Artificial Neural Networks Models for Flow Stress during High Temperature Plastic Deformation of Al-Li Alloy

Using gained experimental data to develop the models of stable flow stresses at high temperature plastic deformation by statistical methods for alloy materials, precision of the models is poor and at the same time the processes of modeling are complicated with great workload. On the basis of the data obtained on Gleeble-1500 Thermal Simulator,the predicting models for the relation between stable flow stress during high temperature plastic deformation and deformation strain, strain rate and temperature for 1420 Al-Li alloy have been developed with BP Artificial Neural Network method. The results show that the model on basis of BPNN is practical and it reflects the real feature of the deforming process. It states that the difference between the real value and the output of the model is in order of 5 percent.     

Nonlinear constititive model research of Guss Asphalt Concrete High Temperature Viscolastic Deformation Based on Dynamic Penetration Test

Abstract:We get the viscoelastic constitutive model of high temperature deformation property about Guss Asphalt (GA) concrete used on the improved Burgers model,through Dynamic Penetration Test (DPT) to regress improved Burgers model parameters,verify model's applicability and reliability . The result shows that this model can reveal influent rule of model parameters and experimental parameters on high-temperature deformation of GA, also can predict the permanent deformation variation effectively under high temperature, DPT used can reflect the GA actual stress condition under the vehicle load more accurately, the high temperature deformation property of GA is sensitive to load time and temperature by DPT test under 50 ℃and 60 ℃,the deformation rate and permanent deformation are increasing with load time extension and external environment temperature increased.     

改良型塑料大棚的设计及温度初探

改良型塑料大棚在普通型塑料大棚的基础上进行了一些技术参数改造,并增加了不透明覆盖材料。本试验对改良型塑料大棚和普通型塑料大棚的温度、利用率、建造成本以及收益进行了比较,结果表明：改良型塑料大棚在1月份的温度明显高于普通型塑料大棚,保温性和升温性都明显优于普通型塑料大棚,春季生产可以比普通型塑料大棚提早一个月,而秋冬季延迟收获一个月,同时冬季还可以进行耐寒类蔬菜的生产,收益明显高于普通型塑料大棚。     

梨树大棚栽培棚内外温湿度环境变化规律和物候期研究

为梨大棚栽培技术的制定提供参考依据,对梨树大棚栽培棚内外空气温度、空气相对湿度、土壤温度以及梨树物候期的变化特点进行比较。结果显示：（1）随季节的变化,气温和地温均呈逐渐上升趋势, 6月之前棚内气温、相对湿度和地温均高于露地,且昼夜温差大于露地,6月起棚内外温度差异不显著。（2）棚内栽培‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’梨萌芽早,但落叶晚,整个营养生长期分别为242天和231天,分别比露地长27天和37天。（3）大棚栽培的‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’梨开花期比露地皆提早18天,且花期比露地长2天。（4）棚内栽培条件下,‘翠冠’和‘黄冠’梨采收期分别提早13天和14天,而果实发育期比露地分别长5天和4天。研究结果表明,大棚条件下温湿度高,开花期提早,果实成熟期提前,南京地区可进行梨保护地栽培。     

高温对玉簪品种部分生理指标的影响研究

本研究进行了正常温度和高温条件下，6个不同耐热性玉簪品种的生理生化指标变化趋势研究，结果表明：高温下其电导率和自由水／束缚水比值的上升与其耐热性呈负相关，而脯氨酸含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量的变化与其耐热性呈正相关。上述生理指标均可作为玉簪品种耐热性筛选指标，也为其它园林植物的耐热筛选提供理论指导。     

