矿井疏干涌水量解析法估算

针对研究区实际情况,通过选用大井法、排水沟法和回归分析法三种较常用的解析方法估算霍林郭勒市沙尔呼热南露天矿区疏干排水量,并将计算结果结合实际疏干水量比较分析其理论及实际的合理性,为优化配置利用水资源提供依据。     

地表水资源可利用量计算方法探讨

比较分析了国内外有关地表水资源可利用量代表性定义，国内外在此问题上的区别主要在于是否考虑回归水、是否考虑无法控制利用的洪水以及是否充分考虑水权等。以水资源可利用量的概念为切入点，综述了国内外有关地表水资源可利用量的研究进展，着重介绍并比较分析了国内常用的扣损法、美国德克萨斯洲的WAM模型和综合考虑水量与水质的墨西哥水资源可利用量指数法，指出了今后地表水资源可利用量计算的研究重点。     

相关分析在水量平衡计算中的应用

以省雄县水资源平衡调控研究区为例,对水平衡分析方法及适应性进行了评价,在分析研究区水文地质条件和水循环要素的基础上,选择相关分析法进行了研究区水平衡计算,建立了地表水（降雨和地面引水）和地下水位变幅的相关关系,以及地下水储量和地下水位的相关关系,并对两种相关分析计算和结果进行了分析和对比,从中得到研究区地下水多年平衡持续平衡的需水量,即农业用水量值。     

矿井通风变频自动控制方法研究

现有矿井风机的工频供电控制方式已不能满足目前矿井现代化生产的需求。通过研究矿井风机传统控制方式,设计了矿井通风变频自动控制系统。该系统采用变频器对风机进行变频调速,以达到对风压和风量的自动控制;通过检测风机轴承和电动机温度,由中央控制单元自动切换备用风机,提高了矿井生产的安全性和可靠性。     

新疆水资源量分析研究

新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地 ,远离海洋 ,降水稀少 ,气候干燥 ,蒸发强烈 ,是典型的内陆干旱区 ,水资源非常宝贵。新疆生态脆弱、环境恶化的根源在于水 ;再造一个山川秀美的新疆 ,特别关键的因素仍在于水 ;实施西部大开发战略 ,开发建设新疆的关键制约因素仍在于水。水资源随着自然的变化和人类的干预处在不断变化之中 ,随着科学技术的进步 ,人类认识自然改造自然的能力也在不断提高 ,非常有必要对新疆水资源问题进行重新认识。科学地认识、评价新疆水资源已经成为当务之急。1　新疆水资源可利用量1 .1　现　状新疆地表水资源量为 794× 1 0 8m3,平…     

雄县试区可引用的回灌水量分析计算

河北省雄县水资源平衡调控试区的地下水回灌水源为上游新盖房控制站的来水。通过新盖房站控制流域的降雨和径流关系的双累积曲线分析,得出不同阶段人类活动对径流的影响;从中选择具有代表性的年径流系列,建立了径流与降雨的复相关关系,得到具有代表性的长系列径流资料;分析计算了径流特征值及下游雄县试区可引用的回灌水量。     

矿井通风安全影响因素及防范措施

保证矿井通风安全是保护井下作业人员生命安全的重要举措,客观分析影响矿井通风安全的因素并且及时采取有效的防范措施是防范煤矿安全事故、提升经济效益的基础。本文以分析影响矿井通风安全的因素作为切入点,提出相应的防范措施,以此构建安全可靠的通风系统。     

雄县试区可引用的回灌水量分析计算

河北省雄县水资源平衡调控试区的地下水回灌水源为上游新盖房控制站的来水。通过新盖房站控制流域的降雨和径流关系的双累积曲张分析,得出不同阶段人类活动对径流的影响;从中选择具有代表性的年径流系列,建立了径流与降雨的复相关关系,得到了具有代表性的长系列径流资料;分析了计算了径流特征值及下游雄县试区可引用的回灌水量。     

水库坝址水量水温耦合计算

采用一维水量水温耦合模型模拟预测拟建梯级水库坝址水温分布规律。充分考虑了流量、流速、气温、辐射等影响因素。利用直门达站和岗拖站实测资料进行验证,计算结果与实测资料吻合较好。根据验证的模型对不同典型年的坝址水温预测,结果很好地反应了计算江段的水温随时间、空间的变化规律。研究成果能够为无实测资料的水库坝址进行各种分析计算提供很好的试验资料。     

矿井通风系统节电方法的探讨

本文从通风节电效果出发，主要论述了无功就地补偿和变频调速在通风系统的应用，并结合煤矿企业供配电的具体情况，提出以集中补偿和就地补偿相结合的补偿方法，以提高供配电系统的供电质量，改善电动机的运行状态，节约电能和机电设备的运行费用。     

水资源水质水量优化配置分析

本研究旨在实现水资源水质水量的优化配置,通过对水资源水质水量优化配置的生态经济学理论进行分析,指出水资源水质水量优化配置的概念,在内涵分析基础上确定了水资源水质水量优化配置的具体阈值原理和模型体系框架.同时对青海水资源水质水量的优化配置进行分析,指出不同区域的水资源水质水量需要进行针对性的优化配置.     

