Ca对AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用添加填充材料的CO2激光焊接工艺对AZ31镁合金薄板进行焊接,研究了不同Ca含量对焊缝金属的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：当激光功率为1 500 W,焊接速度为3 m/min时, AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接的焊缝金属中添加一定量的σCa＜0.19%元素,可以得到成分相对较均匀、组织细小的焊缝.当填充带材为AZC04(焊缝中σCa=0.19%)时,焊缝区晶粒相对细小,析出相细小弥散,此时焊接接头的力学性能最优,焊接效率基本可达到100%.     

UV Spectrum and Proposed Role of Diethylberyllium in a 7Li-7Be Solar Neutrino Experiment

Although measurement of the solar neutrino flux via the (7)Li(v(e),e(-))(7)Be reaction was proposed many years ago, no experiment has been implemented since it has been difficult to identify a sensitive (7)Be detection technique. Here it is proposed that the (7)Be atom be incorporated into a volatile molecule, placed in a buffer-gas-filled cell, and then extracted by photodissociation; after excitation by a tunable laser, bursts of photons would be detected. The absorption spectrum of the molecular candidate diethylberyllium has been measured between 186 and 270 nanometers in a spectrophotometer to determine the required photodissociation laser wavelength and intensity.     

Alterations of single molecule fluorescence lifetimes in near-field optical microscopy

Fluorescence lifetimes of single Rhodamine 6G molecules on silica surfaces were measured with pulsed laser excitation, time-correlated single photon counting, and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). The fluorescence lifetime varies with the position of a molecule relative to a near-field probe. Qualitative features of lifetime decreases are consistent with molecular excited state quenching effects near metal surfaces. The technique of NSOM provides a means of altering the environment of a single fluorescent molecule and its decay kinetics in a repeatable fashion.     

Probing the structure of metal cluster-adsorbate systems with high-resolution infrared spectroscopy

High-resolution infrared laser spectroscopy was used to obtain rotationally resolved infrared spectra of adsorbate-metal complexes. The method involves forming the bare metal clusters in helium nanodroplets and then adding a molecular adsorbate (HCN) and recording the infrared spectrum associated with the C-H stretching vibration. Rotationally resolved spectra were obtained for HCN-Mg(n) (n = 1 to 4). The results suggest a qualitative change in the adsorbate-metal cluster bonding with cluster size.     

激光诱导击穿光谱分析新鲜桔叶重金属元素铬

为使激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)能实际应用于环境污染相关的领域,选择新鲜桔叶片样品作初步实验研究。该实验用纳秒级Nd:YAG激光器(波长:1 064 nm)为光源,在实验室自然大气环境下诱导新鲜桔叶片产生等离子体,研究了延时时间和激光能量对新鲜桔叶片中铬元素激光诱导击穿光谱特性的影响,综合评价其信背比和信号强度得到了相应的最佳检测条件:最佳延时1.6μs,最佳激光能量120 mJ。建立了Cr元素的定标曲线,并且定量分析了在最佳实验条件下样品中铬元素浓度。结果表明Cr元素浓度在50～800μg/mL范围内,Cr元素含量和光谱相对强度之间有较好的线性关系。实验也表明LIBS技术是一种快速检测新鲜植物叶片中重金属元素含量的有效工具。     

Spectroscopy using quantum logic

We present a general technique for precision spectroscopy of atoms that lack suitable transitions for efficient laser cooling, internal state preparation, and detection. In our implementation with trapped atomic ions, an auxiliary "logic" ion provides sympathetic laser cooling, state initialization, and detection for a simultaneously trapped "spectroscopy" ion. Detection is achieved by applying a mapping operation to each ion, which results in a coherent transfer of the spectroscopy ion's internal state onto the logic ion, where it is then measured with high efficiency. Experimental realization, by using 9Be+ as the logic ion and 27Al+ as the spectroscopy ion, indicates the feasibility of applying this technique to make accurate optical clocks based on single ions.     