潍坊市1951—2014年气温和高低温日数变化特征

为了掌握潍坊市的气温变化特征,利用1951—2014年潍坊市气温资料,采用线性倾向估计、累积距平和信噪比等统计方法,研究分析了近64年潍坊市气温及高、低温日数变化特征。结果表明：潍坊市气温无论年际变化还是年代际变化,升温趋势明显,最低气温的增温速率高于最高气温。气温的年和年代际季节性变化呈现出非对称性,春季升温最明显,冬季次之,夏季最不明显。潍坊市近64年高、低温日数均呈减少趋势,高、低温日数减少的主要时段分别在1970s和2000s。高温日数与平均气温、平均高温均呈正相关,相关性最好的为7月。低温日数与平均气温、平均低温均呈负相关,相关性最好的为1月。潍坊市近64年平均气温、平均高温、平均低温和高、低温日数在随时间序列的变化过程中未发生突变。     

Deformation Analysis on the Cuplock of High Support System

The Bowl buckle high support system is widely applied to the actual construction with its convenient construction and high bearing capacity.At present, because of the lack of erection norms and the personnel experience in construction of high support system, so the erection of the structural measures are not reasonable, the system deformation under the action of load is too large which would impact the construction quality.Using ANSYS finite element software simulate the effects of the high support system deforation which arranged in different direction scissors and fixed to the surrounding structure.The vertical and horizontal scissors are arranged to system of vertical and lateral displacement with high support effective constraint.The deformation of the high support system which fixed to the surrounding structure reduced, displacement boundary portion of the vertical rod decreased more obviously.     

移栽地膜棉高产形成机理的研究

对移栽地膜棉的土壤物理性状及棉株生长生理特点研究表明,移栽地膜棉由于提高了土壤温度和降低了土壤容重等,因而扩大了根系吸收范围,提高了根系吸收功能。根系总吸附面积(ABS )比常规移栽棉高0.5~1.0m2/株,有效吸附面积(ACS)高0.2~0.4m2/株,根系伤流量增加。促进了光合面积的扩大和光合功能的提高,LAI后期下降较少,光     

空气湿度对高温下番茄生殖生长的影响

利用人工气候室,研究了空气湿度对高温下番茄开花坐果的影响。试验设置2个空气相对湿度处理,即70%±5%（高湿处理）和不加湿（低湿处理,作为对照）。结果表明,在10:00至16:00平均温度为36.5℃的高温条件下,55%的低湿处理造成植株营养不良和花蕾灼伤,使落蕾率增加,开花较少,坐果率较低;而70%的高湿处理,改善了植株的营养条件,减少了花蕾灼伤,使开花率提高了27% ~ 34%,坐果率提高了26% ~ 30%。表明在36.5 ℃的高温条件下,70%的相对湿度有利于番茄开花坐果。     

高温逼熟等级对早稻品质与产量特征的影响

为了解不同高温逼熟等级对早稻品质和产量影响的差异,探讨现有高温逼熟指标划分的科学性,丰富高温逼熟指标的应用依据,提高水稻高温逼熟预警服务产品的内涵,按照典型高温逼熟的不同等级,采用人工气候箱控制及大田对照进行早稻高温逼熟试验,同步开展粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维、垩白度等品质要素及千粒重、灌浆速度、结实率、籽粒/茎秆等产量要素观测,并结合历史高温逼熟对产量特征的影响作为补充分析。结果表明,高温逼熟造成稻谷粗脂肪含量下降,稻米垩白度随高温逼熟等级升高而上升。且高温逼熟处理比未经高温逼熟对照的粗纤维、粗蛋白含量要高。受高温逼熟愈重灌浆高峰愈集中,当发生重度高温逼熟时成熟期明显提前。高温逼熟造成早稻千粒重、结实率、籽粒/茎秆等重要产量因素下降。高温逼熟愈重对稻米外观、食味、商业价值的影响加大,同时灌浆高峰集中而灌浆持续性较差,茎秆营养向籽粒输送转化不充分,最终产量性状差;目前高温逼熟等级指标的划分与试验结果一致;在实际服务中,应依据高温逼熟灾害级别,选择相对应的防灾减灾对策。     

花后高温对春小麦籽粒淀粉含量及产量的影响研究

春小麦灌浆期频繁遭受高温危害,严重影响了小麦产量和品质.本研究在盆栽条件下,探讨了花后高温对春小麦淀粉形成和产量的影响.结果表明,灌浆期高温使春小麦籽粒直链淀粉含量上升,支链淀粉含量下降,直/支比增大,总淀粉降低显著,淀粉品质下降.花后高温降低了春小麦籽粒淀粉,导致春小麦产量大幅度下降.因此,采取相应栽培技术缓解花后高温危害,可以在一定程度上提高宁夏春小麦的产量.     

