A Global Optimization Technique Used in Public Buildings Reform,Smart Green Building Technique

Aiming at the problems existed in public buildings, such as high energy consumption, heavy pollution and inefficient management, a novel global optimization technique was presented, named SGB (Smart Green Building) technique, in which wire and wireless hybrid sensor network is used to realize operating data monitor of the building. At the same time, the collected data is divided into information flow, energy flow, material flow and people flow, and is processed stratified, so as to achieve the existing buildings reform of energy saving, emission reduction and efficient management, to meet the requirement of green and intelligent. The critical factor of the technique is to deal with the operating public building as an entirety, and do the system-level optimization.     

荒漠化地区农村能源利用现状及建议

合理解决荒漠化地区的农村能源利用与生态和环境的矛盾,实现多元化能源的合理利用,对于促进中国的社会主义新农村建设,实施可持续发展战略有着重要的意义。详细介绍内蒙古阿拉善左旗铁木日乌德嘎查的现状及能源利用基本情况,从社会经济、技术、生产结构、人文和自然地理等角度对能源利用情况进行了多方面的分析,找出了决定该嘎查采用当前的能源利用方式和结构的原因及影响因素。当前这种以玉米芯、秸秆、煤、电、柴油、汽油为主,液化石油气和太阳能为辅的生产已及生活用能结构不仅使当地居民饱受经济和健康的双重压力,同时也对当地荒漠化的进程起到了一定程度的推波助澜的作用。针对上述问题,分别从传统能源和新能源以及非政府组织的作用等方面给出了几点建议。     

色彩学在家蚕彩色茧丝研究中的应用

利用色素添加在家蚕的食物中生产彩色茧丝是一项创新技术。彩色茧丝的色彩与添加色素的种类、时期、浓度的大小有关。利用色彩三要素理论可以大大提高家蚕彩色茧丝的研究效率 ,减少工作量。利用色彩调和理论可以生产出更多色相的彩色茧丝。同时 ,该文又提出了在今后的研究中要建立家蚕彩色茧丝的色彩标准体系。     

Reducing the Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Buildings

Abstract:This research aims at proposing measures to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings in the city of Guiyang. A computer simulation study was conducted on the basis of a building model using the DeST software package. The indoor temperature and year round heating and cooling loads were simulated. From analysis of the simulation results and taking into account the climate of Guiyang, three measures for energy efficient buildings in Guiyang are proposed. 1) Heating is a greater priority than cooling in comfortable air conditioning system design; 2) Natural ventilation should be given priority in cooling design and adjustment during seasonal transition is important to reducing energy consumption in building cooling; 3) Insulating the building envelope and lowering the glazing ratio of walls are critical for reducing energy consumption in heating buildings. Our conclusions will be useful for guiding energy efficient building design not only in Guiyang but also in mild climatic areas of P. R. China.     

Wind Power Utilization Efficiency on Roof of Rectangular Buildings

Installing small wind turbines on the roof of buildings is a new way of wind power utilization in recently years. Based on the annual mean wind speed, the efficiency of wind power utilization on roofs of buildings was studied and the evaluation indexes for the utilization efficiency were proposed. With the help of CFD numerical analysis, the analysis on wind power utilization efficiency on flat roofs of rectangular buildings was carried out. The performance indexes of reference points under different windward angles were investigated. The best position and arrangement of wind turbines on the roof were also discussed. Furthermore, the utilization efficiency of four roofs with different shapes were analyzed and compared with that of flat roof.     

新疆农村公共产品投资绩效分析

随着农村公共产品投资力度不断加大,只有清楚掌握公共产品投资绩效情况,才能为政府投资决策提供可靠依据。农村公共投资的绩效分为经济绩效和社会绩效。本文运用计量经济模型,以新疆省为例来分析农村公共产品投资绩效。结果表明：新疆农村公共投资与农村经济存在显著正相关,农村公共投入每增加1元,将带动农业总产值增加0.322元;同时相关统计数据表明新疆农村公共产品投资在社会绩效方面也呈正效应,且贡献率不断提高,新疆各类公共产品投资不仅有效促进农村经济的发展,而且极大推动了农民的生产生活水平。最后给出推动公共产品供给的均等化、构建多元化投资体系等建议。     

东北严寒地区农村生活用能基线调研与零碳发展路径研究

为了探究碳中和目标愿景对中国农村能源供给体系发展带来的深远影响,本研究通过对中国东北严寒农村地区调研,总结分析了农村生活用能消费特点。结果表明：受气候条件影响,东北地区农村人均年生活用能消费达(0.99±0.40) tce,冬季采暖用能占比达(79.4±4.9)%,主要以秸秆、薪柴及煤炭资源消耗为主,建筑围护结构保温性差,低效传统炉灶仍普遍存在。针对农村地区气候特征、资源禀赋、居住方式与能源需求趋势,基于生物质及太阳能等资源利用,采用多能互补、多元化供应模式,提出了在碳中和目标愿景下,“分户式秸秆成型燃料取暖+建筑节能+分布式太阳能光伏”,以及“秸秆打捆直燃集中供暖+分布式太阳能光伏+建筑节能+分户式省柴节能炉灶”的技术应用模式,并对4个示范村节能减排能力的提升进行估算分析,预计年生活用能节能占比可达(39.7±5.1)%,碳减排量可分别提高5.7倍、66.6倍、24.1倍和15.6倍。     

