脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕试验

脱酚棉籽蛋白为去壳棉籽经液—液—固工艺提取的高蛋白、低棉酚的蛋白质饲料，该工艺既避免了常规工艺制油过程中，蛋白因受热变性而降低了蛋白质和氨基酸的利用率，同时又解决了溶剂萃取法中溶剂分离和回收之问题。本试验旨在比较脱酚棉籽蛋白替代奶牛精补料中４５．４５％的豆粕对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响。１材料与方法１．１试牛的选择：选取胎次、泌乳天数、泌乳量、体重相同或相近的黑白花奶牛１５对进行配对试验，试验牛的基本情况见表１。１．２试验方法：试验组用脱酚棉籽蛋白替代对照组精补料中４５．４５％的豆粕，两组牛只…     

浓缩脱酚棉籽蛋白生长猪消化能评定及其对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响

本研究旨在通过猪消化代谢试验测定浓缩脱酚棉籽蛋白(CDCP)生长猪消化能,同时研究其对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响.试验选取65日龄、体重(38.80±2.60)kg的"杜×(长×大)"健康阉公猪8头,随机分成2组(每组4个重复,每个重复1头猪),分别饲喂基础饲粮和试验饲粮(80％基础饲粮+20％C...     

脱酚棉籽蛋白及其在养殖业中的应用

文章从脱酚技术、产品标准、营养价值以及在养殖业中的应用研究等方面对脱酚棉籽蛋白予以概述。     

脱酚棉籽蛋白对肥育猪屠宰性能及肉质的影响

采用单因子方法研究猪在肥育期用脱酚棉籽蛋白全部代替豆粕,对猪屠宰性能、肉质和风味的影响。选用36头健康、日龄相近、体重（63.09±4.64）kg的杜长大三元商品猪,随机分成2组,每组6个重复（6栏）,每个重复3头。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验组饲喂玉米-脱酚棉籽蛋白饲粮。结果发现,脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对猪的胴体性能、肉质指标、感官评定肉风味指标无显著影响,表明脱酚棉籽蛋白是一种安全的可替代豆粕的蛋白质原料。     

脱酚棉籽蛋白的营养特性及应用

1加工工艺及特点脱酚棉籽蛋白是一种新型优质饲用蛋白。普通棉粕含有较多的游离棉酚,其不仅降低了日粮中赖氨酸的利用率,同时对畜禽的毒害主要表现为影响造血功能,造成贫血致使动物生长受阻,同时还影响动物的繁殖机能,造成动物不育。脱酚棉籽蛋白的游离棉酚含量通常在400mgkg以     

脱酚棉籽蛋白对育肥猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验采用脱酚棉籽蛋白按比例替代饲粮中豆粕,探讨脱酚棉籽蛋白对育肥猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:在保证消化能、粗蛋白和饲粮标准回肠可消化赖氨酸一致的情况下,脱酚棉籽蛋白的添加不影响育肥猪生长性能(P>0.05),高量添加极显著降低碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但并不影响其他血液生化指标(P>0.05)。脱酚棉籽蛋白是一种优良安全的育肥猪日粮植物蛋白资源。     

脱酚棉籽蛋白在水产饲料中的应用

<正>我国是饲料蛋白资源紧缺的国家,每年都有2000万t左右的蛋白原料缺口。同时作为一个产棉大国,我国年产棉籽约800万t,提油后的棉粕中含有丰富的蛋白质(38%～45%),年产量可达400万t以上,占我国年产各种饼粕总量的12%左右,如果能得到充分利用,将部分缓解我国蛋白原料的供求     