氦氖激光针抑制慢痛的研究

本文以C类纤维皮层体感诱发电位C-CEP作为慢痛指标,观察了氦氖激光隔皮照射外周神经时对C-CEP的抑制效应。证实其抑制程度在一定范围内随照射剂量的增加而愈显著;其抑制过程表现出诱导期和后作用现象及两相抑制过程,同时也观察到该抑制作用能被纳洛酮所反转。     

Probing proton dynamics in molecules on an attosecond time scale

We demonstrate a technique that uses high-order harmonic generation in molecules to probe nuclear dynamics and structural rearrangement on a subfemtosecond time scale. The chirped nature of the electron wavepacket produced by laser ionization in a strong field gives rise to a similar chirp in the photons emitted upon electron-ion recombination. Use of this chirp in the emitted light allows information about nuclear dynamics to be gained with 100-attosecond temporal resolution, from excitation by an 8-femtosecond pulse, in a single laser shot. Measurements on molecular hydrogen and deuterium agreed well with calculations of ultrafast nuclear dynamics in the H2+ molecule, confirming the validity of the method. We then measured harmonic spectra from CH4 and CD4 to demonstrate a few-femtosecond time scale for the onset of proton rearrangement in methane upon ionization.     

Laser detection of pollution

Spectroscopic analysis is a useful technique for identifying and quantitatively determining the presence of specific gaseous constituents. Development of high-power tunable lasers has made the spectroscopic technique for detection of trace constituents in the atmosphere very attractive for practical applications. In this article three of the currently used modes for laser detection of pollution are reviewed: (i) long-path measurements, (ii) laser Raman (differential absorption) measurements, and (iii) optoacoustic detection. Progress in the field has been extremely rapid in the last few years and very useful and reliable data on air pollution can now be obtained routinely with the techniques described.     

基于三维激光扫描仪法的大型立式罐容量的计量

介绍了一种基于三维激光扫描技术的立式罐容量计量方法,利用三维激光扫描仪获取立式罐表面点云数据,进行罐体三维模型重构,计算罐体容积并建立容积表。阐述了基于点云分析的立式罐容积计算模型,以及观察法、中值滤波、莱以特准则（3盯准则）在点云数据预处理中的应用,并给出了利用最小二乘法、加速迭代法、等效面积法计算圈板半径的相关公式。采用HDS7000三维激光扫描仪对某2×10^4m^3立式罐进行了试验测试,检验了HDS7000三维激光扫描仪和相应方法在容量计量中的重复性和复现性。测量结果表明：三维激光扫描仪法与立式金属罐容量计量检定规程中规定的全站仪法测得的圈板半径最大偏差仅为0．1mm,容积相对偏差不超过1％o,满足检定规程要求。（表5,图8,参9）     

C_2H_4分子红外吸收特性的光声探测

用ＴＥＡＣＯ２激光做激发源，用光声法检测了９．２～１０．８μｍ波长范围内Ｃ２Ｈ４分子的红外吸收特性，获得了Ｃ２Ｈ４分子的单脉冲激光光声谱，它与Ｃ２Ｈ４分子的红外吸收谱及光热谱符合的较好；并用光声法测得了样品气体中的声速及Ｃ２Ｈ４分子的Ｖ－Ｔ驰豫时间。     

Phase-matched generation of coherent soft X-rays

Phase-matched harmonic conversion of visible laser light into soft x-rays was demonstrated. The recently developed technique of guided-wave frequency conversion was used to upshift light from 800 nanometers to the range from 17 to 32 nanometers. This process increased the coherent x-ray output by factors of 10(2) to 10(3) compared to the non-phase-matched case. This source uses a small-scale (sub-millijoule) high repetition-rate laser and will enable a wide variety of new experimental investigations in linear and nonlinear x-ray science.     

管道金属蚀失量检测聚焦信号加载理论研究

针对瞬变电磁法(TEM)在埋地金属管道金属蚀失量检测中,由于每个检测点覆盖的管道距离较长,难以满足实际检测精度需求的现状,对磁场信号的聚焦加载技术进行研究.基于经颅脑刺激用磁聚焦线圈技术,设计了一种适用于埋地金属管道检测的线圈阵列,并利用遗传算法对线圈阵列的电流大小及相位进行优化,给出了线圈阵列在计算区域内的磁场分布和二维等高线图,数值计算结果表明:该线圈阵列在计算区域产生的磁场具有良好的聚焦功能,可用于埋地金属管道腐蚀检测.     