Analyses of Current Situation of Energy Management in LargePublic Buildings of Chongqing

This study doing statistics of energy consumption and energy auditing of state organs buildings and large public building in Chongqing, then according to the buildings use function classification, analysis problems in energy management and give advices, provides theoretical foundation for establishing state organs buildings and large public building energy-saving system and improving level of building energy-saving management.     

密闭式植物种苗工厂的设计及其光环境研究

密闭式植物苗工厂具有节能、环保、控制精度高、生产成本低等特点,发展前景广阔。利用不透光的绝热材料建设人工光型密闭式植物工厂,设计开发了高精度的环境控制系统,为植物生长提供优化的物理环境。研制了种苗繁育LED光环境调控装置、光照距离可调式荧光灯板,有效地改善植物生长所需的光环境,提高植物的光能利用率。通过对环境控制系统的试验研究以及相关的生物学试验,为密闭式植物工厂以及人工光源在育苗领域的应用研究提供了理论和试验依据。LED、荧光灯与自然光条件下黄瓜育苗对比试验表明LED光环境下植株生长速率高于其他处理,表现出一定的生长优越性。     

缓冲空间对拉萨市居住建筑冬季采暖能耗的影响

冬季现场调研与热环境测试表明,拉萨市现有居住建筑的缓冲空间能明显改善室内热环境。但当地非采暖房间冬季热环境仍较差,居住建筑采暖需求明显。当地采暖能耗与环境负荷增长趋势明显。以拉萨市常见的单元式住宅为基础建立了热工计算模型,模拟分析了南北向缓冲空间进深设计对冬季采暖能耗的影响规律。结果表明：南北向缓冲空间均能有效降低模型的采暖能耗,其中,随着南向缓冲进深增大,模型采暖能耗呈递增趋势;随北向缓冲空间进深增大,模型采暖能耗呈先降后增趋势,北向缓冲空间模型之间能耗差很小。缓冲空间优化设计模型与基础模型的能耗对比分析显示,合理设置的南北向缓冲空间能够大幅降低采暖能耗。     

Research on Method of Evaluating Thermal Efficiency of Instantaneous Gas Water Heater

The thermal efficiency of the fast gas water heaters is an important index sign to reflect the efficiency of its utilization for energy resources,the executing of the signs and standers of utilization for energy resources of gas equipments will put forward some very high request with the objectivity to it. This index sign is tested and defined under the single experimental condition.But that is different in practice.The water heaters work under the various conditions and the changes of the thermal efficiency parameters are inevitable.Therefore the thermal efficiency evaluation for the fast gas water heaters can not carry through with the thermal efficiency which is tested under the single condition and the all-year average thermal efficiency should be adopted.Aiming at the orderliness about the changeful thermal efficiency of the fast gas water heaters which work under the different conditions,we do a flood of experiment research and scientific theoretic analysis ,and bring forward a new evaluation means for the thermal efficiency,that is the all-year average thermal efficiency should be adopted in evaluation.This paper also introduces the calculational methods of the all-year average thermal efficiency detailedly.     

Research on Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency Design for Department Stores in Chongqing

In order to research energy efficiency design of public buildings, the large and medium scale of typical department stores in Chongqing are chosen as objects and twelve stores are investigated about their operational energy. Based on the investigation results, the composition and features of operational energy are analyzed ; it is shown that the short of effective measures in respect of architectural design leads to the high power consumption in department stores. According to the local climate and environment characteristics, this paper puts forward concept of holistic energy efficiency and offers series of design strategies which lead to energy conservation in stores,such asefficiency.regardingclimate as resources and applying appropriate technology to attain energy efficiency.     

寒冷地区校园度日数法建筑能耗基准线的确定方法

校园建筑面积的迅速增长,导致校园建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比重越来越大。为了加强节约型校园建设管理,在建筑能耗基准线理论方法学的基础上,进行校园建筑能耗基准线的测算与研究。基于大量的能耗数据,笔者对校园建筑进行分类研究,提出了在使用功能分类的基础上将公共教学建筑按照空调系统形式进行细化分类的方法。最后采用四分位数法测算了各类校园建筑能耗基准线,提出低能耗水平、平均能耗水平和高能耗水平三类基准线,并给出实际应用中的建筑能耗基准线的修正方法。     

The Exterior Point Penalty Function Method In Building Electric Energy Consumption Split Algorithm

Current electrical distribution system for public buildings generally can collect the total energy consumption for a certain unit or a floor only. However, the amount of energy consumption in different kinds can be calculated by splitting, which may realize dynamic, accurate and prompt collections of industrial regulatory information; the sharing of data resources and should be able to provide scientific foundation while the competent department of construction administration are making development plans of construction energy conservation and policies of macroscopic readjustment and control.     