脱酚棉籽蛋白对肉鸡生产性能的影响

为探讨脱酚棉籽蛋白在肉鸡日粮中对豆粕的替代效果,本试验选用1日龄的健康肉鸡990羽,随机分成5组(对照组、3%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组、6%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组、9%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组、12%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组)进行饲养试验。结果表明,棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对肉鸡的生长效果与其添加剂量有关。但是肉鸡的各项生产性能指标与添加剂量的线形变化趋势不明显。日粮中添加3%～9%的棉籽蛋白组与对照组的日增重、日采食量、成活率相比较差异均不显著(p>0.05);当添加量达到12%时,前期的生产性能较低,其日增重与对照组差异显著(p<0.05);从全期来看,前期添加6%的脱酚棉籽蛋白和中后期添加9%的脱酚棉籽蛋白对肉鸡的生产性能没有不利的影响。     

脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对15～35kg杜长大猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对15~35 kg生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取72头体重为（14.32±1.49）kg、日龄基本一致的杜长大三元商品去势猪,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复3头猪。4种饲粮中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕比例分别为：0（对照组）、20%（4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）、40%（9.8%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）、60%（14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）,4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组脱酚棉籽蛋白在饲粮中的比例分别为4.9%、9.8%、14.7%。试验全期共33 d。结果显示：1）试验各组在日增重与日采食量上差异不显著（P〉0.05）,日增重都达到600 g以上,与对照组相比,4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组日增重分别降低1.7%、4.6%和0.7%;4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组料重比分别比对照组升高0.08（P〉0.05）、0.1（P〉0.05）、0.15（P〈0.05）。2）试验血清生化指标表明,4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组谷丙转氨酶高于9.8%脱酚棉籽蛋白组,约高31.4%（P〈0.05）;4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组谷草转氨酶含量高于9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组,分别高38.6%（P〈0.05）、56.5%（P〈0.05）;试验各组间血清总蛋白、尿素氮、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G等均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。综上述,在本试验条件下脱酚棉籽蛋白替代（20%、40%）豆粕对15~35 kg生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标没有明显不良影响,在生产中应用是可行的。     

优质奶牛专用蛋白原料--脱酚棉籽蛋白

脱酚棉籽蛋白因为加工过程中有脱壳工序，粗纤维含量极低，碳水化合物中的糖和淀粉相对较多，且单糖（葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖）、双糖（蔗糖、乳糖）、三糖（棉籽糖、水苏糖）、多糖、淀粉等组成非常全面，可溶性好。棉籽蛋白中磷含量也非常丰富，有利于瘤胃微生物的生长，使之能够迅速繁殖到足够的数量，从而充分合理地降解饲料中各种营养物质。     

用化学分析法预测大豆蛋白类饲料猪消化能值的模型建立

试验探讨用化学分析法预测大豆蛋白类饲料猪消化能值。选取体重(35±2)kg、遗传基础相似的健康杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪8头,采用2个4×4拉丁方设计,运用套算法测定豆饼、豆粕、干法膨化全脂大豆等8种大豆蛋白类饲料的表观消化能(DE),分析并计算出各种饲料的常规成分。结果表明:(1)在大豆蛋白类饲料猪消化能值回归预测中,ADF是最佳预测因子。(2)最佳预测方程为①DE(MJ/kg,DM基础)=16.407-85.982ADF+0.328GE(R2=0.88,RSD=0.264%,P<0.01);②DE(MJ/kg,DM基础)=30.319-89.999ADF+9.659SCHO-184.115Ash(R2=0.95,RSD=0.189%,P<0.01);③DE(MJ/kg,DM基础)=23.882-84.418ADF-7.877NFE+19.71CF(R2=0.95,RSD=0.281%,P<0.01),上述最佳方程经检验适用于与本试验类似的饲料。     

