Study of Silane Film for Metallic Surface Resisting Corr

Silane agent is applied directly for metallic surface corrosion resisting, which can replace phorsphating technique.SA film is prepared under the optimal processing conditions, and reflective FTIR spectroscopy is used to analyse component and structure of SA film. Film thickness is detected by elliptical spectroscopy method, and results of electrochemical corrosion processing detecting and CuSO 4 solution point corrosion experiment are used to verify corrosion resistance of SA film.     

Effects of Silane Coupling Agent on Road Performances of Composite Asphalt Mixtures

Aiming at the influence of mastics to aggregate adhesion on the performances of asphalt mixtures, three modeling techniques were adopted to prepare composite asphalt mixtures specimens. The influences of silane coupling agent on their road performances were studied and coupling mechanism was analyzed with Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the road performances at 7 day and 28 day curing age increased in the beginning and then decreased with the increase of silane coupling agent dosages. The road performances, such as freeze thaw splitting strength ratio, Marshall stability and compression modulus would be enhanced 10%~30% at 0.6% in asphalt emulsion mass. There was Si O Si chemical bond on interface between mastics and modified granite aggregate by Si O chemical bond of silane coupling agent. Surface of cement asphalt emulsion mastics was rough and its structure was dense. The cement asphalt emulsion mastics can be adhered to granite aggregate surface and mastics to aggregate interface structure is improved with silane coupling agent addition.     

Concrete with a Crack Treated by Silane Soakage

If a crack appears in marine or concrete structures due to chloride corrosion, it will be a convenient channel for the chloride to penetrate into the concrete and easily corrode the steel bars and damage the concrete. A concrete specimen with a 0.2mm wide crack was prepared. After the specimen was soaked in a silane solution, emulsion and gel, a chloride ion corrosion test was carried out. The analysis of two dimensional chloride content shows that the silane soakage treatment of cracked concrete seals the crack and prevents further corrosion.     

Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers

The naturally short vase-life of cut rose flowers, leads to difficulties with long-distance transportation and subsequent marketing. This study was conducted to determine whether application of salicylic acid (SA) pre- and postharvest could improve vase-life of cut rose flowers of the ‘Black Magic’ variety. Aqueous solutions of 50-200 μM salicylic acid were sprayed on roses grown in a controlled greenhouse about two weeks before harvest and flowers were cut and kept in a vase solution of SA (50-400 μM) to examine SA effects on the vase-life, flower development and senescence, increase/decrease of relative fresh and dry weight, vase solution uptake and activity of an antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT). All of these attributes were positively affected by SA treatment. The vase solutions containing SA showed a significant increase in cumulative uptake, relative fresh weight, and CAT activity. Generally, CAT activity in intact and cut flowers decreased during the flower bud development with the lowest activity present at petal senescence. However, SA retarded the decrease of CAT activity during senescence both in flowers and leaves compared to the water control. Postharvest SA application prolonged vase-life in cut rose flowers by improving the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity related to CAT activity and by better regulation of the water balance.     

SA、MeJA和ACC处理对甘蓝型油菜叶角质层蜡质组分、结构及渗透性的影响

角质层蜡质与植物适应逆境胁迫有关。本研究以甘蓝型油菜中双11为试材,在五叶期分别对其进行200 μmol L^–1水杨酸(SA)溶液、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)溶液以及100 μmol L^–1茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)溶液浇灌处理,分析油菜叶角质层蜡质组分含量、结构以及角质层渗透性的变化。结果表明,MeJA处理7 d后,烷类、二级醇类、酮类、醛类含量以及蜡质总量与对照相比均显著增加,而处理14 d后,所有蜡质组分含量及蜡质总量与对照相比均显著减少;SA与ACC处理早期对叶片蜡质沉积无显著影响(SA处理14 d后,一级醇类、醛类及未知组分含量显著减少)。SA、MeJA和ACC处理21 d后均显著诱导油菜叶片角质层蜡质的沉积,蜡质组分中烷类、酮类、醛类显著增加,其中C29烷、C29酮、C30醛是被SA、MeJA和ACC诱导的主要蜡质组分,暗示烷类、酮类、醛类可能与这些信号分子介导的抗(耐)性反应密切相关。扫描电镜结果显示,SA处理减少叶表皮蜡质杆状结构,且部分区域熔融;MeJA与ACC处理增加油菜叶表皮蜡质的晶体结构密度。角质层蜡质的沉积与结构变化降低角质层渗透性,减缓叶片的水分散失,其中C29烷的特异性增加可能是造成叶片失水率降低的主要原因。     

