbed mainly by soil and mixed iron particles. The P concentration in water gradually decreased in the lower layers of the system. The concentration of PO 43--P was generally lower in the aerated MSL system than in the non-aerated one. NH 4+-N was adsorbed and nitrified in the upper part of the system. The NO 3−-N concentration was lower in water under the soil mixture layers than under the permeable layers, indicating that denitrification mainly occurred in the soil mixture layers. 相似文献
20.
研究了土壤微藻对于土壤理化及生物学性质的影响 ,并作定量及定性分析。以土壤和水为两种不同基质 ,在基质中接种 5种土壤微藻藻液 (立方色球藻、土生绿球藻、舟形藻、沙角衣藻以及由 4种藻种形成的混合藻液 ) ,进行见光和黑暗培养 ,分别在 0 ,2 0 ,4 0 ,60 d时 ,测定环境 p H值、微生物量 (不包括藻类 )、有机质含量 ,作极差分析和图形比较。研究结果表明 ,环境 p H值变化、微生物量变化和有机质含量变化在不同藻种相同培养条件下 ,存在一定的相似性。藻种变化对 p H值和微生物增加的影响大于因基质变化和光照变化所产生的影响 ;基质变化对于环境有机质含量的影响大于因藻种变化和光照变化而产生的影响 ;微藻在土壤中培养时的 3种数据变化均大于在水中培养时的 3种数据变化。 相似文献
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