A Static Liquefaction Constitutive Model for Granular Materials Based on the Micromechanical Analysis

Based on the static liquefaction of granular materials, an elastoplastic static liquefaction constitutive model was proposed in the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The yielding surface and hardening rules were obtained by integrating the contact force of the model proposed by Chang and a non-associate flow rule was adopted as well. The model has taken the state dependent dialatency law and the effect of initial density to the stress-strain relationship into consideration. The parameters of the model are simple and have certain physical meanings. The predicted results obtained by the model have a good agreement with the undrained triaxial test of Toyoura sand and sand-silt mixture.     

Constitutive Model for Electrorheological Fluid

Electrorheological(ER) fluid is a mixed fluid , which consists of a fluid, non-elctronic particles, and some additive. ER fluid causes the strong interest in the material field due to the particular Electrorheological effect. This paper discusses the mechanical property of ER fluid and presents a constitutive model to describe the rheological property with an applied electronic field based on a simple mechanical partten.The experimental result agrees with the model of ER fluid.     

A Constitutive Model for Structured Clays based onTwo Different Types of Overconsolidation

Structure has a major influence on the stress strain relation of soil, which implies that the constitutive model should reflect the its structure. Based on the investigation , the over consolidation (OC) of the soils was made up of two different types, which were structure induced OC and stress induced OC. And then the structure induced OC and stress induced OC were united. Structure induced OC index was used to represent the degree of structure and the cam clay model was extended. The shape of the yield surface was the same as cam clay model, whise the size was equal to the sum of the structure induced OC and stress induced OC. And the change in size of the yield surface was decerminated by the volume harden function and the structural damage function. The associated flow rule was adopted in the model. Afterwards constitutive model for structured clays was presented. The concept of the model is clear and the parameters are simple. The ability of the model is good by firstly application and it can describe the character of the structured soils.     

A Constitutive Relation of Foam Materials

A constitutive model for foam materials is developed based on the Mixture Theories extended by the concept of volume fractions. Within the framework of the axiom of rational thermodynamics, the thermodynamical restrictions on the constitutive relations are investigated and the constitutive equations are formulated for the solid gas two phase foam materials.     

A Stress Path Damage Constitutive Model for Sang

A hypothesis that the skeleton deformation of sand is only the deformation of the interfaces of grains, and the deformation characteristics including nonlinearity, plastic deformation and shear dilation are controlled by the sliding of interfaces of grains within skeleton, is presented.The contact between grains is classified as perfect contact and sliding contact in this paper.In the elastic deformation phase, the contact between grains is regarded as perfect contact.With the increase of shear stress, there are gradual conversions from perfect contacts to sliding contacts which are viewed of damages in this paper.Based on Mohr Coulomb law, a calculation method for the damage ratio is given according to the relative distance of the stress point to the initial damage line and failure line.On this basis, a damage constitutive model is proposed.The model properties can be conveniently obtained through conventional triaxial compression test and constant stress ratio consolidation test.Test results indicate that the model is capable of predicting deformation behavior for various conditions, including varying consolidation conditions and stress paths.     

Study on Softening Constitutive Model of Malan Loess

In this paper, based on the uniaxial compression tests, consolidated undrained shear tests,consolidation drainage shear tests of Malan loess with different water contents, and based on understanding deeply of peculiar physico mechanical property of Malan     

Experimental Investigation on Factors for Magneteroheogical Effect

Magnetorheological(MR) fluids are the suspensions consisted of micron size magnetically polarizable particles and carrier liquid as well as some additives.They have broad potential applications such as dampers,brakes,clutches,engine mounts and so on due to their particular magnetorheological effect.This paper experimentally investigates the magnetorheological effect of Magnetorheological(MR) fluid.It shows the dependence of magnetorheological effect of MR fluid on the applied magnetic field,the particle susceptibility,the particle volume fraction,the particle size,the additive,and the confecting technology.It describes the response to these factors.The results provide the basis with developing MR fluids and engineering applications.     

Cyclic Creep Constitutive Model of Magnesium Alloy at High Temperature

With high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent technological properties, Magnesium Alloy plays a more and more important role in automotive industry. But the inferior high temperature creep resistance limited its application to power components such as engine and transmission cases. In order to investigate the cyclic creep behavior of Magnesium Alloy at high temperature, creep tests of plate specimens AM50 were conducted. Through the analysis about the microstructure and defects of AM50, an isotropic and scalar damage parameter was introduced into an existing creep constitutive model. Furthermore, a Fortran code based on numerical algorithm was developed to simulate plasticity, cyclic creep, and recovery phenomenon observed. Comparisons between calculated results and experimental data show good agreement.     

A Description for Pseudoelasticity and Shape Memory Effect of SMA

Pseudoelasticity and shape memory effect(SME) are the most fundamental properties of shape memory alloys (SMAs), which can be attributed to the combination of the individual property of each phase of SMAs that are dynamically composed of austenite and martensite. Based on the theory of mixture, a constitutive model is proposed, in which, the behavior of austenite is further assumed to be linear elastic while that of martensite elastoplastic. The behavior of SMA under different temperature is described and compared with experimental observation. Compared with the existing model, the proposed model is simple, physically distinct and can easily be applied in practical engineering problems.     