壳聚糖和水杨酸对黄瓜根结线虫的防治

为了探讨外源壳聚糖（CTS）和水杨酸（SA）处理对黄瓜根结线虫的诱抗效果,以及对黄瓜生长的影响。以黄瓜为材料,通过盆栽和田间药效试验,测定CTS）和SA处理对黄瓜根结线虫的卵块形成抑制率、病情指数及防效和黄瓜产量的影响。不同浓度CTS和SA均对黄瓜根结线虫具有一定的防效,且两者具有协同增效作用,田间试验喷施叶面处理和灌根处理中均以150 mg/L SA与100 mg/L CTS混合处理防效最佳,且灌根处理优于喷雾叶面处理,防效达44.55%,小区产量比对照增加27.3％。150 mg/L SA与100 mg/L CTS混合灌根处理对黄瓜根结线虫具有良好的防效与增产作用,显示出一定的应用价值。     

水杨酸对毛枝五针松壮苗的形成及生理指标的影响

为了克服毛枝五针松幼苗发育不良、根系细弱不发达、死亡率高等问题,采用营养袋育苗试验,用不同浓度的水杨酸(SA)溶液(0、0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 g/L)喷洒毛枝五针松幼苗,研究不同浓度的SA溶液对毛枝五针松壮苗及生理指标的影响,筛选出最佳的SA溶液浓度。结果表明:SA溶液可显著改善毛枝五针松幼苗的生长状况,能够扩大植株根系体积,提高根系活力,增强毛枝五针松幼苗的抗逆性,有助于壮苗的形成。在不同SA处理中,以喷施1 g/L浓度时,形成的壮苗效果最好,比对照高295.18%,且抗逆性最高。建议对毛枝五针松幼苗进行SA处理时,最适浓度为1 g/L。     

Improving the Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid

Drought stress encumbers the rice growth predominantly by oxidative damage to biological membranes and disturbed tissue water status. In this study, the role of salicylic acid (SA) to induce drought tolerance in aromatic fine grain rice cultivar Basmati 2000 was evaluated. SA was applied as seed and foliar treatments. For seed treatment, rice seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l⁻¹ aerated solution of SA for 48 h and then dried back. Treated and untreated seeds were sown in plastic pots in a phytotron. At four leaf stage, one set of plants was subjected to drought stress, while the other remained well watered. Drought was maintained at 50 % of field capacity by watering every alternate day. For exogenous application, SA was applied 50, 100 and 150 mg l⁻¹ at five leaf stage. In the control, SA was neither applied exogenously nor as seed treatment. Drought stress severely affected the seedling fresh and dry weight, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, plant water relations and starch metabolism; however, SA application improved the performance of rice under both normal and stress conditions. Drought tolerance in rice was well associated with the accumulation of compatible solutes, maintenance of tissue water potential and enhanced potency of antioxidant system, which improved the integrity of cellular membranes and facilitated the rice plant to sustain photosynthesis and general metabolism. Foliar treatments were more effective than the seed treatments. Foliar application with 100 mg l⁻¹ (FA 100) was the best treatment to induce the drought tolerance and improve the performance under normal and stress conditions compared with the control or other treatments used in this study.     

种子引发对干旱胁迫下高粱种子发芽及生理特性的影响

萌发期的干旱胁迫是限制高粱生产的主要障碍因子，种子引发是提高作物抗逆性的一个重要技术。为了明确不同引发处理对干旱胁迫下高粱萌发及生理特性的影响，以晋杂22和晋早5564为研究材料，分别进行聚乙二醇（PEG）、KCl、CaCl₂、水杨酸（SA）引发和未引发（NP）5个处理，研究在正常情况和干旱胁迫下种子发芽情况及生理特性变化。结果表明，干旱胁迫显著降低高粱种子发芽率，抑制胚芽和胚根伸长。干旱胁迫下PEG、KCl、CaCl₂和SA引发后，晋杂22的萌发率比NP处理分别提高了18.18%、12.72%、35.45%和31.82%，晋早5564的萌发率比NP处理分别提高了20.18%、10.76%、26.91%和30.04%。干旱胁迫下，引发处理促进了胚根和胚芽的伸长，CaCl₂和SA处理在晋杂22抗旱效果最佳，芽长分别比NP处理增加了267.07%和271.95%，根长分别比NP处理增加了231.94%和355.56%。CaCl₂处理在晋早5564效果最好，芽长和根长分别比NP处理增加了195.96%和206.60%。种子引发提高了胚芽内抗氧化酶活性，减轻了膜脂过氧化对胚芽的损伤；同时种子引发促进了糖代谢，提高了脯氨酸含量，缓解了干旱胁迫对种子萌发的抑制效应。     

表面活性剂对转枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶(Bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme,BSFE)基因烟草根系BSFE分泌表达的调节