烟叶烘烤密集型烤房节能技术途径分析

简要分析了我国密集型烤房烟叶烘烤能耗现状及目前密集型烤房加热设备存在的主要问题。在此基础上,结合太阳能及低温余热利用、换热器强化换热、烤房内气流组织优化设计、围护结构隔热、空气源热泵等节能技术,初步探讨了密集型烤房的节能技术途径。     

Strahlungsnutzung durch Bestände ölreicher Körnerfruchtarten — Winterraps, Öllein und Sonnenblume im Vergleich

Radiation use by oil seed crops — a comparison of winter rape, linseed and sunflower For the production of grain crops rich in oil, winter rape, linseed and sunflower are similarly suitable at many arable locations. We wanted to compare the extent to which radiation (PAR) is intercepted and utilized by the individual species for dry matter and yield production. For this purpose, a 2‐year field experiment comprising the factors genotype, N fertilization and soil tillage was conducted. For five phases of crop development, growth rates (CGR, RGR and NAR) and PAR utilization were calculated. At full ripeness, total dry matter, grain, oil and energy yields, the crop‐ and year‐specific PAR supply, its interception and utilization for dry matter production and the resulting energy binding were determined. Due to the different individual vegetation periods, the PAR supply of the crops differed. The crop assimilation areas also differed, with values for winter rape and sunflower higher than those for linseed. The yield productivity of winter rape and sunflower was also higher than that of linseed. N fertilization increased yield to different extents for the different crops. On average, winter rape and sunflower produced the same amounts of dry matter and energy yield. Due to a higher harvest index, sunflower had the highest grain yield, and because the oil concentration in grain was comparatively high sunflower produced the highest oil yield, too. Under cool and wet climate conditions, however, the productivity of sunflower is offset by a relatively high yield risk because of uncertain ripening. The highest PAR utilization by linseed did not compensate for its very short vegetation period in combination with the lowest PAR interception.     

Characteristics of energy consumption and energy efficient approaches for hotel buildings

Based on the investigation of energy consumption and air conditioning system working of 14 typical hotel buildings in Three Gorges Reservoir area cities, energy consumption characteristics of hotel buildings are analyzed. Then the use status of energy efficiency technologies of those hotel buildings is analyzed. Finally, effective energy conservation approaches for hotel buildings are brought forward and the energy-efficiency potential of variable water volume system is analyzed through testing.     

住宅建筑能耗基准确定及用能评价新方法

针对当前建筑能耗基准确定及用能评价方法仍不完善的现状,提出了一种适用于住宅建筑的新方法。通过灰色关联分析确定了不同影响因素(即特征参数)与建筑能耗的关联度,将关联度作为该因素的权值并结合聚类分析对建筑进行合理分类。在此基础上采用累积频率分布法确定了每类建筑的能耗基准值,并对建筑住户进行用能评价。为验证该方法的可行性,将其应用于日本建筑学会所建立的住宅建筑能耗数据库,为聚类后的每类建筑确定了相应的能耗基准并对住户进行了用能评价。结果表明该方法能够综合考虑不同特征参数的影响大小,科学合理地对建筑细化分类,根据分类后的基准评价能够更好地评估住户的节能潜力并提供可行的节能建议。     

Eco-sustainability Assessment of Building Projects Based on Eco-footprint

The life-cycle eco-footprint computing model of building projects was established in the study. It contained the eco-footprint in 4 aspects during the lifecycle: consumed energy, consumed resource, emitted carbon dioxide and produced solid waste. Space efficiency of life-cycle eco-footprint index was proposed and used to assess the eco-sustainability of building projects. Then, the eco-footprint and ecosustainability of 4 different structure types(brick-concrete bungalow, multi-storey brick-concrete, multistorey steel-concrete, high-rise steel-concrete) for residential building in severely cold areas were investigated. The results indicated that: 1) Compared with bungalow, high-rise building with relatively smaller shape coefficient and window-wall ratio had higher eco-sustainability; 2) For the buildings with the same storey, shape coefficient and window-wall ratio, steel-concrete building had higher eco-sustainability than brickconcrete building; 3) High-rise steel-concrete structure had the greatest eco-sustainability during the 4 different bui lding structures, so it was more suitable to promote.     

Embodied-carbon analysis of renewable energy utilization system

Based on the energy analysis theory and carbon footprint analysis, it presents the concept of embodied-carbon and sets up the relevant systematical analysis method and assessment indexes such as CO2 payback period, benefit-cost ratio, CO2 emissions reduction transformity to assess the renewable energy utilization system. These indicators can be a comprehensive evaluation of the utilization of renewable energy in the energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. It analyzes and evaluates photovoltaic power generation system by using the embodied-carbon analysis method and evaluates the potential of solar energy utilization in China.