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农田排水策略对氮素流失影响试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过测筒试验模拟了排水间隔时间、强度和地下水位对农田地下排水中氮素流失的影响规律。结果表明,相同模拟条件下,排水间隔时间的延长可减少排水量和降低总氮流失率,以间隔3~5d减少最为明显;间隔3、5和7d排水总氮流失量分别较间隔1d减少了45.5%、81.1%和100%;排水强度的降低可以减少氮素的流失,出流中氨氮质量浓度递减并趋于稳定,硝态氮质量浓度先上升后减少,相对于2mm/d的排水强度,4、6和8mm/d排水强度下总氮流失量分别增加了126.8%、264.8%和401%。地下水位的升高可明显减少总排水量和总氮流失量,40cm和60cm地下控制水位比80cm水位排水总氮量分别减少63.2%和40.9%。 相似文献
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为了研究不同棉田暗管布置方式对暗管排水中硝态氮流失量的影响,结合2007—2009年在湖北荆州丫角排灌试验站的控制排水试验,采用DRAINMOD田间水文模型进行数值模拟。结果表明,暗管出口高程和暗管间距对暗管排水中的硝态氮流失量均有极显著的影响,是进行农田控制排水设计的关键因素。具体而言,暗管排水中硝态氮的流失量随着暗管出口高程的减小而减小,随着暗管间距的增大而减小。因此,在进行农田控制排水设计时,应根据当地的环境要求以及作物的具体生长要求,调整暗管的出口高程和暗管间距,做到作物高产和环境保护的统一。 相似文献
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《灌溉排水学报》2021,40(7)
【目的】研究河套灌区葵花种植区暗管排水条件下农田土壤水分变化状态,探求当地适宜的农田排水暗管布置和控制排水方案。【方法】基于2018—2020年田间试验数据,对RZWQM2模型进行率定和验证,并利用该模型对不同排水暗管布置方案(同一间距不同埋深和同一埋深不同间距)和控制排水方案(不同时期不同排水口深度)下的土壤水分运移和作物生长情况进行数值模拟。【结果】(1)模型率定和验证阶段,砂土层土壤含水率RMSE为0.049~0.065 cm3/cm3,其余土层土壤含水率RMSE为0.012~0.037 cm3/cm3,累计排水量和产量MRE分别在5.88%和3.40%以下,地下水位、1 m土层土壤储水量和叶面积指数R2分别在0.798、0.817和0.912以上;(2)以现有排水暗管埋深1.5 m、间距45 m为基础,模拟得到采用埋深1.4 m、间距45 m的布置方案其地下水位抬高5.2 cm、排水量减少40.0%、增产85.3 kg/hm2;(3)采用雨季1.5 m、非雨季1.2 m排水口深度的控制排水方案,地下水位抬高2.2 cm、排水量减少46.0%、增产66.4 kg/hm2。【结论】RZWQM2模型能较好模拟排水条件下葵花种植区农田土壤水分变化,研究区推荐采用1.4 m埋深、45 m间距的排水暗管布置方案,在现有布置下雨季1.5 m、非雨季1.2 m的控制排水方案较为合适。 相似文献
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淹灌稻田的暗管排水中氮素流失的试验研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为研究淹水稻田在排水条件下的氮肥流失规律,在上海青浦农田水利试验站进行了田间试验。试验资料分析表明,在淹水层中施肥后氮素浓度衰减呈指数消退。在稻,麦连作田块,水稻生长期内,氮的挥发损失较大,而通过暗管排水流失的氮素占全部损失量比例较小。 相似文献
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不同水肥条件下水稻全生育期稻田氮素浓度变化规律 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
为了寻找较优的水肥运筹模式以促进农业生产和减少过量施肥对环境造成的面源污染,开展了基于蒸渗仪中水样采集与室内水质化验的试验研究,分析了水稻全生育期不同水肥模式对稻田氮素浓度变化的影响与不同土壤深度氮素浓度的变化规律.结果表明.不同水肥条件下稻田地表水与土壤溶液中氮素浓度总体呈现施肥后10 d内出现峰值,之后迅速下降.并逐渐趋于稳定的变化规律.减少施肥后10 d内稻田排水量或推迟排水时间,是降低其氮素随径流流失的有效途径.控制灌溉减少了稻田氮素对地表水的污染,其土壤溶液中氮素浓度虽略有增加,但由于总渗漏量减少,因此总淋失量仍小于淹水灌溉.受不同水肥因素的影响,地表水和各层土壤溶液中硝态氮和铵态氮的浓度变化规律存在差异.淹水灌溉条件下施肥水平对氮素浓度影响不显著,而控制灌溉条件下实地施肥氮素浓度低于常规施肥.综合考虑水肥耦合的影响,控制灌溉实地养分管理运筹模式是减少稻田氮素淋失量的较优水肥运筹模式. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2001,47(2):85-100
A field experimental project was set up in southern Sweden to assess the effects of controlled drainage on hydrology and environment. Controlled drainage makes it possible to vary the drainage intensity with the variation in drainage requirement during season by controlling the height of a riser in the drain outlet and thus to a certain degree control the amount of outflow of solutes via the drainage system. During periods with low drainage demand, the riser in the drain outlet can be raised and the groundwater level in field will rise up to the level of the riser before the discharge takes place. Three plots, each with an area of 0.2 ha (40 m×50 m) were installed on a loamy sand. One plot was drained by conventional subsurface drainage (CD) and two plots were drained by controlled drainage (CWT). The plots contained four lateral drain tubes, at 10 m spacing and placed at 1 m depth. Each plot was isolated by a double layer of plastic sheeting placed in the back-filled trenches