0.05%~8%(w/v)浓度的常用表面活性剂Triton X100、SDS、DMSO和Tween20可使转枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶(Bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme, BSFE)基因烟草增加BSFE在根系中的分泌或增加其在水培液中的稳定性，从而促进转BSFE 基因烟草水培液BSFE活性的增加。其单位根体积下水培液BSFE活性与培养天数呈抛物线型变化趋势，可模拟为二次回归模型。这种促进作用与表面活性剂的浓度有关。一定浓度的Triton X100、SDS、DMSO和Tween20可作为转BSFE基因烟草根系分泌表达的有效化学调节剂。     

Chilling Tolerance in Hybrid Maize Induced by Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid

The optimum temperature for maize germination is between 25 and 28 °C. Poor and erratic germination at suboptimal temperature is the most important hindrance in its early sowing. This study was conducted to induce chilling tolerance in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) by seed priming with salicylic acid (SA) and to unravel the background biochemical basis. For seed priming, maize hybrid (Hycorn 8288) seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 ppm (mg l^?1) aerated solutions of SA for 24 h and were dried back. Treated and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and at 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Performance of maize seedlings was hampered under chilling stress. But seed priming with SA improved the seedling emergence, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, and leaf and root score considerably compared with control both at optimal and chilling temperatures. However, priming in 50 mg l^?1 SA solution was more effective, followed by priming in 100 mg l^?1 SA solution. Seed priming with SA improved the chilling tolerance in hybrid maize mainly by the activation of antioxidants (including catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase). Moreover, maintenance of high tissue water contents and reduced membrane permeability also contributed towards chilling tolerance.     

响应辣椒疫霉菌诱导的CaWRKY转录因子筛选及其信号通路分析

在辣椒基因组中全面鉴定WRKY转录因子并筛选出受辣椒疫霉菌诱导的CaWRKY基因,并分析关键CaWRKY基因参与的信号通路。以CM334和NMCA10399为材料,基于辣椒基因组和RNA-seq数据,并在水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理下通过qRT-PCR技术检测基因表达并分析。全基因组共鉴定出69个CaWRKY基因。接菌后12 h,抗、感材料中分别鉴定出7个和3个差异表达基因;接菌后36 h,分别有13个和22个差异表达基因,表明抗病材料能更快速应答。在筛选出的8个关键CaWRKY基因中,CaWRKY19和CaWRKY65受SA诱导上调表达;CaWRKY50受MeJA诱导上调表达;CaWRKY25受SA诱导上调表达同时受到MeJA抑制下调表达,而CaWRKY49同时受SA和MeJA抑制下调表达,推测CaWRKY19和CaWRKY65通过SA,CaWRKY50通过JA,而CaWRKY25和CaWRKY49则通过SA和JA信号途径参与辣椒抗疫病防御反应。     

外源水杨酸、脯氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下水稻产量的影响

水杨酸(SA)、脯氨酸(Pro)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)在植物生长发育以及抵御逆境胁迫中起重要作用。为了研究三者复配对盐胁迫下水稻产量是否具有协同增效作用,本文采用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,建立了SA、Pro和GABA复配剂与盐胁迫下水稻产量之间的数学模型,通过频数分析获得SA、Pro与GABA复配优化组合方案。结果表明,二次模型拟合较好,对盐胁迫下水稻产量的影响程度为SAGABAPro,SA与GABA,Pro与GABA之间交互作用对盐胁迫下水稻产量有显著影响。模拟寻优获得提高盐胁迫下水稻产量10%以上的最佳复配组合为SA 0.44~0.51mmol L–1、Pro 27.63~31.20 mmol L–1、GABA 3.55~4.28 mmol L–1。外源SA、Pro与GABA单剂和复配剂对盐敏感品种牡丹江30的调控作用大于耐盐品种龙稻5号。SA或Pro与GABA复配对盐胁迫下水稻产量的影响具有协同作用,而SA与Pro复配效果与品种耐盐性差异有关。SA、Pro和GABA三者复配效果优于两两复配,任意单剂与其他2种外源物质复配对水稻产量的影响均存在协同作用。     

外源水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗根系生长的影响

为了研究外源水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)种子萌发特性和幼苗根系生长的影响,以2个黄瓜品种（‘津春五号’、‘世纪春秀’）为材料,以浓度(150 mmol/L)的NaCl溶液结合外源水杨酸SA(0~1.0 mmol/L)处理黄瓜种子并进行发芽试验,观察了黄瓜种子的发芽情况及幼根生长特性。结果表明：在150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗根系生长均受到抑制,对黄瓜幼苗根伸长的抑制比茎更明显;外源SA能显著改善NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子发芽特性,促进幼苗根系的生长,缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜发芽和根系生长的伤害,并以0.25 mmol/L的SA溶液处理对盐胁迫伤害的缓解效果最好。NaCl胁迫下不同品种的耐盐性和外源SA的缓解效应存在差异,‘津春五号’的耐盐性和外源SA的缓解效应高于‘世纪春秀’品种。     