Simulation of drainage water quality with DRAINMOD

The design and management of drainage systems should consider impacts on drainage water quality and receiving streams, as well as on agricultural productivity. Two simulation models that are being developed to predict these impacts are briefly described. DRAINMOD-N uses hydrologic predictions by DRAINMOD, including daily soil water fluxes, in numerical solutions to the advective-dispersive-reactive (ADR) equation to describe movement and fate of NO₃-N in shallow water table soils. DRAINMOD- CREAMS links DRAINMOD hydrology with submodels in CREAMS to predict effects of drainage treatment and controlled drainage losses of sediment and agricultural chemicals via surface runoff. The models were applied to analyze effects of drainage intensity on a Portsmouth sandy loam in eastern North Carolina. Depending on surface depressional storage, agricultural production objectives could be satisfied with drain spacings of 40 m or less. Predicted effects of drainage design and management on NO₃-N losses were substantial. Increasing drain spacing from 20 m to 40 m reduced predicted NO₃-N losses by over 45% for both good and poor surface drainage. Controlled drainage further decreases NO₃-N losses. For example, predicted average annual NO₃-N losses for a 30 m spacing were reduced 50% by controlled drainage. Splitting the application of nitrogen fertilizer, so that 100 kg/ha is applied at planting and 50 kg/ha is applied 37 days later, reduced average predicted NO₃-N losses but by only 5 to 6%. This practice was more effective in years when heavy rainfall occurred directly after planting. In contrast to effects on NO₃-N losses, reducing drainage intensity by increasing drain spacing or use of controlled drainage increased predicted losses of sediment and phosphorus (P). These losses were small for relatively flat conditions (0.2% slope), but may be large for even moderate slopes. For example, predicted sediment losses for a 2% slope exceeded 8000 kg/ha for a poorly drained condition (drain spacing of 100 m), but were reduced to 2100 kg/ha for a 20 m spacing. Agricultural production and water quality goals are sometimes in conflict. Our results indicate that simulation modeling can be used to examine the benefits of alternative designs and management strategies, from both production and environmental points-of-view. The utility of this methodology places additional emphasis on the need for field experiments to test the validity of the models over a range of soil, site and climatological conditions.     

高层建筑给排水施工技术

文章阐述了高层建筑给排水工程的特点并对施工过程中出现的若干问题进行了分析探讨,同时提出了防治问题的相关措施在此仅供同行参考之用。     

排灌输水隧洞正常水深的简捷算法

为了使标准城门洞形断面正常水深的求解具有简单的显函数计算公式,对标准城门洞形断面正常水深的基本方程进行恒等变形,将水面位于底角圆弧段和顶弧段正常水深的超越方程以及水面位于侧边直线段正常水深的高次方程,变成无量纲化正常水深与已知量综合参数的单变量函数方程.引入准线性函数的概念并将准线性函数作为标准模板,再对正常水深的单变量函数方程应用准线性函数标准模板,在工程常用范围即无量纲化正常水深y∈[0.051,.80]范围内进行优化计算及准线性函数逼近,得到了超越方程和高次方程的替代函数方程,替代函数具有类似于线性函数形式,即正常水深的准线性显函数表达式,并进行误差分析.结果表明,在隧洞底部圆弧段正常水深的最大相对误差小于0.36%,侧边直线段正常水深的最大相对误差小于0.31%,顶弧段正常水深的最大相对误差小于0.39%,说明准线性公式在隧洞有效水深范围内计算的水深准确度较高,可为排灌输水隧洞的断面设计及实现渠道水位控制时确定均匀流水深提供参考.     

建筑节能技术在给排水设计中的应用

现代经济发展迅速,可使用资源与来月匮乏,因此,建筑节能是贯彻可持续发展战略、实现国家节能规划目标、减排温室气体的重要措施,符合全球发展趋势.针对这一情况文章提出了几个建筑节能的方案.     

Evaluating a multi-level subsurface drainage system for improved drainage water quality

This paper describes a multi-level drainage system, designed to improve drainage water quality. Results are presented from a field scale land reclamation experiment implemented in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales, Australia. A traditional single level drainage system and a multi-level drainage system were compared in the experiment in an irrigated field setting. The single level drainage system consisted of 1.8 m deep drains at 20 m spacing. This configuration is typical of subsurface drainage system design used in the area. The multi-level drainage system consisted of shallow closely spaced drains (3.3 m spacing at 0.75 m depth) underlain by deeper widely spaced drains (20 m spacing at 1.8 m depth). Data on drainage flows and salinity, water table regime and soil salinity were collected over a 2-year period.     