The Effect of Contact Thermal Resistance on Temperature Distribution in the Tube-Mouth Region of High Temperature Heat Exchange Equipment

Heat transfer in the tube-mouth region of high temporature heat exchangeequipment was further analysed. The finite difference method(FDM)was employed for investigat-ing emphatically the effects of contact thermal resistance on heat transfer.Temperature distributionin the tube-mouth region with the different contact thermal resistance was found.The computation-al results were compared with that which were obtained with no contact thermal resistance,and thecorresponding heat transfer mechanism was fully analysed.     

CO2加富下空气湿度调控对高温大棚嫁接黄瓜逆境生理的影响

试验在CO2加富,气温为40～45℃条件下,将空气湿度设置为(95±5)%(L1),(75±5)%(L2)和(55±5)%(L3)3个处理,研究了空气湿度调控对大棚嫁接黄瓜逆境生理的影响,以期为大棚黄瓜越夏高产栽培奠定理论基础。结果表明:随着处理时间的延长,3个处理黄瓜叶片中的渗透调节物质均呈增加趋势,即丙二醛含量L2,L3呈增加趋势,而L1则呈先增后降趋势变化;细胞膜透性L2,L3呈增加趋势,L1则呈降低趋势变化;保护酶活性L1,L2呈增强趋势,而L3则呈先增后降趋势变化。不同的空气湿度处理中,随着处理湿度的升高,黄瓜叶片中的渗透调节物质、丙二醛含量、保护酶活性和细胞膜透性均呈降低趋势,表现为L1﹤L2﹤L3,在处理第24天时,L1比L2,L3的可溶性蛋白含量分别降低了17.23%和18.61%,脯氨酸含量分别降低了51.28%和70.72%,可溶性糖含量分别降低了24.02%和37.21%,丙二醛含量分别降低了43.44%和55.28%,细胞膜透性分别降低了74.46%和74.46%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别降低了41.88%和38.19%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别降低了61.21%和67.35%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别降低了27.80%和39.45%。说明在CO2加富和空气湿度为(95±5)%处理下,植株遭受的逆境胁迫较小,强化了高温管理大棚嫁接黄瓜抵御逆境胁迫的能力,降低了逆境胁迫的程度,缓解了逆境伤害。     

高温胁迫对Bt棉叶片杀虫蛋白表达量和氮代谢影响的研究

通过对两个不同类型Bt棉品种(系)不同生育期高温胁迫及持续时间研究表明,高温胁迫(37℃)48h对盛蕾期和盛花期叶片Bt杀虫蛋白含量影响不大。但在结铃盛期,高温使Bt杀虫蛋白含量明显下降。48h的持续高温结果进一步表明,科棉1号36h前下降快,新洋822于36h后下降快。高温使蛋白酶和肽酶活性提高,丙酮酸转氨酶活性下降,但氨基酸含量增加,说明可溶性蛋白分解增强。     

Comparison of Starch Levels Reduced by High Temperature During Ripening in Japonica Rice Lines Near‐Isogenic for the Wx Locus