论持续农业的制度障碍与创新

发展持续农业有两个关键因素：一是技术变革，一是制度创新，而制度创新更具有决定性。笔者认为农业的外部性、弱质性、基础性构成了持续农业需要制度创新的根本原因，现行的农业土地制度、农业组织制度、农业保护制度、农村社会制度、农业发展战略已成为中国持续农业的主要制度障碍，在认真分析的基础上，提出了持续农业的制度创新路径：综合改革农业土地制度和组织制度、综合改革农业保护制度和农村社会制度、推进农业发展战略根本转变。     

Effect of Salt Stress on the Salicylic Acid Synthesis in Young Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants

The effect of salt stress on salicylic acid (SA) synthesis was investigated parallel with the induction of antioxidant enzymes in young maize plants. Two-week-old maize plants grown in hydroponic solution were treated with 50 or 100 m m NaCl for 7 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities, and the SA and o -hydroxy-cinnamic acid (oHCA) levels were measured on the 3rd and 7th day of treatment and after 4 days of recovery. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased in the leaves, but changes in guaiacol peroxidase activity only could be detected in the roots after 7 days. Glutathione reductase activity increased both in the leaves and in the roots after the 3rd day of 100 m m NaCl treatment. Free SA only increased during recovery in the leaves and roots. In the leaves of plants treated with 100 m m NaCl, a slight increase was observed in the free oHCA level, which rose dramatically after recovery, while in the roots an increase could only be seen after recovery. These results suggest that oHCA may serve not only as a precursor of SA but may also have an antioxidant role during salt stress and recovery.     

植物在高温胁迫下的生理研究进展

(石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003)     

水杨酸处理对香蕉果实采后品质的影响

香蕉果实采后软化及腐烂是制约和影响香蕉贮藏运输的主要因素。以巴西香蕉为试材,研究了不同浓度的水杨酸处理对香蕉果实采后品质的影响。结果表明：500 μmol的水杨酸浸泡香蕉果实6h,具有明显的保持果实硬度、降低果肉与果皮比值、延缓淀粉降解及向可溶性糖转化等作用。水杨酸浓度过高(大于或等于1000 μmol时)不利于香蕉果实的贮藏。     

外源水杨酸处理对黄瓜幼苗根系蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的调节作用

为了研究外源水杨酸处理对黄瓜幼苗根系蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的调节作用,采用黄瓜水培试验,并结合根际施用水杨酸(SA)的方法。结果表明：适宜浓度的SA处理促进黄瓜幼苗根系的生长,以0.1 mmol/L SA 处理效果最好;SA 处理后,根系内AI、NI 和SS（分解方向）活性都高于对照;在0.05 mmol/L 和0.1 mmol/L SA 处理后SS（分解方向）活性与对照差异达到极显著性差异水平,而0.5 mmol/L SA处理后效果不明显;AI 和NI 活性与对照差异显著;不同浓度SA处理后,SPS 活性减小,3 个浓度在处理6 天后与对照差异达到极显著水平,其中0.5 mmol/L SA处理效果最明显,到处理第6 天活性为1.81 μmol Sucrose/(g · h) FW,SS 活性与SPS 活性变化具有相似的趋势;不同浓度SA处理后,淀 粉酶活性随着处理时间的延长总体呈先降低后稍有升高的趋势变化,总体低于对照,其中0.05 mmol/LSA处理效果最明显,到处理第6 天活性为2.33 mg/(g· h) FW,与对照达到极显著性差异水平。由上可知,适当浓度的SA处理,其通过调节蔗糖代谢相关酶活性,从而促进黄瓜幼苗根系生长。     

秋水仙素诱导尾巨桉多倍体的研究

摘 要:以尾巨桉无性系DH3229组培苗的腋芽为处理材料,研究摇床、渗透剂,秋水仙素浓度和处理时间对该腋芽多倍体诱导效果的影响。结果表明：摇床和渗透剂的使用,秋水仙素的浓度及处理时间均能够明显的影响该无性系腋芽多倍体的诱导率。在使用摇床和添加渗透剂的情形下,0.2%的秋水仙素溶液处理24h可达最大诱导率56%。在秋水仙素处理液浓度小于0.05%时,无论如何改变其它条件均不能获得变异植株;当秋水仙素处理液浓度大于2%且处理时间长于48h时,处理过的腋芽的死亡率会快速上升,这直接阻碍了诱导率的进一步提高。