沈阳市“十二五”水土保持规划探讨

沈阳市十二五水土保持规划为沈阳市未来5a的水土保持工作指明了方向。为沈阳市划分水土流失类型区,制定规划目标,并对生态修复、预防保护、监督管理、综合治理和水土保持监测制定具体的规划,项目总投资2.78亿。     

水利工程设计中水土保持理念辨析

我国地质地貌多种多样,水土流失时有发生,对我国经济发展和人民的生活都带来了较大影响.在水利工程建设中,对环境的影响一般就是水土流失,这种现象并不少见,需要我们引起重视.施工方案要科学,要对水土资源起到保护的作用,以此来减少水土流失的发生.基于水利工程设计中水土保持理念,为了防止出现这样的问题,提出了相应的改进水土保持方案的具体措施,希望能够减少水利工程建设中水土流失现象的发生.     

水利工程水土保持中的生态护坡设计分析

随着社会经济的不断发展,水利工程也在进行迅猛发展,为了满足国家的可持续发展要求,在开展水利生态水土保持的过程中,要将生态护坡设计进来,其不但具备传统护坡的所有功能,还将生态和文化等多方面的内容融合了进来,可以使人与自然的和谐共处全面实现.基于此,本文主要对利生态水土保持中的生态护坡设计进行深入的分析和探讨.     

山区水利工程水土保持与生态景观设计研究

随着近几年来经济的飞速发展,工业化进程的不断加快,我国的山区建设也在进一步地加快.但是随着山区的不断建设,对于水土的有效保持问题也成了我国目前的重点问题.我国过度地重视经济的发展,对于水土保持的问题没有进行有效的重视,就导致了我国目前水土流失问题严重,不仅造成了资源的破坏,对人们的日常生活也产生了严重的影响,特别的是在...     

水泥厂开发建设工程水土保持方案编制中的设计要点

开发建设项目过程中获得最大经济利益的同时,势必给原有的生态环境带来严重破坏和影响.以辽宁省某水泥厂为例,根据水土流失特点,分区设计了水泥厂项目区内各项水土流失防治措施.经治理,项目区内生态效益、经济效益及社会效益得到很大提高.     

水泥厂开发建设工程水土保持方案编制中的设计要点

开发建设项目过程中获得最大经济利益的同时，势必给原有的生态环境带来严重破坏和影响。以辽宁省某水泥厂为例，根据水土流失特点，分区设计了水泥厂项目区内各项水土流失防治措施。经治理，项目区内生态效益、经济效益及社会效益得到很大提高。     

关于防护林水土保持的现状及改进措施

虽然我国在社会建设过程中取得了长足的进步,整体经济形势和人民生活水平得到了大大的提升,但是,在经济发展过程中对自然环境所造成的破坏非常大,不仅破了自然生态的平衡,同时,也导致物种多样性的减少.而其中水土流失就是目前威胁我国居民发展与生存的重要因素,尤其以黄河流域尤为明显.而防护林能够有效减缓水土流失,加大水土保持力度,...     

永定新河河道治理工程水土保持方案设计

河道治理工程的实施会对工程区域内的自然生态环境和水土保持带来负面影响。以永定新河河道治理工程为例,分析工程建设中可能造成的水土流失影响,从工程、生物和临时三方面提出水土保持的防治措施,并对其投资进行了初步估算和效益分析。     

淤地坝在流域水土保持措施中的贡献研究

淤地坝既能拦截泥沙、保持水土、又能淤地造田、增产粮食,在黄土高原地区已经有上百年的历史。研究淤地坝在流域水土保持措施中的贡献,已成为泥沙研究和水土保持研究的一项重要课题。本次研究以黄土高原典型流域马家沟为例,分析淤地坝在水土保持措施中的的贡献,研究结果表明：1990~2007年年均减沙量最大的是淤地坝,其次是梯田,依次为林地和草地。坝地的减沙量贡献率在1990~2000年为41.51%,在2001~2007年平均达到了46.58%。     

水土保持基本内容及措施

水土保持是国民经济和社会发展的基础,是生态水利和经济社会可持续发展的重要内容。分析开展水土保持工作的基本意义、基本内容,以及实施水土保持的主要技术工程措施和采取的基本方法,探讨水土保持治理效果的评价内容和现状。     

浅议彰武县土城子小流域水土保持设计

本文依据土城子小流域水土流失情况,科学选定水土保持设计参数,对荒坡治理工程(截水沟)、坡式梯田、地埂植物带等关键工程给定设计参数,并针对经果林造林,合理选择坡式梯田整地或穴状整地模式,还依据保土耕作条件,确定耕作方案.经分析,设计措施生效后,直接经济效益每年可增加281.75万元.     

基于彰武县水土保持及生态建设探析

本文介绍了彰武县流域综合治理的基本情况,以实行"预防为主、全面规划、综合防治、因地制宜、加强管理、注重效益"为方针,坚持保护和合理开发利用水土资源相结合,围绕新农村建设、坡耕地整治、以水土流失为载体的面源污染防治等新任务,加强对水土流失区、生态脆弱地区等重点区域的综合治理,充分发挥自然修复能力,强化监督管理,效益明显.     