One problem caused by high temperature during ripening in Japonica rice cultivars is a reduction in the amount of starch in the endosperm. To better understand this deleterious effect, we compared the accumulation of the two components of starch, amylose and amylopectin in grains ripened at high (32/28 °C) and low (22/18 °C) day/night temperatures in a set of lines of Japonica cultivar Taichung 65 (T65Wx^b) that are near‐isogenic for the Wx locus, which encodes granule‐bound starch synthase I. In T65Wx^b ripened at high temperature, the amount of starch per grain decreased. However, amylose per grain significantly decreased while amylopectin per grain significantly increased. On the other hand, the amount of amylopectin in T65wx, the amylose‐free line, did not differ significantly at the high and low temperatures. These data indicated that high temperatures during ripening did not directly affect amylopectin accumulation in T65Wx^b and that the reduction in starch in T65Wx^b from the high temperatures was caused by a decrease only of amylose. The results for T65Wx^a and T65Wx^op were also consistent with this conclusion. As a result of the decrease in amylose, the outer region of starch granules from T65Wx^b ripened at the high temperatures also had less I₂KI staining. Because this fact might suggest that a portion of amylose was synthesized inside the developing granules after amylopectin synthesis in rice, the effect of amylose deposition in increasing of the density of starch granules is also discussed.     

持续高温干旱胁迫对春玉米生长的影响

为了探究高温和干旱对春玉米生长的影响,本研究以春玉米‘科河28号’为材料,设置正常灌溉、持续干旱和持续高温3种处理,探求干旱区高温干旱发生发展过程对春玉米生长的影响。结果表明：（1）持续高温处理下,春玉米苗期缩短9～13天,穗期生育间隔延长6～12天,花粒期不完整;而持续干旱处理,春玉米营养生长与生殖生长并进期延长3～8天,无法正常灌浆成熟。（2）持续高温处理,春玉米前期生长快,抽雄后高度不再增加;而持续干旱处理,春玉米生长缓慢,拔节期之后植株高度显著偏小;持续高温和干旱处理,单株总叶面积和比叶面积拔节期之后均较对照偏小。（3）干物质分配率在持续高温处理中呈现茎>叶片>叶鞘,在持续干旱处理中呈现叶片>茎>叶鞘,穗很小,造成经济产出少,而在对照处理中呈现穗>茎>叶片>叶鞘。（4）持续高温和干旱处理下含水率呈现叶鞘>茎>叶片。受高温和干旱胁迫,产量不保时,抽雄期进行粮转饲较合适。本研究可以为科学抗旱减灾工作提供理论依据。     

江西脐橙高温低湿灾害气候特征及原因分析

为研究脐橙生理落果期的高温低湿气象灾害,利用1961—2013年江西省87个气象台站脐橙生理落果期逐日平均气温、最高气温、相对湿度等资料,分析高温低湿灾害的气候特征;对1981—2013年高温低湿日数与西太平洋副热带高压环流指数进行统计相关分析。结果表明：近53年江西省高温低湿日数呈明显增加趋势,21世纪前高温低湿日数总体变化不大,但21世纪后显著增多。江西高温低湿灾害易发区主要在赣南和赣东北。高温低湿灾害日数在20世纪末出现了由少变多的显著突变,突变后高温低湿灾害日数比突变前增多2.4天。近53年脐橙生理落果期气温明显升高,空气湿度显著减小,气温升高、空气湿度减小是导致脐橙高温低湿灾害增多的主要原因。高温低湿日数与西太平洋副高指数密切相关,3月脊线位置北抬,5月西伸脊点偏东,高温低湿日数都将明显增多。     

高温条件下超级稻对灌水处理的响应及原因分析

(1 湖南省长沙农业气象试验站 湖南 长沙 410125; 2 湖南省水稻研究所 湖南 长沙 410125; 3湖南省气象科学研究所 湖南 长沙 410007)     

高温胁迫对水稻的影响及其对策的研究进展

在全球气候变暖的大环境下,极端天气尤其是高温热害频繁发生,研究高温对水稻影响的机理与对策对促进水稻生产具有重要意义。综述了高温胁迫对水稻生长发育、产量形成和稻米品质的影响,并从光合特性及干物质积累、代谢酶、激素和抗逆物质等方面阐述了其生理机制,提出减轻水稻高温胁迫的具体防御措施,并对未来全球气温升高环境下的水稻生产研究提出建议。