不同粉碎粒度对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)及棉粕分离蛋白(CPI)提取率的影响

采用传统的碱溶酸沉法提取了大豆粕及棉籽粕中大豆分离蛋白(SPI)及棉粕分离蛋白(CPI),并分别测定了棉籽粕,60目棉粕分离蛋白和80目棉粕分离蛋白中游离棉酚的含量,结果显示,60目及80目大豆粕中大豆分离蛋白的提取率分别为39.82%和44.95%(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量分别为81.07%和71.35%;60目及80目棉籽粕中棉粕分离蛋白的提取率分别为23.22%和35.39%(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量分别为76.03%和82.44%;棉籽粕、60目棉粕分离蛋白及80目棉粕分离蛋白中游离棉酚的含量分别为2182.54、522.79和503.87mg/kg(P<0.01)。综上所述,不同的粉碎粒度对大豆分离蛋白和棉粕分离蛋白的提取率有显著的影响,碱溶酸沉法显著降低了棉粕分离蛋白中游离棉酚的含量。     

Influence of pre‐press solvent‐extracted cottonseed meal supplemented with exogenous enzyme and digestible lysine on performance,digestibility, carcass and immunity responses of broiler chickens

The response of broiler chickens to two levels of endo‐1,4‐β xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and endo‐1,3‐β glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) combination (with and without), three levels of digestible lysine (0.8%, 0.9% and 1.0% with the applicability of ideal protein concept) and two levels of cottonseed meal (CSM; 20% and 30%) were evaluated in 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. A total of 2448 male Hubbard broiler chicks were fed on practical vegetable‐based mash diets having 2750 kcal metabolizable energy (ME) per kg and 18.5% crude protein (CP) from the age of day 1 to 42. The supplemental enzyme had minimum 1100 units of endo‐1,4‐β xylanase and 100 units of endo‐1,3‐β glucanase/kg of finished diet. The addition of CSM at 30% resulted in increasing arginine to lysine ratio. A decrease in dressing and breast percentages were observed by the addition of 30% CSM. The digestible lysine at 1.0% decreased the body weight (BW) gain and lowered the mortality during day 1 to 21 whereas the BW gain and feed:gain ratio were unaffected among the three digestible lysine levels during day 1 to 42. The antibody titres against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease viruses were improved with the increasing levels of digestible lysine. The enzyme supplementation improved the apparent ME and digestibility coefficient of nitrogen when it was used with 30% CSM. No effect of enzyme, lysine, CSM or their interactions was observed on serum iron, gizzard and liver weights or abdominal fat percentage. The results showed that increasing digestible lysine improved the antibody titre but did not improve the growth performance and carcass characteristics; supplemental enzyme failed to show any improvement in performance of birds fed on CSM‐based diets.     

采用蛋白质溶解度评价几种饼粕类原料品质的研究

试验采集了不同来源的豆粕、棉粕和脱酚棉籽蛋白样品,测定它们在0.2%KOH溶液中的蛋白质溶解度(Protein Solubility,PS),比较两种豆粕品质的优劣以及探讨PS法评价棉粕、脱酚棉籽蛋白品质的可行性。结果表明:带皮豆粕PS范围为78.01%～81.27%,去皮豆粕PS范围为85.00%～86.59%,去皮豆粕的品质优于带皮豆粕;棉粕PS范围为52.24%～66.56%,脱酚棉籽蛋白PS范围为56.60%～64.72%,PS法评价棉粕或脱酚棉籽蛋白存在一定的缺陷,不适宜评价棉粕或脱酚棉籽蛋白的品质。     

Comparison of digestible and metabolizable energy and digestible phosphorus and amino acid content of corn ethanol coproducts from Brazil and the United States produced using fiber separation technology for swine