to a depth of 1.6 m to prevent lateral leakage and subsurface interactions. Measurements of precipitation, drain outflow and soil and air temperatures were carried out hourly. Groundwater levels were measured and samples of drain outflow were collected twice a month for nitrogen and phosphorous analyses. Mineral nitrogen contents in soil were measured three times a year.Controlled drainage had a significant hydrological and environmental effect during the 2 years of measurement (1996–1998). Compared with CD, the total drain outflow from CWT was 79% less in Year 1 and 94% in Year 2. The total reduction in nitrate losses with CWT corresponded to the reduced outflow rates. Compared with CD, the total amounts of nitrate in drain outflow were 78% less in Year 1 and 94% in Year 2. The highest concentrations of nitrate were measured at the time of the largest outflow rates. The phosphorous losses were 58% less for CWT as compared to the CD values in Year 1 and 85% less in Year 2. The reduction in nitrogen content in the soil profile during the winter season was 60–70% less in CWT than in CD. 相似文献
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不同灌排模式稻田排水中氮磷流失规律 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了研究不同灌排模式稻田排水中氯磷流失规律,以集成合理的节水灌溉与控制排水技术,在江苏高邮开展田间试验.试验区排水斗沟出口处设水位调控闸门,在水稻不同生育阶段对排水沟水位及田间水分进行控制,形成新型的控制灌排模式.与常规灌排模式进行对比,两年田间试验成果表明,控制灌排模式较常规灌排模式节水16.7%,增产7.1%,排水总量减少54%,水稻全生育期稻田排水中NH4+;-N、NO3-N与TP流失总量分别减少38.07%、82.29%和52.15%,节水减排和降污效果显著.采用控制灌排模式,通过实施灌水调控和排水管理.控制了氮磷流失关键时期的排水量.高效利用了水分和养分,取得了节水高产、减排控污的效果. 相似文献
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稻田排水是南方地区氮磷损失和面源污染的主要途径。农田氮磷通过降雨击溅侵蚀、排水沟坡面和沟底冲刷进入地表径流。控制排水可减少地面排水量和排水中氮磷浓度,尤其是降低径流中氮磷浓度,从而减少稻田氮磷损失。土壤颗粒沉淀、硝化、反硝化反应以及作物吸收是排水中氮磷浓度降低的主要原因。通过控制涝水在稻田和排水沟中的滞留时间,增加排水沟口溢流堰高度,降低径流水力坡度和抉沙能力是控制排水的主要手段。最后提出了稻田控制排水需要进一步研究的问题。 相似文献
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The Leziria Grande area consists mainly of poorly drained, saline clay soils of marine origin. Three experimental fields were laid out to find whether subsurface drainage can be effective in lowering the groundwater table and improving desalinization.Subsurface drainage results in a lower groundwater table than does surface drainage. With increasing spacing, the groundwater remains at a higher level for longer periods, which is expressed here by the sum of exceedances of the groundwater table above 30 cm during winter.Soil salinity, expressed as EC1:2, and sodicity, expressed as E.S.P., decreased during the first 3 years, in which precipitation varied between 600 and 750 mm and the average drain outflow was about 250 mm. The leaching efficiency decreased with time, indicating that the removal of salt is a slow process in fine-textured soil.Application of gypsum lowered the E.S.P. The infiltration rate and the drain outflow increased. Although the total amount of salts in the drainwater was 40% higher than for the untreated plots, no lower EC1:2 values were found. This is ascribed to spatial variability in soil salinity. 相似文献
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运用DNDC模型模拟分析不同节灌、施肥、控排条件下稻田氮素平衡状况及氮肥利用效率。结果表明,节水灌溉控制排水条件下,施氮量不大于180kg/hm2时,稻田土壤氮库均呈现亏损,亏损量为54.7~127.6kg/hm2,亏损量随着施氮量的增加而逐渐减小;除浅灌深蓄中氮和浅灌深蓄高氮处理外,控制排水处理土壤氮素亏损量均大于常规排水;浅灌深蓄、施中氮和控制排水的组合是最佳的水肥处理模式。 相似文献