Roheogical Effect for Magneteroheological Fluids

Magneteroheogical Fluids have very wide application due to the particular magneteroheogical effect. It is the key to develop ment of magneteroheological fluids and application to research on the magneteroheological effect. This paper discusses the magnetorheological effect for Magnetorheological (MR) fluids from the view of theory and experiment. It describes the influence of the applied magnetic field, volume fraction of the particles and the size of the magnetic particles on the rheological effect of MR fluids. It is shown that the experiment result agrees with the theoretic one. That provide the basis for the engineering development and the engineering applications.     

A Review of Concrete Damage Constitutive Models

The existing constitutive models of concrete are mainly based on the framework of the classic elastic -plastic models which are rigorous on mathematics, but not coordinated with the failure mechanism of concrete. Researchers of different countries proposed various kinds of damage constitutive models based on the irreversible thermodynamics theory to describe the damage behavior of concrete. This paper presents a review of different models for concrete,analyzes the characteristics of each representative model and studies the scope of their application. On the basis of the review of existing concrete damage models, some new methods can be provided for further research on damage constitutive models.     

A Thermomechanically Consistent Constitutive Model for Finite Elastoplastic Deformation

Based on a thermomechanically consistent mechanical model consisting of springs and plastic dashpots, a plastic constitutive equation for large deformation is derived. Then the incremental form of elastoplastic constitutive equation is developed, which can easily be applied to the finite element analysis and other numerical approaches. The method for the determination of the involved material constants is suggested, which is based on the concept of nonstress configuration proposed by Lee. The necking process of a circular bar subjected to large elastoplastic deformation is simulated and the comparison between the analytical and experimental results is quite satisfactory. The developed model does not use the eoncept of a yield surface, which effectively improves the convergence and computation efficiency.     

A novel viscoelastroplastic constitutive model of rubber materials and parameter identification

The plastic unit with a yielding process is used to describe rubber’s amplitude-related characteristic, and the method to identify the number of plastic unit and the distribution of the yielding point is researched. A novel hyperelastic-viscoelastic-plastoelastic constitutive model of rubber is built and its parameters are identified according to the results of the rubber material property experiments. The theoretical model is transfered into the material parameters of rubber in the finite element software, which are used to create the finite element model of rubber material. Finite element simulation results of rubber are in good agreement with the experimental results, so the model can be used for subsequent modeling of rubber bushing and analysis of suspension system.     

An Experimental Study on Bolt and Shotcrete in Model Materials

In this paper,a series of bolts and shotcrete experiments are made with the model materials which have different soft structure surfaces,and their acting mechanism is discussed.The experimental results have some practical values of the bolts and shotcrete design in underground engineering.     

Dynamic Constitutive Model of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Its Finite Element Method

Taking the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) test data as training samples, an implicit dynamic constitutive model of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) was proposed with the improved BP neural network program. On the basis of ABAQUS/Explicit, a user defined material subroutine VUMAT was compiled with FORTRAN language, embedding with the neural network constitutive model into finite element calculation. With SFRC structure＇s response under impact load as case study, it is shown that the constructed constitutive model and its finite element method are effective.     

Equivalent Coustitutive Equation of Honeycomb Materials with Equivalent Couple Stresses within Plane Deformation

Equivalent couple stresses and non-symmetric equivalent stresses are introducedto describe the equivalent constitutive equation of honeycomb materials within plane deformation.Itis necessary for the materials of macroscopic polarity induced by some mesostructures.     

A Strain-equivalent Non-local Constitutive Model for Lamellar Dual-Phase Materials

Pearlitic steel is composed of numerous pearlitic colonies with randomly distributed orientations,and each colony is composed of many alternatively arranged parallel lamellas of ferrite and cementite.The pearlitic steel with fine interlamellar spacing possesses excellent mechanical properties,such as high strength,good resistance against wear,and high fatigue life,etc. Based on the inconsistency of the deformation between the two phases,a strain_equivalent and non_local constitutive model is proposed. Using this model,the effect of the interlamellar spacing of peailitic steel,a fundamental parmeter of the microstructure of pearlitic material, on its macroscopic mechanical behavior can be described without changing the local material parameters for each phase of the material.The asymmetrical cyclic plasticity of both the hot_rolled and the off_line full_length quenched pearlitic steel PD3 is analyzed.The comparison between the computational and the experimental results shows satisfactory agreement.     

A Difficulty of Symmetrical Stress Model

There is mased differences between experimental and analytical results in the frame of symmetric stress model,when the notable stress gradient exist,or outstanding microstructure is to be considerated,or wavelength is too shorter in dynamic problems. Other difficulty is introduced in linear elastic statics of homogeneous isotropic solid that.The problem is that,neighbor boundaries of a angle domain are subjected to two shear forces not equal each other. The problem is not solved in the frame of symmetric stress model. In the frame of the asymmetric stress and couple stress model in present paper this difficulty is sovlved. It is show that,as the distance from the boundaries increase the solving in the frame of asymmetric stress model tent to that in the frame of symmetric stress model.