大型排水泵装置空化区间的数值计算

为了研究大型排水泵装置空化区间,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,应用Rayleigh-Plesset模型对泵装置内部空化进行描述,结合模型泵试验验证数值模拟结果准确性.重点分析了泵装置相同水位不同流量系数δ下的空化分布规律、空化体积分数以及大流量系数下叶片表面受力分布规律.结果表明:设计水位下,δ≥0.8和δ=1.0时泵装置叶轮非空化运行角度分别为-8°~ 0°和-8°~+6°; 与设计水位相比,泵装置进水池水位降低会增大空化区间,反之将会减小;相同流量系数下,叶轮运行角度偏离0°越大,空化现象越严重,空化体积分数越大;进口水位达到最高防洪水位,非空化区间的最大运行工况为Q=28.75 m³/s(+8°);大流量系数下运行时,叶轮表面总压分布随着叶轮运行角度的增大而增大.本研究结果为大型排水泵装置稳定运行提供参考.     

Controlled water table management as a strategy for reducing salt loads from subsurface drainage under perennial agriculture in semi-arid Australia

Recent community based actions to ensure the sustainability of irrigation and protection of associated ecosystems in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of Australia has seen the implementation of a regional Land and Water Management Plan. This aims to improve land and water management within the irrigation area and minimise downstream impacts associated with irrigation. One of the plan objectives is to decrease current salt loads generated from subsurface drainage in perennial horticulture within the area from 20 000 tonnes/year to 17 000 tonnes/year. In order to meet such objectives Controlled Water table Management (CWM) is being investigated as a possible ‘Best Management Practice’, to reduce drainage volumes and salt loads.During 2000–2002 a trial was conducted on a 15 ha subsurface drained vineyard. This compared a traditional unmanaged subsurface drainage system with a controlled drainage system utilizing weirs to maintain water tables and changes in irrigation scheduling to maximize the potential crop use of a shallow water table. Drainage volumes, salt loads and water table elevations throughout the field were monitored to investigate the effects of controlled drainage on drain flows and salt loads.Results from the experiment showed that controlled drainage significantly reduced drainage volumes and salt loads compared to unmanaged systems. However, there were marked increases in soil salinity which will need to be carefully monitored and managed.     

暗管排水条件下微咸水灌溉对土壤盐分动态及夏玉米生长的影响

进行暗管排水条件下微咸水灌溉田间试验,设置3种暗管埋深,分别为80 cm(D1)、120 cm(D2)以及无暗管排水(D0),3种微咸水浓度,其电导率分别为0.78 dS/m(S1),3.75 dS/m(S2)和6.25 dS/m(S3),共9个处理,每个处理3组重复.试验结果表明:暗管排水措施可以有效排除微咸水灌溉过程中土壤中累积的盐分;在玉米全生育期内,暗管埋深D1条件下,3种浓度微咸水S1,S2和S3灌溉时根系土壤电导率分别下降了39.00%,31.56%和29.43%,暗管埋深D2条件下,根系土壤电导率则分别下降了31.91%,18.08%和7.44%;夏玉米干物质累积量、穗棒累积量和穗棒质量分配率及最终产量均随着微咸水浓度的升高而降低;在相同微咸水浓度下,不同暗管埋设条件下的夏玉米最终产量从大到小依次为D1,D2,D0;3种暗管埋设条件下的作物需水量从大到小依次为D0,D2,D1的规律;暗管埋深80 cm的处理(D1)下夏玉米水分利用效率最高,而未埋设暗管的处理(D0)水分利用效率最低;当暗管埋设条件一定时,夏玉米水分利用效率随微咸水浓度的升高呈逐渐降低的趋势.     

考虑气象条件变化的火电厂循泵优化运行

以循环冷却水系统整体作为研究对象,基于循泵优化运行模型,并充分考虑气象条件变化对循泵优化运行的影响,绘制出可直接根据气象条件指导循泵优化运行的一种新型等效益曲线及相应的净收益功率曲线.以某电厂660 MW机组为例,将新型等效益曲线与现有等效益曲线进行对比应用分析.结果表明:在循环冷却水系统中,根据现有等效益曲线查取的循泵运行方式并不总是“最优”的,甚至在相同的机组负荷、气象条件下,仅因当前工况循泵运行方式的不同,所查取的最优循泵运行方式也可能不同,但是新型等效益曲线始终能够合理地指导循泵优化运行.同时,利用新型等效益曲线及净收益功率曲线对660 MW机组的循泵优化运行进行了技术和经济研究分析.通过对比不同机组负荷下的净收益功率曲线发现:在夏季高温情况下,循环冷却水系统在机组低负荷下的运行费用有可能高于在机组高负荷下的运行费用.