济南市土屋峪小流域水土保持生态治理工程分析

小流域治理是生态环境建设的重要组成部分,既有利于水利资源和环境保护体系,又有利于土壤和耕作保护体系,进而促进生态环境向良性循环转化.本文以济南市土屋峪小流域水土保持生态治理工程为实例,介绍了项目区水土流失现状、总体规划和具体治理措施,包括梯田工程、人工林、堰坝工程等设计及施工技术,可为以后类似治理工程提供必要的技术参考.     

Farm-level adoption of soil and water conservation techniques in northern Burkina Faso

Using a Probit regression model, this study uses data from 230 small farm households in northern Burkina Faso to identify and analyse the determinants for the adoption of two soil and water conservation techniques, the “zaï” and the stone strip. The “zaï” is a traditional technique for restoring degraded soils by creating a micro-environment favourable for crops by digging and sowing in holes in which manure or compost has already been deposited. In the stone strips, stones are arranged perpendicular to the slope of the land in order to slow down water flow, encourage water infiltration and increase the sedimentation of the materials reconstituting soil.The Results indicate that the most significant variables for the adoption of both of these conservation adoption are training and small ruminants holding. Variables such as education and perception of soil degradation are determinants only for the adoption of zaï technique. Membership in a farmer's association and area cultivated are positively related only in the case of the stone strips. Although stone strips is a technique suitable for larger areas, the results show that the perception of soil degradation is not positively correlated with this technique. These findings suggest, therefore, that support services for rural development should focus their intervention on making farmers convinced of the problem of soil degradation before training them on soil conservation practices.     

引黄灌区现代化改造的水土保持措施研究

本文按照新时期黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展以及灌区现代化建设的相关要求,通过分析引黄灌区在现代化改造实施中的水土流失特点,结合引黄灌区自身特点进行水土流失防治分区并总结水土流失防治策略,提出了引黄灌区现代化改造中各防治分区在施工前、施工中、施工结束后的水土保持措施.研究结果可为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供技术支撑.     

大连市碧流河水库水源涵养林工程设计浅析

由于辽宁省碧流河水库近几年蓄水位降低,水库周边地区开荒种地致使水土流失问题逐年突出,水库淤积量逐年加大.同时,由于农作物耕种施用的农药和化肥随地面径流汇入库区,对水库水质造成严重污染.针对这一严峻情况,通过水库水源涵养林工程的建设,可以达到涵养水源、改善水库生态环境和保护水质的目的.本文论述了涵养林的树种选择、造林密度和配置模式等,为相类似的工程设计提供思路和借鉴.     

基于水土保持措施因子及其分布特征探析

通过对水土保持的生物措施因子、工程措施因子及耕作措施因子初步分析,提出了水土保持所应采取的措施,为今后水土保持提供可以借鉴的参考依据.     

Management of cruciferous cover crops by mowing for soil and water conservation in southern Spain

In recent years, the use of cover crops in Mediterranean olive orchards has increased due to serious soil erosion problems and surface water contamination by herbicides. In these areas, the annual precipitation regime is strongly seasonal, with dry summers that require killing the cover crop before it competes with the trees for water. Cruciferous species are being introduced as cover crops in southern Spain, and their management by mowing could reduce the use of herbicides. However, the use of mowing as a management system requires an understanding of the phenology of these species to identify the most suitable mowing date to derive the greatest possible soil water content. The aims of this study were the following: (1) to assess the susceptibility of cruciferous species to mowing, their regrowth ability and the persistence of their residues on the soil surface after mowing, and (2) to identify the best mowing date for the cover crops in relation to the soil moisture content in the environmental conditions of southern Spain. For these purposes, the emergence, ground cover, biomass and regrowth after two mowing dates of common mustard (Sinapis alba L. subsp. mairei), rocket (Eruca vesicaria), radish (Raphanus sativus) and Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) were evaluated in field trials during 2001/2002. In addition, during 2002/2003 and 2003/2004, the moisture content of soil sowed with common mustard and rocket cover crops was assessed at different mowing dates and compared with a bare soil control. Common mustard was the most favourable species for management by mowing due to its lack of regrowth after mowing. Early mowing (March 10th) reduced soil moisture due to the regrowth of the cover crop, fast decomposition of cover residues and weed proliferation. Late mowing (April 24th) led to little or no regrowth of the cover crops, large biomass and high persistence of cover residues, which provided effective soil ground cover, avoided the emergence of spring-summer weeds and helped retain soil moisture, reaching a similar water content to bare soil. These results suggest that cruciferous cover crops killed by mowing in late April can be used to replace no-tillage bare soil management systems to reduce the use of herbicides and preserve soil and water quality.     

新郑市新村镇农田水利现代化项目水量供需平衡分析

本文通过对不同灌溉对象在不同保证率条件下灌区水量供需变化进行分析,提出灌溉工程建设和节水增效的措施建议,为灌区水资源的可持续利用及长效运行提供技术支撑.