Three experiments (exp.) were conducted to determine and compare the digestibility of nutrients and energy of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from the United States (USDDGS), a dried mixture of corn bran with solubles (CBS) from Brazil (BRCBS), and high protein corn distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) from the United States (USHPDG) and Brazil (BRHPDG) in growing pigs. The feed ingredients were evaluated for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF, respectively), and digestible and metabolizable energy (DE and ME, respectively) using the total collection and index methods in exp. 1; ATTD and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P) in exp. 2; and apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibilities of CP and amino acids (AA) in exp. 3. Fifty crossbred barrows (32.4 ± 6.9, 38.3 ± 5.2, and 46.2 ± 5.3 kg body weight [BW], in exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were fed a corn basal diet in exp. 1, a P-free diet in exp. 2, and an N-free diet in exp. 3 or diets with 40% inclusion of test ingredients to provide 10 replications per treatment. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism cages (exp. 1) or in pens (exp. 2 and 3) and fed at 2.8 times the maintenance DE requirement (110 kcal/kg BW^0.75) based on their BW at the beginning of each experiment. Except for ATTD of NDF, which tended (P = 0.058) to be greater by the index method compared with the total collection method, no difference between the total collection and index methods was observed for ATTD of remaining nutrients and DE. The ATTD of DM, GE, NDF, and DE content of BRHPDG were greater (P < 0.001) than USHPDG, BRCBS, and USDDGS. The AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr, and Val and the SID of His, Leu, Lys, and Val of BRHPDG were 8% to 36% greater (P < 0.05) than those from USHPDG. Except for Trp, all AID and SID AA values were greater (P < 0.05) in BRHPDG than in USHPDG. The ATTD of DM, GE, NDF, and ADF; DE and ME content; AID of CP, Arg, Ile, Leu, Phe, Thr, and Trp; and SID of CP, Arg, Phe, and Thr of USDDGS were 9% to 45% greater (P < 0.05) than those in BRCBS. The ATTD and the STTD of P in USHPDG and USDDGS were 26% to 42% greater (P < 0.05) compared with BRHPDG and BRCBS. In conclusion, BRHPDG had a greater digestibility of energy and most of the AA than USHPDG, while the BRCBS evaluated had lower nutritional value than the USDDGS source.     

Digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations and amino acid digestibility of dried yeast and soybean meal for growing pigs

Energy values and amino acid (AA) digestibility of dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) were determined in 2 experiments with growing pigs. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in DY and SBM. Thirty barrows with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.6 kg (SD = 1.04) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A reference diet was prepared with corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5% and 10% DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the reference diet. The ratio of corn, canola meal, and soybean oil was kept consistent across the experimental diets. Each experimental period consisted of 5-d adaptation and 5-d quantitative collection of feces and urine. Test ingredient-associated DE or ME intake (kcal/d) was regressed against test ingredient intake [kg dry matter (DM)/d] to estimate the DE or ME in test ingredients as the slope of linear regression model. The DE in DY was estimated at 3,933 kcal/kg DM, which was not different from the estimated DE in SBM at 4,020 kcal/kg DM. Similarly, there was no difference between DY and SBM in the estimated ME (3,431 and 3,756 kcal/kg DM, respectively). Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in DY and SBM. Twenty-one barrows with a mean initial BW of 20.0 kg (SD = 1.31) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two semi-purified diets containing DY or SBM as the sole nitrogen source and one nitrogen-free diet (NFD) were prepared. The NFD was used to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Pigs were fed the 3 diets for 5 d as adaptation, followed by 2 d of feeding with ileal digesta collection. The SID of AA, except Gly and Pro, in DY was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.1% for Thr to 85.2% for Arg, and those in SBM ranged from 83.9% for Thr to 91.8% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values of DY are not different from those of SBM, whereas AA in DY is less digestible than in SBM. The estimated DE and ME as well as the SID of AA in DY and SBM can be used in diet formulation for growing pigs using these ingredients.     

The effect of crude fibre on apparent digestibility and digestible energy content of extruded dog foods

The apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy of 38 commercial dry extruded dog foods was measured using six adult (2 to 3 year-old) female Beagles. Diets contained [in g/kg dry matter (DM)]: 164–360 crude protein (CP); 79–261 ether extracts (EE); 8–33 crude fibre (CF) and 318–585 nitrogen free extracts (NFE). Apparent energy digestibility ranged from 77.3 to 91.6%, and was closely related to CF content ( r =–0.85), yielding the resultant equation: GED (%)=94.00 – 4.04 × CF (% DM). The estimation of digestible energy content of foods from digestibility coefficients predicted from the above equation and gross energy measured or estimated from the Weende fractions, provides a more accurate prediction of experimental values than the Atwater approach followed by the National Research Council and the Association of American Feed Control Officials.     