蜂产品中重金属对环境污染指示作用的研究

利用电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP-MS）技术测定了采自我国3个污染程度不同地区的环境介质和蜂产品中的11种常见重金属的含量,并对其进行了描述性分析、相关性分析、方差分析以及回归分析。结果显示,采自不同地区的土壤样品中重金属含量相对较高且存在较大差异;洋槐植物中重金属含量总体上较土壤中的低,且采样地区之间差异不显著;蜂花粉中重金属的平均含量与环境污染程度的变化趋势相同,且与环境介质之间相对应的重金属含量存在较强的相关性,因此,蜂花粉较为适合做环境中重金属污染指示剂;尽管蜂蜜中重金属的含量较低,但其中Co、Fe、Mo元素对环境污染具有良好的指示作用。上述结果为评价环境污染程度提供了一种新的技术模式,也为拓展蜂产业应用领域提供了新思路。     

三维激光扫描系统在林业中的应用研究

该文介绍了三维激光扫描系统的组成、工作原理及仪器的性能指标、特点和操作方法.通过甘肃省小陇山林区实验,首次将三维激光扫描系统引入林业调查.通过三维激光扫描仪获取单株立木空间点云数据,利用软件建立了立木三维模型.从三维模型上可直接量测立木树高、胸径、冠幅和计算立木材积,利用获取的材积可进一步建立立木材积方程和编制立木材积表.通过与伐倒木实测数据对比,采用该系统获取的测树因子和立木材积均满足林业调查的精度要求.研究表明,采用三维激光扫描系统可实现对疏林单株立木的无损伤、高效、精准监测,可在森林资源调查中应用.     

Selective Laser Photocatalysis of Bromine Reactions: Laser light excites gaseous bromine molecules to single bound quantum states near the dissociation continuum

The results have shown that selective excitation obtained with a tunable monochromatic laser is a useful technique for studying photochemical and energy transfer processes. A new phenomenon in the photochemistry of bromine was observed, in which bound excited molecules, and not atoms, were formed in the primary process. The mechanism of the subsequent reaction consists of collisional dissociation of the excited molecules into atoms, which then initiated free-radical chains. A quantitative estimate of the collisional electronic relaxation rate for excited bromine molecules was obtained, and a new upper limit to the continuous absorption strength at 14,400 cm(-1) was determined.     

Antibody-mediated bacteriorhodopsin orientation for molecular device architectures

A rational method for constructing highly oriented films of purple membrane (PM) has been established by using two kinds of bispecific antibodies with different antigen-binding sites, one binding to a specific side of bacteriorhodopsin and the other to a phospholipid hapten. A hapten monolayer deposited on a metal electrode was treated with a bispecific antibody solution and incubated with a PM suspension to produce a highly oriented PM film, as confirmed by electron microscopy in which an immunogold labeling technique was used. This antibody-mediated PM monolayer was then used in the construction of a light-sensing photoelectric device. A comparison of the two incorporated PM monolayers showed that highly efficient photocurrents were produced by the PM monolayer whose unidirectionally oriented cytoplasmic surface faces the electrode.     

植物对重金属的吸收机制与植物修复技术

关于植物对重金属的吸收是环境污染研究领域的一个热点,植物修复是利用植物清除土壤中重金属的一项环境治理技术．从植物活化土壤重金属、植物根际吸收重金属、将其转移并累积到地上部位甚至超积累到植物体内等四个方面简要综述了重金属在植物体内运输的生理及分子机制的研究进展．     

Electrochemical defect-mediated thin-film growth

An electrodeposition technique is described that produces atomically flat epitaxial metal overlayers of quality similar to that obtained by ultrahigh vacuum techniques at elevated temperature. In this approach, a metal of interest such as silver is co-deposited with a reversibly deposited mediator metal. The mediator is periodically deposited and stripped from the surface, and this serves to significantly increase the density of two-dimensional islands of silver atoms, promoting a layer-by-layer thin-film growth mode. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy was used to demonstrate the growth process for the heteroepitaxial system silver/gold (111) with either lead or copper as the mediator.     

基于荧光高光谱图像的柑桔糖度无损检测

采用632nm的连续波激光作为激发光,应用激光诱导荧光高光谱成像技术对柑桔的糖度值进行无损测量。先将该激光照射到南丰蜜桔和脐橙样品上,后用高光谱图像采集系统收集诱导出的荧光散射图像;接下来对荧光散射图像进行分析,选取100×50像素的荧光区域作为感兴趣区域(ROIs);再提取感兴趣区域在波长700～1000nm的光谱值作为荧光高光谱图像数据;最后用线性回归方法建立荧光高光谱图像数据预测果实糖度值的预测模型。结果表明,该模型预测柑桔糖度值的相关系数分别为南丰蜜桔的R=0.970,脐橙的R=0.960。因此可以看出,应用激光诱导荧光高光谱成像对柑桔糖度值进行无损检测是一种很有效的方法。