Prediction of digestible energy content of extruded dog food by in vitro analyses

The aim of this study was to develop a simple and reproducible in vitro method for predicting the apparent energy digestibility of dry extruded dog foods. The proposed method is based on the two-step multienzymatic incubation assay described by [Boisen, S., 1991: In Vitro Digestion for Pigs and Poultry, M. F. Fuller (ed.). CAB International, Wallingford, 135-146], with some modifications adapted to dogs' digestion characteristics. The method consisted in two consecutives incubations, first one during 2 h with pepsin (10 mg/g of food sample) in acid pH and second one during 4 h with pancreatin (100 mg/g of food sample). The undigested residue obtained was collected in a filtration unit and then dried and ashed. The in vitro percentage of organic matter disappearance (in vitro dOM) of 54 dry extruded commercial dog foods was determined and used as predictor of the in vivo apparent organic matter (in vivo dOM) and energy digestibility (in vivo dE) and digestible energy (DE) content. There was a close linear relationship between the in vivo dOM and dE [r(2) = 0.95, residual standard deviation (RSD) = 1.05 and coefficient of variation (CV) = 1.2%] and also between the in vitro and in vivo dOM (r(2) = 0.92, RSD = 1.38 and CV = 1.6%), even if the in vitro dOM overestimated on average by 4% the in vivo dOM. When the in vitro dOM was used to predict the in vivo dE, the relationship between both variables was defined by the equation: in vivo dE (%) = -2.45 + 0.98 +/- 0.04x in vitro dOM (%), (r(2) = 0.92, RSD = 1.25 and CV = 1.5%). In addition, a close relationship between the in vivo and predicted DE (estimated dE x gross energy determined calorimetrically) was found (r(2) = 0.97, RSD = 0.26 and CV = 1.4%). The accuracy of DE content prediction using the proposed in vitro method was higher than that obtained when the DE content of the same set of samples was predicted by the equation proposed by the NRC (1985) (r(2) = 0.76, CV = 4.5%) and also slightly higher than that obtained when using the equation proposed by NRC (2006) (r(2) = 0.95, CV = 2.1%).     

罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉的研究

在实用饲料(含鱼粉6.0％,鱼粉粗蛋白质含量为64.5％)的基础上,用脱酚棉籽蛋白分别替代0、50％和100％的鱼粉,配制成3种等氮等能的试验饲料,以研究罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉的可行性.将270尾平均体重为50 g的雄性吉富罗非鱼随机分成3组(每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾),其中饲喂替代水平为0的试验...     

Determination and prediction of the apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in cottonseed meals fed to growing pigs

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in cottonseed meals (CSM) and to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs based on the chemical composition and AA content of CSM. 10 CSM were collected from 10 provinces in China. 11 barrows (initial body weight: 34.4 ± 1.9 kg), fitted with an ileal T‐cannula, were allotted to 6 × 11 Youden square with 6 periods and 11 diets. The diets included one N‐free diet and 10 CSM test diets containing 40% CSM as the sole source of AA. The nitrogen‐free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The AID and SID for crude protein (CP), Lys, Met, Trp, and Thr among the 10 CSM differed (p < 0.05). With R² values exceeding 0.30, significant linear regression equations for CP, Lys, and Thr were obtained. The best fit equations for predicting the AID and SID of Lys were: AID of Lys = 82.94–0.65 neutral detergent fiber, with R² = 0.44, residual standard deviation (RSD) = 4.03 and p = 0.04; and SID of Lys = 135.34–1.01 neutral detergent fiber + 34.27 Thr – 58.06 Trp – 84.93 Met, with R² = 0.90, RSD = 1.42 and p = 0.01. In conclusion, the results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of CSM in growing pigs.